UHPLC-Q/TOF MS结合HPLC-DAD定性和定量分析硫酸黏菌素可溶性粉中的未知添加物

定性和定量分析一批兽药硫酸黏菌素可溶性粉中的未知添加物。照《中国兽药典》2010年版一部对该批检品用微生物检定法进行含量测定时,发现该样品的抑菌圈为虚圈,用薄层色谱鉴别该样品,未显示与标准品溶液一致的主斑点,怀疑该样品中有处方外非法添加物。采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱(UHPLC-Q/TOF MS)对该样品进行筛查,发现疑似添加物,并使用液相色谱-二极管阵列检测(HPLC-DAD)法进行了双重确证和含量测定。该样品中非法添加物确证为磺胺氯达嗪和甲氧苄啶,添加量分别为58.5 mg/g和13.4 mg/g。本研究通过建立筛查方法为监管部门提供技术支撑,通过分析非法添加物的可能原因为打击兽药处方外非法添加提供了思路。     

三菌混合固态发酵苹果渣产复合酶的研究

利用实验室保藏的多株菌种,对苹果渣进行三元混菌固态发酵产复合酶。以纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、果胶酶活性大小为测定指标,对筛选出单菌活性较高的菌株,按照1:1:1进行3种菌混合发酵,确定混菌后效果较好的3种菌。考虑到试验因素之间的交互作用,以3种菌的接种比例及接种时间间隔作为试验因素,通过正交表交互作用设计试验及分析,确定3种菌混合活性最佳时间间隔为菌种#1、#2、#3同时接种;接种#1体积1ml、接种#2体积2ml、接种#3体积1ml。混菌后酶活性比3种单菌的酶活分别提高了10.9%、2%、20%,达到了优化的目的。     

DIPHOSPHONATE TREATMENT OF A PRIMARY OSTEOSARCOMA IN A DOG: A CASE REPORT

The following sequence of treatments was administered to a Saint Bernard dog with a primary distal right radius osteosarcoma: 54 days of daily disodium 1-hydroxyethylidenediphosphonate (HEDP) subcutaneous injections; 53 days of HEDP per os ; one ³²P-HEDP intravenous injection. During the pretreatment period, there was an extensive increase in calcific tumor growth and osteoblastic proliferation. After the subcutaneous HEDP treatment, almost complete tumor necrosis was seen. After the oral HEDP treatment, only the deepest tumor portion contained active osteoblasts, calcific growth of the tumor was completely blocked, and uptake of ^99mTc-Sn-HEDP was reduced to one fourth of the pretreatment uptake. After a single ³²P-HEDP dose, large areas of tumor necrosis were evident histopathologically. However, subsequent resumption of cellular activity occurred in the tumor, and the uptake of ^99mTc-Sn-HEDP increased to pretreatment values. These data suggest that systemically administered HEDP should be studied further for its possible therapeutic potential in the treatment of osteosarcoma and indicate a need for further study of ³²P-HEDP or possibly ³³P-HEDP.     

猪丹毒和猪肺疫混合感染综合诊治

疫病一直是生猪养殖中影响猪群健康的重要因素,受到疾病影响的猪群会给养殖户带来巨大的经济损失,严重阻碍养殖业的发展。该文将简要概述猪丹毒和猪肺疫的病理状况,分析猪丹毒和猪肺疫混合感染的发病特征和临床症状,并研究综合诊治猪丹毒和猪肺疫混合感染的方法,降低猪丹毒和猪肺疫混合感染对生猪养殖的影响。     

Impact of two types of complete pelleted,wild ungulate feeds and two pelleted feed to hay ratios on the development of urolithogenic compounds in meat goats as a model for giraffes

