广东传统林业乡土知识系统与乡村林业

广东省山区居民人口多，且多居住在林区。山区人民在长期生产和生活实践中，对其聚居地的森林资源产生了深刻的认识和了解，并对其赖以生存的森林资源形成了独特的利用与管理的传统知识和经验。文章对广东乡土林业传统管理与利用进行了初步探讨。     

Organic Matter Added to Bareroot Nursery Beds Influences Soil Properties and Morphology of Fraxinus pennsylvanica and Quercus rubra Seedlings

Bareroot hardwood seedling production involves intensive soil management. To increase soil organic matter (OM), nurseries commonly grow a cover crop for 1 year after every 1–2 year of seedling production. Raising soil OM levels can also be achieved through addition of soil amendments. We studied the influence of chicken manure (CM) and composted leaf, tree, and lawn trimmings (Cp) on soil properties and morphology of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings. CM was applied at 725, 1450, or 2900 kg ha⁻¹ (CM725, CM1450, and CM2900, respectively) and Cp was applied at 200 m³ ha⁻¹. Addition of CM and Cp significantly raised soil OM levels and altered soil chemical properties compared to the control (Ctrl). Root-collar diameter increased with addition of CM1450, CM2900, or Cp compared to CM725 or Ctrl plots for northern red oak, but was largest in soils amended with CM2900 for green ash. Conversely, height was greatest with addition of CM725 for northern red oak, but green ash seedlings were shorter in Ctrl plots than in all amendments except for CM725. Root volume of green ash and northern red oak seedlings was positively influenced by addition of CM or Cp. Seedling responses to nursery soil amendments vary with different forms and amounts of OM. Benefits to seedling growth through application of appropriate materials in the proper balance can improve seedling morphological quality and positively influence soil chemical properties.     

广东省李产业发展现状调查

广东是李的南缘分布区,其得天独厚的自然条件和李产业稳定的经济效益使得广东成为了全国主要的李产区。为了给李产业生产和研究规划的制定提供基本数据,采用走访与实地考察相结合的方法,对广东省李的分布、种质资源、产业现状等方面的情况进行了系统调查。结果表明:经过长期的人工栽培,广东已演化形成了一个需冷量低的南亚热带特色李品种群,共有原产品种26个,其中既有像三华李那样的古老品种,也有如华蜜大蜜李和岭溪李那样品质优良的新品种;2013年,广东全省规模化李果园面积有5.52万hm2,总栽培面积约7.1万hm2,其李果总产量分别52.10万和66.39万t,平均单位面积产量为9.35 t/hm2,说明广东省是全国李树栽培面积最大、李果总产量和单位面积产量都最高的省份;由于水热丰富,花期日照充足,广东李具有成熟早、产量稳定、经济效益高的特点,李产业是广东省山区的支柱产业。文中还分析了广东省李产业发展中存在的主要问题,并提出了广东省李产业发展的几点建议。     

冀北山地鼠害综合防治技术研究

针对冀北山地的森林鼠害发生规律及防治措施进行了研究,通过铗捕法和洞口统计法进行鼠害种类及密度的调查;通过踏查确定主要危害树种;采用化学、物理、营林、生物药剂、天敌等5种方法进行了防治效果对比分析。结果表明,该区域威胁森林资源安全的主要鼠害为棕背鼲,油松是其主要为害树种;7月、8月是其为害高峰期,也是防治的关键期;物理防治(树干套管)和营林措施(割灌除草)防治效果最好,分别达到83%和89%,并且具有可操作性,适合大面积推广;天敌防治见效周期较长,是解决森林鼠害的治本之道,但短期效果不太明显,生物药剂防治效果不佳。     

广东适生樱花及其园林应用

在对樱花作系统调查、引种、筛选和试种的基础上,推介适合广东地区种植的‘中国红’、‘广州’樱、和‘富贵’樱等5种适应性强、观赏价值高的樱花品种,重点介绍其品种特征、生态习性、观赏特性、繁殖栽培及园林应用。     

A rapid immunoperoxidase-based virus neutralization assay for salmonid alphavirus used for a serological survey in Northern Ireland

A modified virus neutralization (VN) assay was developed to replace an existing assay read on the presence or absence of virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE). The modified assay used a monoclonal antibody to salmon pancreas disease virus as the first layer of an immunoperoxidase (IPX)-based immunostaining technique to detect viral growth. The IPX-based VN assay required only 3 days to perform, and the adoption of a 96-well microtitre format facilitated a high throughput of samples requiring small volumes of serum, cells and virus. When 352 sera from farmed salmon and 302 sera from farmed trout were tested by both the modified and the original CPE-based assays, overall correlations of 97.72 and 96.03% were, respectively, obtained (96.94% combined). When the modified assay was used to test 188 sera collected from wild salmonids in freshwater river systems in Northern Ireland, no positive results were recorded.     

鲁北夏玉米施锌效果及其影响因素

2010~2012年,通过玉米锌肥施用技术试验,重点研究了玉米施用锌肥的有效性及影响玉米锌肥效果的相关因素。结果表明:鲁北褐土化潮土上施用锌肥一般增产14.3%左右;以666.7m2基施1.0~2.0kg锌肥效果较佳,叶面喷施则以0.20%浓度硫酸锌效果最佳,喷施时期以苗期和拔节期施用效果较好,土壤有效锌含量在0.6 mg/kg以下时施用锌肥有稳定的增产效果。     

广东省农业信息监测预警体系探讨

在大数据时代,农业数据资源的集成和发掘对现代农业发展具有重要的作用。该文在对广东农业信息监测预警体系建设需求分析的基础上,阐述了现阶段广东农业信息监测预警体系的建设现状,解析了体系建设中存在的数据利用率低、数据共享难、数据真实性不足等问题,并提出了整合资源、优化结构、加强预警、强化培训等一系列建议。     

苏北沿海地区啤酒大麦施肥技术

苏北沿海地区具有啤酒大麦生长得天独厚的自然条件,其是全国优质啤酒大麦主产区之一。通过对啤酒大麦科学施肥原则的阐述,提出了当地优质啤酒大麦科学施肥的方法和技术要点。     

2013年广东鳗鱼产业发展形势与对策建议

受长年高密度捕捞和环境因素等影响.世界鳗苗资源日渐稀少,我国是世界第一鳗业大国,广东鳗鱼养 殖产量占全国总产量的70豫左右.为促进广东省鳗鱼产业健康发展,对广东鳗鱼产业的发展现状以及在发展过程中 存在的相关问题进行分析,并在此基础上提出提升广东省鳗鱼产业发展的对策建议.