Fasudil hydrochloride prevents cisplatin-induced renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis via Akt activation and PTEN inhibition

AIM: To explore the protective effect of fasudil hydrochloride against cisplatin(CP)-induced renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis via Akt activation and PTEN inhibition. METHODS: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, CP group and CP+ fasudil group. All animals were sacrificed 96 h after injection of 0.9% saline or CP. Blood samples and kidney tissues were collected to evaluate levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (sCr) and morphological alteration of the kidneys, respectively. The apoptosis of renal tubular epithelium cells was detected by TUNEL. Protein levels of Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), PTEN and Akt were measured by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The protein level of p-Akt was analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the sCr and BUN levels, the expression of ROCK1 and PTEN and TUNEL-positive cells were increased, while the level of p-Akt was decreased in CP group and CP+fasudil group. The histological structure of the kidneys observed by PAS staining was developed marked structural damage in CP group(P<0.05). Compared with CP group, sCr level, the expression of ROCK1 and PTEN and TUNEL-positive cells were decreased, while the level of p-Akt was increased in CP+fasudil group (P<0.05). Very little structural damage was detected in fasudil-treated groups. CONCLUSION: Fasudil hydrochloride has a protective effect on CP-induced renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis via Akt activation and PTEN inhibition 1.     

Effects of oral glucosamine hydrochloride administration on plasma free amino acid concentrations in dogs

We examined the effects of oral glucosamine hydrochloride (GlcN), N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and d-glucose (Glc) administration on plasma total free amino acid (PFAA) concentrations in dogs. The PFAA concentrations increased in the control group and the GlcNAc group at one hour after feeding, and each amino acid concentration increased. On the other hand, in the GlcN group and the Glc group PFAA concentrations decreased at one hour after feeding. A significant decrease in amino acid concentration was observed for glutamate, glycine and alanine. Our results suggest the existence of differences in PFAA dynamics after oral administration of GlcN and GlcNAc in dogs.     

RP-HPLC法测定三黄片中黄芩苷和小檗碱的含量

[目的]建立RP-HPLC同时测定三黄片中黄芩苷和小檗碱含量的方法。[方法]采用Kromasil C18柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),以乙腈-浓度2%乙酸水溶液(25∶75,V/V)为流动相,流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长为275 nm,进样量为10μl。[结果]黄芩苷和小檗碱的分离效果良好,分别在0.008~0.038、0.004~0.022 mg/ml浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率分别为99.3%(RSD=1.66%)和99.5%(RSD=2.42%)。[结论]该方法简便、准确,分离效果好,可用于三黄片的质量控制。     

盐酸克伦特罗对小鼠大脑皮层ATP、SDH、ADA和LDH活性的影响

通过对大脑皮层ATP酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性的测定,研究盐酸克伦特罗(CLH)对小鼠大脑损伤的影响.选健康小鼠160只,随机分为4组,分别灌胃12.5、25.0、50.0mg/kg的CLH,连续用药30d,对照组灌胃等量生理盐水,在灌胃处理5、10、20、30d时用比色法检测小鼠大脑皮层ATP酶、SDH、ADA和LDH活性的变化.结果表明:与对照组相比,灌胃CLH小鼠大脑皮层ATP酶和LDH活性降低,SDH和ADA活性升高.CLH对小鼠大脑酶活性的影响具有时间-剂量效应.双因素方差分析表明,剂量因素对结果的影响大于时间因素.说明CLH可影响小鼠大脑相关酶活性,对小鼠大脑的损害可能与大脑内ATP酶和LDH活性降低、SDH和ADA活性升高有一定的相关性.     

Biology of Larks (Aves: Alaudidae) in the Central Namib Desert

1. The biology of six species of larks in the Namib Desert near Walvis Bay, South West Africa, was studied in 1964, 1965 and 1966.

2. All species reproduced following rainfall in summer and autumn months, with the appearance of green grass and abundant insects on which the birds fed.

3. The primarily insectivorous species, Certhilauda albofasciata, shows no seasonality in moulting and testicular development, and reproduces whenever local rainfall results in favourable feeding and nesting circumstances, while the primarily granivorous Spizoeorys starki and Eremopterix verticalis have markedly seasonal testicular and moulting cycles timed so that reproduction occurs only during the late summer and autumn months. Ammomanes grayi is intermediate in food habits and in timing of moulting and reproduction, and C. albescens and Mirafra naevia may also be intermediate in this respect.

4. S. starki and E. verticalis are the only larks that normally drink, but flocks of both species were observed that were independent of drinking water.

5. Larks avoid heat stress during daytime by keeping to the shade of stones, tufts of vegetation and mouths of rodent burrows; and nests are nearly always placed on the shady side of a stone' or tuft of grass.

6. It is suggested that larks may be successful desert occupants because they have not become highly specialized and therefore can tolerate rapidly and severely changing environ-mental conditions associated with drought and irregular rainfall.     

