竹活性炭比表面积及其孔径对TiO_2/BAC光催化降解甲醛性能的影响

[目的]研究竹活性炭比表面积及其孔径对TiO2/BAC光催化降解甲醛性能的影响。[方法]以竹子为原料,按照不同浸渍比,用磷酸活化法制备不同孔径和比表面积的系列竹活性炭（BAC）作为载体;通过溶胶凝胶法制备负载型光催化剂（TiO2/BAC）,以水溶液中的甲醛作为目标污染物,考察所得的一系列负载型光催化剂的光催化性能;采用氮气吸附、SEM进行表征,研究了竹活性炭的孔径和比表面积对负载型光催化剂性能的影响。[结果]竹活性炭吸附和TiO2光解的协同效应使TiO2/BAC光催化剂对水溶液中甲醛的处理效率显著提高;比表面积较大、微孔较多、平均孔径为2~3 nm的竹活性炭有利于TiO2的负载,制备得到的复合光催化活性较高。[结论]为TiO2光催化剂的固化负载研究提供了理论依据。     

二氧化碳麻醉技术在罗非鱼无水保活运输中的应用研究

采用二氧化碳(CO2)对罗非鱼进行麻醉,以麻醉时间、复苏时间为指标,探讨CO2浓度、水温、浸浴时间对罗非鱼麻醉效果的影响.结果显示,水温25℃、浓度0.41～ 1.13 mg/L时,随着浓度的增加,麻醉时间缩短,复苏时间延长;浓度0.58 mg/L时,水温由10℃升高到30℃时,麻醉时间呈先上升后下降的趋势,复苏时间呈下降趋势.罗非鱼血浆生化指标分析表明,麻醉中罗非鱼的乳酸脱氢酶、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性分别与麻醉前、麻醉后差异显著(P＜0.05);麻醉中罗非鱼的肌酐、尿素氮、乳酸含量显著高于麻醉前和复苏后;与麻醉中罗非鱼的血浆生化指标相比,复苏后的罗非鱼血浆生化指标均下降.研究表明,CO2对罗非鱼有麻醉作用,CO2麻醉可辅助罗非鱼无水保活运输.     

Utilization of monounsaturated fatty acid (18:1n-9, oleic acid) by freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) juveniles

The utilization of oleic acid as an energy source and the effects of oleic acid levels and/or dietary soy bean lecithin (SBL) on oleic acid utilization, growth and survival, and lipid class and fatty acid compositions of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man), juveniles were determined.
Increase in levels of dietary oleic acid from 10 to 80 g kg⁻¹ significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) reduced growth, survival and feed conversion efficiency of M. rosenbergii juveniles during the 40-day feeding period. Inclusion of 20 g kg⁻¹ SBL had no significant effect ( P ≥ 0.05) on growth and survival, nor was there any interactive effect between dietary SBL and oleic acid levels.
Body fatty acid profile of prawns reflected dietary fatty acid quantity. The fatty acid composition of prawns fed diets containing 80 g kg⁻¹ oleic acid had tremendously high proportions of oleic acid. Polar lipids, mostly phosphatidylcholine (PC), constituted the bulk of the extracted total lipids. Prawns fed with SBL had significantly ( P ≥ 0.05) higher PC content.
Oleic acid was metabolized for energy by M. rosenbergii juveniles at the same rate regardless of dietary level of SBL and/or oleic acid. Expired ¹⁴CO₂ accounted for half of the ingested radioactivity 48 h after feeding with labelled diets. No significant difference in the amount of ¹⁴CO₂ expired by prawns fed the labelled test diets was found. Per cent radioactivity ingested and absorbed into the body was also not significantly different in prawns of the different dietary treatments.     