Urolith formation has been documented in giraffes and goats. As research in giraffes poses logistical challenges, 16 buck goats were used as a model. The impact of two commercially available, pelleted feeds used for giraffes, ADF‐16 and Wild Herbivore (WH), as well as the impact of alfalfa hay and pellet proportions (20% hay:80% pellets, 80P or 80% hay:20% pellet, 20P) on the formation of urolithogenic precursors in goat urine was accomplished in a 2 × 2 factorial balance study. Complete diets contained 0.60, 0.32, 0.35 and 0.26% phosphorus (P) with calcium:P ratios of 1.60, 4.16, 3.06 and 5.23, for 80P‐ADF‐16, 20P‐ADF‐16, 80P‐WH and 20P‐WH respectively. Total faeces and urine were collected over two 5‐day periods to assess N and mineral balance. Fresh urine samples were collected and evaluated microscopically for urolithic crystal content. Urinary nitrogen (N) was lower and N retention was higher in goats fed 80P diets (p < 0.05). Intake of P was greatest for goats fed 80P‐ADF‐16; however, urinary P excretion and P retention were not affected by treatment. Crystal scores were higher in animals receiving 80P diets (p = 0.08), with crystals being composed predominantly of calcium phosphate. Urine pH was alkaline (>8) for all treatments. Urinary P concentration, a risk factor for urolithiasis, was highest (p ≤ 0.06) in the 80P‐ADF‐16 treatment (0.38 vs. 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 mg/dl for 20P‐ADF‐16, 80P‐WH and 20P‐WH respectively), reflecting its highest dietary P level. Further investigation is recommended to determine the long‐term effects of these diets on urolithogenic compound formation.     

我国苜蓿产业过去10年发展成就与未来10年发展重点

纵观我国苜蓿(Medicago sativa)60多年的发展历程,可分为5个阶段。近十几年,随着苜蓿的社会地位和作用不断提高与增强,苜蓿科技驱动力亦不断提升,产业结构不断明晰,种植面积不断扩大,生产加工企业不断涌现;同时,苜蓿供需矛盾也在持续加剧,科技创新不足的压力与日俱增,资源约束的压力越来越大,生态安全的压力明显增强,苜蓿界面耦合的压力日趋明显;今后应着力提升苜蓿持续发展的战略地位,强化苜蓿科技创新、新品种培育和种子产业发展,推进苜蓿产业现代化发展进程,提升苜蓿-奶牛一体化发展水平,大力发展苜蓿生物技术及其生物经济。     

绿洲区苜蓿与鸭茅混播饲草的青贮发酵品质研究

以苜蓿(Medicago sativa)与鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)混播草地牧草为材料,按照90%苜蓿+10%鸭茅、70%苜蓿+30%鸭茅、50%苜蓿+50%鸭茅的比例进行青贮,通过分析对比发酵品质、营养成分、感官青贮效果等,以期优化最佳混合青贮的豆∶禾比例。试验结果表明:苜蓿和鸭茅混合青贮后,气味、质地、色泽感官评定均为优良,且pH呈下降趋势,青贮效果优于苜蓿和鸭茅的单独青贮。混合青贮降低了苜蓿青贮中氨态氮含量的36.4%,鸭茅青贮中乙酸、丙酸的含量明显下降;提高了苜蓿青贮中乳酸的含量,有效抑制了丁酸的产生,苜蓿+鸭茅饲草混贮比例为7∶3和5∶5处理结果未检测出丁酸。3个混合青贮组合的粗蛋白含量高出鸭茅单贮31.9%,酸性洗涤纤维低于鸭茅青贮12.6%。在青贮发酵过程中,苜蓿+鸭茅以7∶3比例混合青贮,有利于提高青贮饲料的发酵品质。     