Metabolomic Analyses of Blood Plasma after Oral Administration of D-Glucosamine Hydrochloride to Dogs

D-Glucosamine hydrochloride (GlcN∙HCl) is an endogenous amino monosaccharide synthesized from glucose that is useful in the treatment of joint diseases in both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to examine amino acid metabolism in dogs after oral administration of GlcN∙HCl. Accelerated fumarate respiration and elevated plasma levels of lactic acid and alanine were observed after administration. These results suggest that oral administration of GlcN∙HCl induces anaerobic respiration and starvation in cells, and we hypothesize that these conditions promote cartilage regeneration. Further studies are required to evaluate the expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β).     

逆流运动对多鳞四须鲃幼鱼活动代谢及体内盐酸诺氟沙星残留的影响

以多鳞四须鲃(Barbodes schwanenfeldi)幼鱼(体质量90.3 g±10.1 g)为研究对象,设置0 BL/s和2.0 BL/s两种流速条件,使用自制的活动代谢和游泳行为同步测定装置测定不同时段幼鱼的摆尾频率和耗氧率。在此基础上,按鱼体质量以每天50 mg/kg口服盐酸诺氟沙星的剂量连续7 d投喂药饵,研究了两种流速对停药后多鳞四须鲃肌肉组织盐酸诺氟沙星残留的影响。结果表明,实验期间无论哪个时段,2.0 BL/s流速下多鳞四须鲃摆尾频率和耗氧率均显著大于静水组(P0.05);同一流速下多鳞四须鲃摆尾频率和耗氧率随养殖时间的延长有逐渐降低趋势。与静水对照组相比,停药后各时间点(1 d、2 d、4 d)2.0 BL/s流速组鱼肌肉盐酸诺氟沙星含量均显著减少(P0.05),在停药第6 d已低于检出限,而静水对照组则在停药12 d才低于检出限。研究结果说明适当的水流刺激可以诱导鱼类进行逆流运动,促进鱼体代谢和加速药物残留的排除。     

盐酸沙拉沙星胶囊在蚕体内的药物动力学研究

[目的]研究盐酸沙拉沙星胶囊在蚕体内的药物代谢动力学特征。[方法]采用微生物法测定家蚕食下不同浓度的盐酸沙拉沙星胶囊后不同时间血液中的药物含量。[结果]分别给5龄家蚕添食51、02、0 mg/kg盐酸沙拉沙星后,AIC值分别为-37.72547、11.076 95和27.447 15,拟合度良好;主要药动学参数吸收速率常数ka分别为0.835、0.8200、.653 h-1,达峰时间Tmax分别为2.8872、.7372、.765 h,最高血药浓度Cmax分别为3.9106、.609、11.032μg/ml。蚕食盐酸沙拉沙星后蚕体内的血药浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收一室开放式模型,盐酸沙拉沙星在蚕体内吸收迅速、达峰时间短（2.8 h左右）,最高血药浓度与添食剂量成正比、消除半衰期较短的药物代谢动力学特征,适合日内多次给药。[结论]该研究为制定蚕病的临床合理用药方案提供了药物动力学依据。     

酶催化光度法测定动物性食品中盐酸氯丙嗪残留

[目的]建立了酶催化动力学光度法测定盐酸氯丙嗪的新方法。[方法]在pH 9.8的NH3-NH4Cl缓冲溶液中,利用盐酸氯丙嗪对牛血红蛋白（Hemoglobin,Hb）模拟酶催化体系的抑制作用,研究了该抑制反应的最佳试验条件及动力学行为。[结果]测定的线性范围为0.25～25.00μg/ml,方法检出限为0.026μg/ml。对浓度为2.5μg/ml的盐酸氯丙嗪进行11次平行测定,其相对标准偏差为4.5%。[结论]该方法简单、快速、灵敏,可用于动物性食品中盐酸氯丙嗪残留的检测。     

澳洲茄胺盐酸盐对小鼠肝癌H22抑制作用研究

目的研究观察澳洲茄胺盐酸盐对移植性实体型肿瘤小鼠肝癌H22的瘤重抑制率.方法本项研究采用肿瘤细胞悬液接种法制备小鼠移植性实体型肿瘤H22动物模型.腹腔注射给药,连续10 d.给药结束后,解剖小鼠,取瘤称质量,进行统计学处理及分析,观察药物作用,连续3次重复实验.结果经过研究发现：澳洲茄胺盐酸盐对移植性实体型小鼠肝癌H22抑制实验3次重复实验证实,在药物倍数剂量设置下,44 mg/kg剂量组与盐水对照组比较,有显著性差异;44 mg/kg剂量组瘤质量抑制率在55.1%～73.7%之间,平均抑瘤率为62.3%,P〈0.01.结论通过连续3次重复实验,澳洲茄胺盐酸盐对小鼠移植性实体型肿瘤肝癌H22有明显的抑制作用.