混合表面活性剂分散纳米CeO2颗粒的协同效应

选用CTAB阳离子型和SDBS阴离子型分别与Tween80非离子型表面活性剂进行复配，通过Zeta电位、吸附等温线以及沉降性能测定，研究了混合表面活性剂对水相介质中纳米CeO2颗粒分散稳定性能影响的协同效应。结果表明：不同混合表面活性剂体系中纳米CeO2颗粒表现出不同的表面电性，从而影响其分散稳定行为；纳米CeO2颗粒对两种混合表面活性剂均有良好的吸附性能，但其吸附等温线形式有所不同；碱性条件下，混合表面活性剂能显著改善纳米CeO2颗粒的分散稳定性，其中SDBS与Tween 80的协同作用更为明显。     

CO2-O2混合喷吹对铁液中C、V元素氧化的影响

为了验证用CO2替代部分O2进行转炉氧化提钒的可行性,在实验室进行了CO2-O2混合喷吹提钒模拟实验。结果显示C的氧化量与C的氧化速率随CO2含量的增加而升高;V的氧化量随CO2含量的增加而降低,其中CO2含量为20%与纯O2对C、V的氧化量接近;纯O2喷吹时C的氧化量为34.56%,V的氧化量为96.85%;CO2含量为20%混合气体喷吹时C的氧化量为36.83%,V的氧化量为93.29%;以V的相对氧化量与C的相对氧化量的比值(ΔV/ΔC)来衡量提钒保碳能力,CO2含量为20%的最终ΔV/ΔC为5.96,CO2含量,40%、60%、80%的最终ΔV/ΔC均小于3.8;反应前期,V的氧化速率随CO2含量的增加而升高,反应后期V的氧化速率随CO2含量的增加而降低。     

灰色残差GM(1,1)模型在大气二氧化硫预测中的应用

应用灰色GM（1，1）模式理论与方法，建立了临安市大气二氧化硫质量浓度的灰色残差预测方程x(t 1)=-0.107432e^-0.095872 0.123917，并进行了预测，预测结果与实测值的相对误差绝对值介于0.56%－14.51%之间，预测结果后验比与小误差概率分别为0.2802和1.0。表明模型与实测值拟合程度好，达到了较高精度，表3参10。     

Growth and physiological responses of growing pigs to wheat–corn distillers dried grains with solubles

Gaining a detailed knowledge on the impact of a feedstuff on pig growth and physiological responses is critical for its effective utilization. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of distillers dried grains with solubles derived from co‐fermentation of wheat and corn (wcDDGS) on performance, carcass and visceral organ weights, whole‐body O₂ consumption and heat production (HP) in growing barrows. The experimental diets were as follows: corn–soybean meal diet (Control), Control + 15% wcDDGS and Control + 30% wcDDGS. In Exp. 1, 48 pair‐housed pigs of average BW 18.6 ± 1.5 kg (mean ± SD) were allotted to the 3 diets (n = 8). Pigs had free access to water and feed for a 28‐day period during which ADG and ADFI were calculated weekly. Thereafter, 1 pig/pen was killed to measure carcass and visceral organ weights. Overall, wcDDGS linearly decreased (p < 0.05) ADFI and ADG but had no effect on G:F (p > 0.10). The ADFI was 1.55, 1.45 and 1.36 kg/day for diets containing 0, 15 and 30% wcDDGS respectively; corresponding values for ADG were 0.79, 0.75 and 0.67 kg/day respectively. A linear decline (p = 0.01) in eviscerated hot carcass weight was observed as dietary wcDDGS increased. In Exp. 2, 18 pigs of average BW 20.4 ± 2.4 kg (mean ± SD) were individually housed in metabolism crates and fed the 3 diets (n = 6) at 550 kcal ME kg BW^?0.60day for a 16‐day period followed by measurement of O₂ consumption using an indirect calorimeter. Diet had no effect (p > 0.10) on whole‐body O₂ consumption and HP. In conclusion, increasing wcDDGS content in growing pig diets linearly reduced ADFI, ADG and eviscerated hot carcass weight but had no effect on G:F, visceral organ weights or HP.     

