河北省新农村建设评价指标体系的构建

为了对新农村建设的进展状况作出科学合理的评价,构建了河北省新农村建设的评价指标体系,并用该评价指标体系对河北省5个行政村的新农村建设情况进行了评价。评价结果表明,5个行政村村容整洁与管理民主状况较好,而生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明3个方面实现程度较低。     

湄洲岛北部区环境整治方案设计

湄洲岛是妈祖文化的发祥地,其祖庙是世界第一座妈祖庙,而湄洲岛北部区是全岛的门户,作为湄洲岛的对外窗口形象,该区段进行环境整治非常迫切。通过深入分析场地环境所存在的一系列问题,寻找设计对策,进行科学定位、分区整治和分期实施,使其成为与妈祖文化相和谐的综合配套服务功能区。     

基于SPEI的河北省南部棉花生长季干旱特征分析

旨在为棉花干旱灾害的监测、预报预警及防御提供理论依据。利用河北省南部8个气象站点1962—2020年的逐月气温、降水量数据,采用标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI),通过回归分析、Mann-Kendall检验等方法,分析了河北省南部棉花生长季（4—10月）干旱变化特征。结果表明,河北南部棉花全生育期的干旱频率为25%,其中重旱以上发生频率为6.8%;播种期、苗期、蕾期、花铃期和吐絮期干旱频率分别为35.6%、30.5%、32.2%、30.5%和32.2%;苗期气候在1976年发生干湿变化突变,1976年后呈显著湿润化趋势;蕾期气候在1968年发生干湿突变,1968年后呈显著湿润化趋势;棉花花铃期气候1982年后呈干旱化趋势,变化趋势越来越显著;棉花吐絮期气候1989年后呈干旱化趋势;棉花全生育期气候1982年后呈现持续干旱化趋势。20世纪90年代以来,棉花苗期、蕾期气候呈湿润化趋势,花铃期呈干旱化趋势,作物品种培育和栽培技术措施改进应重视这种变化趋势。     

河北政法职业学院校园园林植物病虫害调查初报

经调查鉴定,初步查明为害河北政法职业学院校园园林植物的病害有17种,害虫82种,并对其发生特点作了分析,为病虫害防治提供参考。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病野毒株的分离鉴定及河北弱毒株培育的研究

从河北省６个地区鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）的鸡群中，分离到６株强毒，均能使易感鸡３６小时发病并死亡，发病率达６０～１００％，死亡率１０～７０％。人工感染鸡能见到与野外病例相同的病变。经血清学试验、鸡胚接种、电镜观察均证明，分离物为传染性法氏囊病毒（ＩＢＤＶ），其中有的毒株，毒力非常强。利用其中毒力最强的１株病毒，经鸡胚多次传代培养育成１株免疫原性好，免疫期长，免疫效果容易监测的弱毒株，经野外试验证明，该毒株是防治ＩＢＤ的一个很理想的毒株。     

Evaluation of the Effect of SoyaSignal Technology on Soybean Yield [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] under Field Conditions Over 6 Years in Eastern Canada and the Northern United States

Previous studies showed that inoculation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr] with Bradyrhizobium japonicum preactivated with plant-to-bacteria signal molecules increased nodule number, particularly at low root zone temperatures, thereby improving plant seasonal nitrogen fixation and final grain and protein yield under cool spring conditions. Two products carrying this technology, SoyaSignal^TM and Affix+^TM, were designed and tested at 127 locations in Canada and the United States from 1994 to 1999. A summary of the field test results shows that preincubation of B. japonicum with genistein and daidzein, as well as directly increasing the genistein and daidzein concentration in the soybean root rhizosphere, gave an average final grain yield increase of 7 %. The success of SoyaSignal technology was temperature dependent. The plants responded better to the SoyaSignal products when grown under cool soil conditions. Application of SoyaSignal to early planted soybean (before the soil temperature rose above 17.5 °C) increased yields by an average of 10 %. The responses declined with delayed planting dates. Soybean genotypes with high yield potential had greater yield increases than those with low yield potential. As the ratio of return to cost for SoyaSignal technology was 5.3 : 1 over the 127 site-years, SoyaSignal technology can be used as a tool to improve soybean yield in production areas with cool springs.     

河北省桑树资源

河北省桑树资源丰富,采集到的桑种有白桑、鲁桑、山桑、鸡桑、华桑、黑桑、蒙桑及其变种鬼桑;发现了河北桑;栽培品种可分为五大实用类型:叶用桑、条用桑、果用桑、杈用桑、材用桑。     

The potential of agroforestry in the high rainfall areas of Zambia: a peasant programming model approach

Existing cropping systems in Northern Zambia cause deforestation and soil degradation. To reduce the environmental problems, the potential of alley cropping and pigeon peas replacing the existing cropping systems was analyzed by the use of multi-objective programming models of peasant households. The models were formulated based on the theories of Chayanov and Nakajima which are suitable under conditions of imperfect labour markets. Risk was incorporated in the models in relation to weather and fertilizer supply. The models provide an opportunity to relate key characteristics of new technologies to key characteristics of peasants' preferences and resource constrains. The models may also be used to identify minimum performance levels required for new technologies to be found acceptable.Models of a small male-headed household are presented under varying conditions: for high and low population densities, with and without fertilizer subsidies, and for households with and without access to off-farm employment under high population density conditions.The analysis showed that the alley cropping technology is very unlikely to replace thechitemene system where there is still sufficient woodland for its continuation. The technology may have higher potential in more densely populated areas, where more intensive forms of agriculture are practised and where there is access to inputs such as lime and fertilizer. The removal of fertilizer subsides as a result of the Structural Adjustment Programs, may favour alley cropping because this technology may increase the efficiency of fertilizer use and reduce the need for nitrogenous fertilizers. The potential of the technology depends very much on the management level and location-specific performance of the trees.The pigeon pea technology has high potential if it is accepted as food since it has a very favourable yield per unit of labour, requires no monetary inputs, and can grow, in very poor soils. Pigeon pea also has potential as a cheap source of protein for the urban poor.     

河北省农民消费水平与特征实证分析

本文通过对改革开放以来河北省农民消费水平变化以及影响农民消费因素的分析,发现农民近年来消费具有如下几方面特征:(1)总体消费水平低于全国平均水平,在纯收入和消费支出两方面都低于全国平均水平;(2)八十年代中后期以后,农民边际消费倾向出现了上升趋势;(3)进入九十年代以后,农户消费中商品性消费支出比重下降,出现了向自给性消费回归的现象;(4)农户耐用消费进入新的阶段。     

机会成本视角下北方农牧交错带生态优先兼顾农业产业发展策略

北方农牧交错带既存在农业产业与生态建设资源竞争的矛盾,又存在经济增长与生态持续改善亟需解决的问题。以“绿水青山就是金山银山”发展理念作为生态优先、绿色发展实践的指导原则,该文从机会成本理论切入,研究优先生态建设兼顾农业产业经济发展策略问题,通过机会成本、外部性、帕累托最优理论分析,以及应用陆地生态服务功能单位当量因子价值量计算方法对森林、草地、农田的生态服务价值进行核算,结果表明：单位面积森林、草地的生态价值大于农业产业的生态价值,因此说明农地用于造林和种草等生态建设的机会成本小于从事农业产业的机会成本。依据理论分析与量化核算所得结论,提出构建生态优先兼顾农业产业发展的综合体系,以及建立与完善生态建设激励机制的建议。