有关钢与钢筋混凝土组合梁设计问题的概述

介绍了钢与钢筋混凝土组合梁的特点及设计内容,并简单归纳了组合梁中钢梁截面设计以及剪切连接件的作用和形式。     

三峡库区川南山地黄牛及杂种后代生长曲线拟合分析

三峡库区川南山地黄牛及其8种杂种后代的体重资料用Logistic和Gompertz模型进行生长曲线拟合分析。结果表明:2种模型都能很好地拟合川南山地黄牛及其8种杂种后代的生长发育规律,但Gompertz模型尤佳。成熟体重最大的是西杂牛313.2373 kg,最小的是本地黄牛166.1484 kg。引进的8个肉牛品种对本地黄牛都有改良效果,较好的有西门塔尔牛、海福特、红安格斯、德国黄牛、利木赞牛。     

基于回购契约的风险厌恶零售商的供应链协调

应用LSTAR模型对我国通货膨胀率的动态特征进行的实证研究结果表明：我国通货膨胀率自身调整有明显的非线性特征，分为显著的低通货膨胀区制和高通货膨胀区制，区制转移的平滑参数较大，转移变量为滞后1期通货膨胀率，转折点为0.01036。同时，我国通货膨胀率存在一定程度的非对称性调整，随冲击大小、方向、区制不同而表现不同。此外，我国通货膨胀率具有较高的持久性，高通货膨胀区制的持久性明显低于低通货膨胀区制。     

冷却剂参数对铣槽喷管低周疲劳寿命的影响

采用有限体积流固耦合计算方法、非线性有限元热结构耦合分析方法和局部应变法研究大面积比铣槽喷管三维再生冷却槽道在循环工作条件下的热结构变形与低周疲劳寿命,并对比分析了冷却剂质量流量与入口温度对铣槽喷管疲劳使用寿命的影响。计算结果表明,铣槽喷管热结构响应呈现复杂的三维效应,应变较大位置主要分布在与肋连接的内衬区域,喷管中部的残余应变量最大；冷却槽道低周疲劳寿命分布和热结构响应基本一致,最小寿命位于喷管中部与肋相连的内衬区域燃气侧；随冷却剂质量流量增加,铣槽喷管低周疲劳寿命不断提高；随冷却剂入口温度增加喷管尾部低周疲劳寿命值不断降低,而喷管中前部的低周疲劳寿命值却不断提高,当冷却剂入口温度为280K左右时,本文的铣槽喷管总体使用寿命达到最大。      

AA肉鸡腿肌重活体估测方法的探讨

以AA肉鸡商品代为试验材料,分析0、7、14、21、28、35、42日龄公、母鸡整体和腿肌的累积生长,建立腿肌重(y)与活重(x)之间的直线回归、幂回归、指数回归、对数回归及多项式回归方程,探讨腿肌重的活体估测方法。结果表明,AA肉鸡的腿肌在后期生长迅速,尤其是公鸡在35～42日龄时期表现突出;腿肌重(y)与活重(x)的幂回归、直线回归、多项式回归方程的拟合精度均在0.95左右,效果较好。     

A variance-covariance structure to take into account repeated measurements and heteroscedasticity in growth modeling

This study proposes a within-subject variance-covariance (VC) structure to take into account repeated measurements and heteroscedasticity in a context of growth modeling. The VC structure integrates a variance function and a continuous autoregressive covariance structure. It was tested on a nonlinear growth model parameterized with data from permanent sample plots. Using a stand-level approach, basal area growth was independently modeled for red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.] in mixed stands. For both species, the implementation of the VC structure significantly improved the maximum likelihood of the model. In both cases, it efficiently accounted for heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation, since the normalized residuals no longer exhibited departures from the assumptions of independent error terms with homogeneous variances. Moreover, compared with traditional nonlinear least squares (NLS) models, models parameterized with this VC structure may generate more accurate predictions when prior information is available. This case study demonstrates that the implementation of a VC structure may provide parameter estimates that are consistent with asymptotically unbiased variances in a context of nonlinear growth modeling using a stand-level approach. Since the variances are no longer biased, the hypothesis tests performed on the estimates are valid when the number of observations is large.     

MSM法优化材积方程的研究

一元材积表是根据胸径(D)与材积(V)的数学模型编制的林业用表。V=aD~b是编制一元材积表最常用的方程。由于上式是非线性的,过去常采用的方法是将该方程转化为线性拟合问题,但这里存在一个问题,非线性方程取对数转化为线性方程后,通过最小二乘法求得的参数对线性方程来说是最优的,而对原非线性方程而言,则误差较大,有进一步优化的必要。本文试图应用改进单纯形法,进一步优化V=aD~b方程的参数a、b,从而提高一元材积表的精度。     

Foliar and shoot allometry of pollarded black locust, Robinia pseudoacacia L.

Browse of multipurpose tree species such as black locust could be used to broaden grazing options, but the temporal distribution of foliage has not been adequately studied. Our objective was to determine effects of harvest date, P fertilization (0 and 600 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), and pollard height (shoots clipped at 5-, 50-, and 100-cm above ground) on foliar and shoot allometry of black locust. The experiment was conducted on a naturally regenerated 2-yr-old black locust stand (15,000 trees ha⁻¹). Basal shoot diameter and foliar mass were measured monthly in June to October 2002 and 2003. Foliar and shoot dry mass (Y) was estimated from basal shoot diameter (D) by the function Y = aD ^b , with regression explaining ≥95% of variance. Allometry of foliar mass was affected by harvest date, increasing at a greater rate with D in September than in June or July, but not by P fertilization or pollard height. Foliar mass was predicted best by month-specific equations for the June to October growth interval. Allometry of shoot dry mass was unaffected by harvest date, P fertilization, or pollard height. These equations could be used as a first approximation of foliar and shoot mass for pollarded black locust.     

Height–diameter equations for boreal tree species in Ontario using a mixed-effects modeling approach

Height–diameter relationships based on stand characteristics (trees/ha, basal area, and dominant stand height) were investigated for balsam fir, balsam poplar, black spruce, jack pine, red pine, trembling aspen, white birch, and white spruce using data from permanent growth study plots in northern Ontario, Canada. Approximately half the data were used to estimate model parameters with the rest used for model evaluation. Multiple Chapman–Richards functions with parameters expressed in terms of various stand characteristics were fit to determine the best models for predicting height.     

青海贵德地区潜水含水层弥散系数研究

以青海贵德地区作为研究区域,以NaCl作为示踪剂,一次性瞬时投放,进行野外弥散试验,观测示踪剂浓度随时间的变化过程,使用标准曲线配线法和使用Matlab数据拟合法进行求解,得到了责德地区潜水含水层弥散系数,并分析了试验结果,比较了两种计算方法.