高接在不同基砧的锦橙上的华红脐橙的栽培表现及矿质营养含量年变化

田间调查了高接在两种不同基砧的锦橙上的华红脐橙的栽培表现及矿质营养含量年变化差异。结果表明,在栽培效应上,红桔基砧树体生长较旺,投产晚,果实小,果实含酸量较高、糖酸比较低,出汁率和Vc含量较高;枳基砧则相反。在矿质元素含量年变化上,不同基砧树的叶片矿质元素含量年变化趋势除Mn、Zn外,其它元素含量年变化趋势差异明显;不同基砧根系的各种矿质元素含量年变化趋势基本相似;在不同基砧树之间,除根系Mg、Fe含量外,叶片和根系的各种矿质元素含量在年周期内的差异明显。     

闽北山地丘陵针阔混交林持水效果研究

该文以1995年造林的针阔混交林为研究对象,对15a生的针阔混交林的林下凋落物持水能力和养分状况进行了调查和分析。结果表明:混交林比纯林具有更好的保水保肥的能力;混交林中林下凋落物饱和含水量以杉木×枫香(1∶3)最大,枫香×鹅掌楸(1∶3)最小;混交林中凋落物量以鹅掌楸×杉木(1∶1)混交林最大,枫香×鹅掌楸(1∶3)混交林的凋落物量最小。     

9株绵羊肺炎支原体内蒙古分离株P113基因克隆及蛋白序列分析

[目的]克隆绵羊肺炎支原体内蒙古分离株P113基因,比对、分析不同菌株P113蛋白序列,为研究绵羊肺炎支原体P113蛋白的生物学功能提供参考。[方法]设计绵羊肺炎支原体P113基因特异性引物,采用PCR方法扩增9株绵羊肺炎支原体内蒙古分离株的P113基因片段;对获得的9株绵羊肺炎支原体P113基因片段进行测序分析,将DNA序列翻译为氨基酸序列,对不同菌株的P113氨基酸序列进行比对。[结果]不同分离株P113基因片段扩增产物大小不同。氨基酸序列分析显示,C末端序列重复区域长度存在差异,以KKAEGA（S）QNQG为主要重复序列单元。不同菌株重复序列单元数量不同,NM01-MO株和CK-MO株的重复序列单元数量最多,为16个;LK-MO株重复序列单元数量最少,为3个;多数菌株之间重复序列单元数量差异较大。[结论]绵羊肺炎支原体内蒙古分离株P113氨基酸序列的C末端重复序列单元数量不同,这些不同数量的重复序列影响P113蛋白结构,进而可能影响其生物学功能。     

南海南部海域夏季分粒级叶绿素a浓度的分布特征及其影响因素

利用2009年6月南海综合调查数据,分析了分粒级叶绿素a (Chl a) 的分布特征及其影响因素,其结果如下: Chl a浓度为未检出至0.51µg/L,平均值为0.10±0.09µg/L,其自表向底层逐渐升高, 至50m层达到最高值, 而后迅速降低,在100m以深的水体中, Chl a含量很少, 水深达到200m时, Chl a的含量接近于零, 部分站位Chl a含量低于检出限。分粒级Chl a 结果表明, Pico 级Chl a (<2µm) 浓度介于0.022-0.40 µg/L之间, 平均值为0.097±0.072 µg/L, 垂向分布上与Chl a 总量一致, 浓度最高值位于50 m; Nano 级Chl a (2-20µm )浓度介于0.0040-0.12µg/L之间, 平均值为0.016±0.018µg/L, 垂向分布变化不大, 在50m层有一高值; Micro 级Chl a (20-200µm)浓度介于0.0013-0.051µg/L之间, 平均值为0.0065±0.0086 µg/L, 垂向分布变化不大,在表层有一高值。分级Chl a 对总Chl a 的贡献主要以细胞粒径0.7-2 µm的Pico 级Chl a 占优势(81.7±8.89%), 其次是2-20 µm的Nano 级Chl a (13.2±6.19%); 粒径>20 µm的Micro 级Chl a 的贡献最小(5.10±3.72%)。调查海域内普遍存在潜在氮限制因素, 但不存在硅的限制。温度、营养盐浓度及营养盐比值(营养盐限制)、真光层厚度、水文状况是控制不同粒级Chl a 含量及分布的主要因素。     

Tillage and mulch effects on soil physical environment, root growth, nutrient uptake and yield of maize and wheat on an Alfisol in north-west India

Field experiments were conducted for 6 years on a silty clay loam to study the effect of soil management on soil physical properties, root growth, nutrient uptake and yield of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a sequence. Treatments were: no-tillage (NT), NT+pine needle mulch at a rate of 10 t ha⁻¹ (NT+M), conventional tillage (CT), CT+pine needle mulch at a rate of 10 t ha⁻¹ (CT+M) and deep tillage (DT). The soil is classified as a Typic Hapludalf and has compact sub-surface layers. The NT treatment increased the bulk density of the surface layer but this problem was not observed in the no-tilled treatment having mulch at the surface (NT+M). The CT+M and NT+M treatments favourably moderated the hydro-theregime resulting in greater root growth, nutrient uptake and grain yields of maize and wheat. The DT treatment, imposed only once, at the beginning of the study, also enhanced root growth and grain yields. The yields were similar to the mulched treatments for maize and somewhat less than the mulched treatments for wheat. Mulched treatments generally showed significantly greater total uptake of N, P and K than corresponding unmulched ones. Since NT+M was comparable to CT for maize and superior for wheat, the latter is preferable since it does not require ellaborate tillage.     

