牡丹抑制栽培技术要领

通过对抑制栽培中苗木品质、储藏条件、温控设施、温度、湿度、光照等条件的论述,总结出牡丹抑制栽培过程中需注意的各种技术要领。     

产学合作培养机械专业人才分析与实践——基于大学生就业视角

针对机械专业人才培养中存在的产学脱节、理论脱离实际和实践环节薄弱等问题,分析产学合作在机械专业学生培养中的作用.通过对机电工程学院近五年机械专业学生就业情况的分析,提出在产学合作的框架下,应调动企业的积极性,把机械行业对人才的要求贯彻到机械专业学生培养的教育理念、培养目标、办学机制、教学内容和方法等各个环节中,使机械专业人才的培养在产学合作中紧扣机械行业的发展趋势,实现培养优秀机械人才的目标.实践表明,产学合作极大地提高了学生的就业率和就业质量,可实现学校和企业"双赢",是一种有效的培养模式.     

四川生态公益林建设刍议

对生态公益林的区划布局、经营管理、资金筹措等问题作了初步探讨.     

玉米单交种豫玉27号高产栽培措施研究

采用单因素随机区组设计对豫玉27号（原名洛单94-1）进行密度试验，结果表明：该品种对密度具有广适性，适宜种植密切为45000-75000株/hm^2。采用N、P、K三因素旋转组合设计，通过计算机模拟寻优，建立了豫玉27号的产量-施肥量数学模型；分析了N(x1)、P(x2)、K(x3)的主效应及交互效应与产量的关系，它们对产量的影响大小依次为N、P、K。筛选出玉米产量大于等于108000kg/hm^2的最优方案为：N393.15-399.15kg/hm^2、P2O5171.90-175.05kg/hm^2、K2O167.25-174.60kg/hm^2，其比例为：2.3：1：1。     

玉米高产栽培群体密度与性状指标研究

对3个综合性状突出的玉米品种在高产施肥水平下进行不同密度的栽培试验。结果表明,不同品种适宜的高产栽培密度不同,陕单8806和郑单958在6万～7.5万株/hm2,不能低于6万株/hm2,京科519在6万株/hm2左右,不能高于7.5万株/hm2。这3个品种在陕西关中夏播区的高产栽培群体性状指标为LAI在5.5左右,GAR在14.0 g/m2.d以上,吐丝期全株的光能截获量在92%以上,穗位以下叶的光能截获量不低于14%。     

Effects of Irrigation and Straw Mulching on Microclimate Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat in North Chinas

Abstract

In North China, irrigation is required to obtain a high yield from winter wheat; this results in rapid aquifer depletion. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influencing mechanisms of irrigation and straw mulching in preserving the soil moisture. Maize straw (3?5 cm) was mulched immediately after sowing winter wheat, and irrigation water was supplied at 60 mm, controlled by using a flow meter, during the jointing, heading, or milking stages of the crop. The results revealed that irrigation decreased the eddy thermal diffusivity, sensible heat flux, and soil heat flux, but increased the latent heat flux. In contrast, straw mulching enhanced the eddy thermal diffusivity and sensible heat flux, but decreased the latent heat flux. Straw mulching increased the soil temperature at 5 cm depth form January to February, but decreased the soil temperature before January and after February. There were no significant differences in the total evapotranspiration between mulched and non-mulched treatments, however, there was a statistically significant difference in the evapotranspiration among the different growing seasons. Straw mulching reduced the evapotranspiration from the seeding stage to the regrowing stage, and the evapotranspiration with mulching was less than that non-mulching 47.4 mm. Further, straw mulching significantly reduced the number of spikes in the crop. Both irrigation and straw mulching increased the number of kernels, but had no visible effects on the thousand kernel weight. These results indicate that straw mulching may decrease the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat in North China.     

优质稻“丰两优一号”特征特性及栽培技术

＂丰两优一号＂系合肥丰乐种业股份有限公司与辽宁粳杂研究中心合作,用广占63S×9311配制而成的籼型两系杂交稻,2005年通过国家农作物品种审定。具有杂交优势强,丰产、稳产,适应性广,抗病性强,米质优等特点,介绍了该品种在建瓯市种植的特征特性和栽培技术。     

陇川坝水稻德优8号（香型）品种优质高产栽培技术

通过云南陇川引进水稻德优8号（香型）品种的示范种植,初步提出了德优8号（香型）在陇川坝的优质高产栽培技术措施。     

Nitrous oxide emission measurement with acetylene inhibition method in paddy fields under flood conditions

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission from flooded rice paddy fields was continuously measured by the closed chamber method at an experimental plot in Thailand for a whole cultivation period. To characterize the N₂O emission with regard to the denitrification N loss, the C₂H₂ inhibition method was applied. Flood water on the soil greatly suppressed the N₂O emission. The N₂O emission was mitigated considerably by even a thin film of the flood water. The overall average N₂O emissions under flood conditions for one crop season (83 days) at the control site and the C₂H₂ treated site were 10.3 and 11.8 μg N m⁻² h⁻¹, respectively. The N₂O emission from the C₂H₂ treated site was consistently higher than that from the control site and the N₂O emission from both sites followed the same diurnal and seasonal variation pattern, indicating the effect of denitrification inhibition by the supplied C₂H₂. The N₂O emission enhanced along with temperature increase when NO₃–N concentration in the soil water was above 0.4 mg N l⁻¹ and soil temperature was above 24°C, suggesting specific temperature influence over the emission. The increase in NO₃–N concentration and temperature in the soil affected only the N₂O emission while the difference in the emission at the C₂H₂ treated site and the control site was not so much affected. It was suggested that most of the actively produced N₂O under higher NO₃–N concentration and temperature would likely to quickly emit to the atmosphere rather than to undergo further reduction to N₂.     

茶叶良种高效栽培技术与推广

本文阐述了茶叶良种先进高效栽培技术项目的完成情况,以及在研究和推广扦插繁殖技术、品种优化技术、老茶园嫁接换种、双条凹沟深栽、优化有机肥施用等技术中取得的先进经验。