Soil CO2 and N2O Emissions in Maize Growing Season Under Different Fertilizer Regimes in an Upland Red Soil Region of South China

Upland red soils have been identified as major CO2 and N2O sources induced by human activities such as fertilization. To monitor characteristics of soil surface CO2 and N2O fluxes in cropland ecosystems after continuous fertilizer applications over decades and to separate the respective contributions of root and heterotrophic respiration to the total soil CO2 and N2O fluxes, the measurements of soil surface CO2 and N2O fluxes throughout the maize growing season in 2009 were carried out based on a fertilization experiment （from 1990） through of the maize （Zea mays L.） growing season in red soil in southern China. Five fertilization treatments were chosen from the experiment for study： zero-fertilizer application （CK）, nitrogen-phosphorus- potassium （NPK） fertilizer application only, pig manure （M）, NPK plus pig manure （NPKM） and NPK with straw （NPKS）. Six chambers were installed in each plot. Three of them are in the inter-row soil （NR） and the others are in the soil within the row （R）. Each fertilizer treatment received the same amount of N （300 kg ha-1 yr-1）. Results showed that cumulative soil CO2 fluxes in NR or R were both following the order： NPKS〉M, NPKM〉NPK〉CK. The contributions of root respiration to soil CO2 fluxes was 40, 44, 50, 47 and 35% in CK, NPK, NPKM, M and NPKS treatments, respectively, with the mean value of 43%. Cumulative soil N2O fluxes in NR or R were both following the order： NPKS, NPKM〉M〉NPK〉CK, and soil N2O fluxes in R were 18, 20 and 30% higher than that in NR in NPKM, M and NPKS treatments, respectively, but with no difference between NR and R in NPK treatment. Furthermore, combine with soil temperature at -5 cm depth and soil moisWxe （0-20 cm） together could explain 55-70% and 42-59% of soil CO2 and N2O emissions with root interference and 62- 78% and 44-63% of that without root interference, respectively. In addition, soil CO2 and N2O flUXeS per unit yield in NPKM （0.55 and 0.10 kg C t^-1） and M （0.65 and 0.13 g N t^-1） treatments were lower than those in other treatments. Therefore, manure application could be a preferred fertilization strategy in red soils in South China.     

北方绿化树种抗二氧化硫污染的研究

通过污染区实地测定和实验室的控制试验相结合,先后对(?)阳地区常见的几十种绿化树木叶片 pH 值及与其有关的生理性状—pH 值、等电点及酸碱缓冲量,进行了大样本的多次重复测定,并对部分数据进行了统计分析。结果表明:树木叶片的 pH 值高、对 SC_2污染抗性强。阔叶树由于比针叶树具有较高的 pH 值,而表现较强的抗性。SO_2胁迫后的叶片 pH 值变幅小,抗性强。叶片 pH 值与吸硫量之间相关不显著。在一定的 pH 值范围内.酸碱缓冲容量较大的有增强抗性的作用。叶片 pH 值与等电点的差值与抗性呈正相关。     

离子溅射银对光电协同灭青霉菌的影响

为解决果蔬采后易受微生物作用而腐败变质的问题,该文进行了纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)光催化技术灭活园艺产品冷藏环境中青霉菌的研究:以活性炭纤维(activated carbon fiber,ACF)为载体,以粉末浸渍-提拉法制备TiO_2-ACF薄膜,采用离子溅射法在ACF薄膜上作贵重金属银沉积处理,研究表面溅射与底层溅射纳米Ag粒子及施以外加电压处理对TiO_2-ACF薄膜光催化灭活青霉菌的影响及机理。结果显示,不同的溅射方式对试验结果有不同的影响,其中底层溅射效果较好,120 s时光催化灭活青霉菌速率最高;外加电压可提高TiO_2-ACF薄膜光催化速率,75 V是最优值,且光电催化作用效果优于单独光催化和电催化的总和。对负载的ACF薄膜表征分析,发现离子溅射较均匀地实现了纳米Ag-TiO_2混合粒子在ACF薄膜的表面及内部负载。研究结果为纳米TiO_2光催化技术在灭活园艺产品冷藏环境中青霉菌的实际应用提供参考。