花生秧、壳在饲料行业中的应用现状

我国是花生（Arachis hypogaea）生产大国,花生秧、壳资源丰富,对花生秧、壳的综合利用不仅可以有效提高该产业的经济效益,而且有益于畜牧业的可持续发展。本研究综述了花生秧、壳的营养特性;探讨了作为一种优质的粗饲料来源,花生秧与甘薯（Ipomoea batatas）、玉米(Zea mays)秸秆等混合青贮的模式;以及花生壳作为膳食纤维、着色剂及抗氧化剂源等在饲料行业中的综合应用现状,旨在为合理有效地利用花生资源提供理论参考。     

Fat-Tailed Sheep Traits as Affected by Docking

The literature mostly indicates that docking fat-tailed lambs initially reduces growth but that post-weaning growth and feed conversion efficiency then increase. The amount of fat deposited, the total separable lean meat to fat ratio and the meat quality all increase, while the percentage of bone in the carcase either decreases or does not change in the carcases of the docked lambs. Wool growth and characteristics are, in general, not affected and reproductive traits in ewes and lambs are improved by docking. The rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate are decreased following docking. The concentrations of immunoreactive beta-endorphin and cortisol in the plasma and the incidence of foot stamping and restlessness, as indicators of stress, increase after docking. Other constituents of the blood are not significantly altered following docking or by the methods of docking. Docking of fat-tailed sheep using rubber rings at one day of age can be recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

植物氮同位素组成与其影响因子的关系研究进展

植物氮同位素组成(δ¹⁵N)能够综合反映氮循环特征,研究植物δ¹⁵N与其影响因子的关系,有助于理解气候变化对生态系统氮循环的影响。通过概述菌根类型、叶片N含量、氮源、温度、降水、大气CO₂浓度、土壤N有效性等生物和非生物因素对植物氮同位素组成(δ¹⁵N)的影响以及植物δ¹⁵N随海拔的变化趋势,指出目前研究中存在的不足,提出在群落水平上,采用野外调查和控制试验相结合的方法,研究环境因素(尤其是大气CO₂浓度)对植物δ¹⁵N的影响规律及机理将是今后该领域的研究重点。     

Impact of MYOD family genes on pork traits in Large White and Landrace pigs

Summary Porcine myogenic differentiation genes ( MYOD ) family play a key role in growth and muscle development and are therefore considered as candidate genes for meat production traits. The objective of the study was to investigate the polymorphisms at four loci belonging to the MYOD genes family and analyse their associations with variation in meat production traits in Czech pig breeds. To verify the associations between the polymorphisms and the selected meat traits, altogether 254 pigs, including full- and half-sibs, of Large White and Landrace breeds were tested. The studied meat characteristics were weight of neck, loin, shoulder and ham, lean meat content (LMC), backfat thickness, intramuscular fat (IMF), remission, dry matter content and test daily gain. Statistically significant associations were observed between MYOG gene and fat and neck weight, and between MYF5 gene and IMF and LMC. High significant differences were observed between genotypes AA and AB of MYOD1 in IMF and between genotypes AB and BB of MYF5 in loin weight.     

中链脂肪酸的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用研究进展

中链脂肪酸(MCFAs)是一类含有6～12个碳原子的饱和脂肪酸.除了作为能源物质之外,MCFAs还具有改善肠道形态结构、提高动物生长性能、防治疾病、调节免疫以及抗菌等功能,因此具有作为抗生素替代品的潜力.本文简述了MCFAs的生物学功能和作用机制,并综述了其在动物生产中的应用研究进展,以期为MCFAs在畜牧业生产中应用...     

An investigation into reduced milk production following dietary alteration on an Irish dairy farm

A nutritional evaluation of an Irish dairy herd indicated gross overfeeding of late lactation cows, over-conditioning of cows at parturition and a high rate of body condition loss in early lactation. Metabolisable-energy based nutritional modelling software was used to guide recommended dietary changes to prevent excessive condition gain in late lactation. Immediately following the implementation of the changes there was an unexpected reduction in performance affecting both milk yield and protein concentration. An investigation into the poor performance revealed underestimation of peak milk yield; over-estimation of maize silage quality; a large difference in the concentrate being fed compared to the concentrate recommended, and failure of the blend of concentrate ingredients to maintain the intended proportions in the in-parlour feeding system. The estimated maximum cumulative effect of these errors was to cause undersupply of energy and protein in the recommended diet of 16% and 3% respectively to cows in early lactation. Use of a net-energy nutritional model would have indicated a requirement for a higher energy supply in this case. This report highlights the challenges in obtaining accurate on-farm data for use in dairy cow nutritional models.     

纳罗克非洲狗尾草种子生产技术研究概况

从施肥、刈割、植物生长调节剂、收获时间等方面论述了纳罗克非洲狗尾草种子生产的主要环节,提出了增加种子产量的关键措施。     

不同氮效率紫花苜蓿叶特征及其产量效应研究

为探讨不同氮效率紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)叶特征差异及其对产量的影响,本研究采用田间小区试验,设4个不同氮效率紫花苜蓿品种('LW6010'、'甘农3号'、'甘农7号'和'陇东苜蓿')和2个施氮处理(0,103.5 kg·hm-2),对比研究不同氮效率紫花苜蓿的叶特征及其生产性能,并采用通径分析法探讨叶...     

锌对几种淋巴类细胞生长和功能影响的研究

本文研究比较了锌和螯合剂ＥＤＴＡ对淋巴类细胞株ＰＤｃ－Ｂ－１、Ｊｕｒｋａｔ、ＢｏＬｃＬ、６Ｃ９和奶牛ＰＢＭＣ增殖及功能的影响。除奶牛ＰＢＭＣ之外，锌对各株细胞的增殖和功能均无促进作用，在浓度为１０￣１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时有明显抑制甚至毒性作用。ＥＤＴＡ对各株细胞的增殖只有抑制作用，在同一浓度时对杂交瘤细胞增殖和抗体分泌的抑制作用基本一致，而对ＰＢＭＣ增殖和Ｉｇ分泌程度不同的抑制作用，是因为不同功能的     

短周期间歇光照对肉用仔鸡生产性能的影响

在７日龄时,肉服仔鸡由接近全日制光照改变为１ｈ光照,３ｈ黑暗的短周期简歇光照。结果表明,短周期间歇光照的肉仔鸡饲料报酬和饲料利用率提高,氮平衡试验表明,增加肉用仔鸡的光周期,粪氮分泌量减少,饲料氮在鸡体内的沉积增加,而饲料氮的摄入量并未增加,因而使得饲料氮的利用率和到提高。