氮钾配施对花菜产量、品质和养分吸收的影响

花菜氮、钾配施试验研究结果表明:氮、钾肥料配合施用不仅能够增加产量,提高果实中Vc和糖分含量,改善品质,而且能够促进花菜对氮、磷、钾等养分的吸收,提高肥料利用率.     

不同土壤深度棉花根系形态变化规律及与矿质元素的关系

【目的】研究不同土壤深度下棉花根系形态变化规律,分析与矿质元素的响应关系,及矿质元素对根系形态的调控作用,为构建合理棉花根系构型提供理论依据。【方法】测试37份棉花品种的根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积、根系生物量、根系氮、磷、钾元素,根据公式计算比根长、比根面积、比根体积、根系密度,研究矿质元素对根系形态的调控关系。【结果】位于0~10 cm土壤中,由于氮素作用,促使比根长、比根面积、比根体积增加,轻微抑制根系密度生长。在10~20 cm土壤中,氮素促使比根长、比根面积增加,抑制根系密度的生长及比根体积的增加。在20~30 cm土壤中,氮素对比根长、比根面积、根系密度的作用效果不明显,而对比根体积表现为负相关关系。在30~50 cm土壤中,氮素对比根长、比根面积、比根体积、根系密度表现为正相关关系。在50~60 cm的土壤中,比根长、比根面积、比根体积、根系密度表现为负相关关系。第一主成分与氮素、比根长、比根面积、比根体积的相关性较高,第二主成分主要与根系密度的相关性较高,第三主成分主要与磷、钾元素的相关性较高。磷、钾元素与第一主成分的相关性较高,氮素与第三主成分的相关性较高。【结论】根系在不同土壤深度下,比根长、比根面积、比根体积逐渐增大,单位质量根系含氮量不断减少。根系形态性状主要受氮素调控,磷、钾元素对根系形态性状的调控作用较小。     

Effect of replacing soybean meal with yeast‐fermented canola meal on growth and nutrient retention of Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)

Yeast fermentation integrated with water soaking was applied as a method to reduce the levels of some anti‐nutritional factors in canola meal. The procedure completely eliminated glucosinolates and it reduced phytic acid content by 18%. It also led to increase of 9% of crude protein and 8–32% of some minerals in the meal. A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate replacement of dietary soybean meal protein with yeast‐fermented canola meal for Nile tilapia at ratios of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% respectively. Three groups of fish with an initial weight of 10 g were fed with each diet twice a day to an apparent satiation. The results showed that there were non‐significant differences (P > 0.05) in growth, survival rate, feed intake and feed conversion ratio for all fish fed with the test diets. However, replacement with 75 and 100% levels significantly reduced (P < 0.05) protein efficiency ratio and nutrient digestibility of protein, lipid, ash, Ca, Mg and P of fish compared with the lower levels. The low retention of protein, lipid, ash, Ca, Mg and P were also observed. These effects seemed to be related to an increased dietary phytic acid.     

保持耕作技术对旱区坡耕地水土流失的影响

研究了保持耕作技术对治理旱区坡耕地水土流失的作用,表明高留茬深松技术可以减少降雨中的产流次数及径流量,大幅度降低径流量中NO_3~--N的浓度及流失量,在土壤侵蚀中氮和钾具有养分富集作用,而磷的流失仅与流失的土壤总量有关。     

美国‘WL’系列苜蓿品种在北疆的引种试验

为筛选出适合新疆北部的苜蓿品种,引进‘WL168HQ’、‘WL343HQ’、‘WL363HQ’、‘WL354HQ’等4个美国‘WL’系列苜蓿品种,进行2年的生育期和产草量测定和主要营养成分的分析。结果表明,不同品种生育期无明显差异,越冬率均在95%以上,在当地表现出很好的适应性。‘WL’系列苜蓿品种蛋白质含量均高于新疆大叶苜蓿,其中‘WL168HQ’初花期粗蛋白质含量最高达20.32%,中性洗涤粗纤维含量35.0%。生长第2年‘WL168HQ’、‘WL343HQ’年总产量最高达24024.7、23590.7 kg/hm2,比新疆大叶苜蓿增产25.2%、23.8%(P0.01)。经分析‘WL168HQ’和‘WL343HQ’品种在北疆平原区适应性比较强,干草产量高,营养丰富,建议同类区域广泛推广种植,也可以作为育种材料加以创新利用。