皱皮香猪WIF1基因结构变异WIF1-I8-sv889的研究

为探究WIF1（Wnt inhibitory factor 1）基因中WIF1-I8-sv889结构变异位点变异与皱皮香猪躯干被毛形成的关系,本试验采用冰冻组织切片观察皱皮香猪皮肤毛囊的组织学形态,采用PCR方法分析WIF1-I8-sv889位点在猪群中的分布频率,并通过在线软件UCSC、RegRNA 2.0对结构变异序列所含的功能元件进行分析。组织学研究显示,与正常香猪和大白猪皮肤相比,皱皮香猪毛囊毛根鞘伸入真皮层,形成棘突,且皱褶凹陷处毛囊聚集,相反皱褶凸起处毛囊较少;皱皮香猪皮肤毛囊中的毛球宽度显著增大（P<0.05）,单个毛囊中的毛干数极显著增多（P<0.01）。在WIF1-I8-sv889结构变异断点两端设计特异性引物,扩增片段长1383 bp,与参考基因组比,1383 bp中889 bp为结构变异区间,缺失581 bp,倒置308 bp。群体分布结果显示,猪群中WIF1-I8-sv889位点呈现出丰富的多态性,检测到3种基因型：正常的Ⅱ型、杂合的DI型和缺失的DD型,皱皮香猪中未检测到Ⅱ型;与正常香猪和大白猪相比,皱皮香猪中D等位基因占优势（94.44%）;经卡方检验,皱皮香猪D等位基因显著或极显著高于正常香猪和大白猪（P<0.05;P<0.01）。结果提示,WIF1基因中的WIF1-I8-sv889结构变异可能与皱皮香猪毛囊的形态发生有关。     

The Effects of Replacing Dicalcium Phosphate with Busumbu Rock Phosphate on Performance and the Mechanical Properties of Bone in Growing Chicks

Three hundred, day-old broiler chicks, with an average initial weight of 41.8±1.79 g, were used in a 15-day study (10 birds per battery cage) to characterize their performance and fluorine status when dicalcium phosphate (DCP) was replaced by Busumbu rock phosphate (BRP) as the source of phosphorus in the chicks' ration. The treatments comprised a standard ration with BRP replacing 0, 25%, 50%, 75% or 100% of DCP. Replacing DCP with BRP significantly reduced the final weight of the chicks (p<0.01), feed intake (p<0.01), weight gains (p<0.01) and dry matter digestibility (p<0.05) but increased (p<0.05) the feed-to-gain ratio. True phosphorus absorption and the percentage of phosphorus in the tibia were not affected by increasing amounts of BRP in the diet. Increasing levels of BRP in the diet linearly reduced (p<0.01) the percentage bone ash, calcium, Ca:P ratio, ultimate breaking force, bending moment, stress, and modulus of elasticity. Leg stiffness, lameness, reduced feed intake, and a decline in general health were recorded in 10–40% of the chicks on 75% and 100% BRP, respectively. These results suggest that excessive ingestion of fluorine from the BRP caused the reduction in the chicks' performance.     

Pathogen Analysis of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

To investigate the pathogen of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) of a dairy farm in Guangxi, a strain of Mycoplasma and a strain of gram-negative pathogenic bacterium were isolated and identified by the means of field surveys, clinic observation, pathological examination, isolation studies and so on.Treatments were taken according to drug sensitivity test results.The Mycoplasma strain, growing on PPLO medium, formed typical "fried egg" colonies.A 448 bp of oppF fragment was amplified by PCR from the strain and had 98.4% nucleotide identity with Mycoplasma bovis reference isolate PG5 of USA.The biochemical features of the gram-negative bacterial isolate were same with Serratia marcescens.The PCR amplified 16S rDNA of the gram-negative pathogenic bacterium strain was 1 400 bp.It shared 99.0% nucleotide identity with other Serratia marcescens reference strains obtained from GenBank.Animal experiment showed that the gram-negative pathogenic bacterium isolate could cause the mice to die.The drug sensitivity tests showed all isolates were sensitive to spectinomycin, azithromycin, amikacin, gentamicin and neomycin.It was effective to treat with dexamethasone and spectinomycin.Pathogen analysis and drug treatment showed that the BRDC was caused by Mycoplasma bovis and Serratia marcescens.