甜菜nia基因的克隆及不同氮素形态诱导的差异表达

利用同源序列克隆方法从二倍体甜菜品种Ty7中获得氮素诱导nia基因片段,通过RACE技术克隆nia基因全长序列,该基因ORF长度2 718 bp,编码905个氨基酸,并已在GenBank上登录(EU163265),基因组中nia以低拷贝数存在。nia编码蛋白的等电点为6.12,推测分子量为102 kD,以NADH为电子供体。为揭示不同氮素形态和处理对甜菜nia基因表达的影响,采用半定量PCR方法检测不同氮素形态诱导nia基因mRNA的表达,同时测定酶活力。结果表明,当铵态氮诱导nia基因时,低浓度的铵离子能促进基因的表达,过高浓度的铵离子抑制基因的表达。当硝态氮诱导nia基因时,随处理浓度的增加,nia的表达加强,呈正相关关系。用30 mmol L^–1硝态氮诱导4 h后,nia基因表达达最高值,约在6 h后,表达明显下降。     

Regulatory role of l-proline in fetal pig growth and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation

l-proline (Pro) is a precursor of ornithine, which is converted into polyamines via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Polyamines plays a key role in the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. The study investigated the effect of Pro on polyamine metabolism and cell proliferation on porcine enterocytes in vivo and in vitro. Twenty-four Huanjiang mini-pigs were randomly assigned into 1 of 3 groups and fed a basal diet that contained 0.77% alanine (Ala, iso-nitrogenous control), 1% Pro or 1% Pro + 0.0167% α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) from d 15 to 70 of gestation. The fetal body weight and number of fetuses per litter were determined, and the small and large intestines were obtained on d 70 ± 1.78 of gestation. The in vitro study was performed in intestinal porcine epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells cultured in Dulbecco''s modified Eagle medium-high glucose (DMEM-H) containing 0 μmol/L Pro, 400 μmol/L Pro, or 400 μmol/L Pro + 10 mmol/L DFMO for 4 d. The results showed that maternal dietary supplementation with 1% Pro increased fetal weight; the protein and DNA concentrations of the fetal small intestine; and mRNA levels for potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 1 (Kv1.1) in the fetal small and large intestines (P < 0.05). Supplementing Pro to either gilts or IPEC-J2 cells increased ODC protein abundances and polyamine concentrations in the fetal intestines and IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). In comparison with the Pro group, the combined administration of Pro and DFMO reduced the expression of ODC protein and spermine concentration in the fetal intestine, as well as the concentrations of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the percentage of cells in the S-phase and the mRNA levels of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc were increased in response to Pro supplementation, whereas depletion of cellular polyamines with DFMO increased tumor protein p53 (p53) mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Taken together, dietary supplementation with Pro improved fetal pig growth and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation via enhancing polyamine synthesis.     

连作对新疆绿洲棉田土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响

对新疆绿洲棉田不同连作年限棉花根际土壤微生物数量、酶活性及土壤理化性质进行研究,结果表明:(1)随着连作年限的延长,细菌数量呈现先增加后减少的趋势,真菌数量则一直在增加,放线菌趋势不明显,说明新疆绿洲棉田土壤在连作一定年限后,棉田土壤由细菌型向真菌型转变;(2)脲酶和蛋白酶活性随连作年限增加表现出先增加后减少趋势;蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性与连作年限关系不明显;(3)对微生物数量、土壤酶和土壤理化性质的相关性分析表明,脲酶和蛋白酶与细菌数量呈现良好的正相关性,其中脲酶的相关性最好,呈极显著水平(ρ＜0.01),蛋白酶呈显著水平(ρ＜0.05);土壤酶与放线菌和真菌之间没有明显的相关性;细菌数量与有机质、全氮和速效氮之间呈显著正相关,与总盐含量呈显著负相关.     

Foraging strategies of the external mycelium of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus intraradices and Scutellospora calospora

The responsiveness of the external mycelium of Glomus intraradices and Scutellospora calospora was tested in a multiple-choice experimental system in which mycelium encountered patches amended with nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P), either alone or in combination with a host plant. We hypothesised that only AMF mycelium with sufficient supply of photosynthate from an actively growing host would respond to the amendments provided. Mycelium was allowed to grow either 11 or 21 weeks before we analysed hyphal proliferation in amended patches introduced in mesh bags that were not reached by roots but by foraging mycelium only. Hyphal length, the AMF signature fatty acid 16:1w5, and root colonisation in new host plant seedlings were used to measure AMF growth and resource allocation in the patches. Mycelium from both fungal strains was able to colonise new host roots and sand in all patches but S. calospora was overall more responsive to the amendments than G. intraradices. G. intraradices grew equally into all patches, including the unamended control, whereas S. calospora produced significantly more hyphal length in the patch containing a host plant than in the rest of the patches. Both strains showed lower hyphal growth at the second harvest and mycelium of G. intraradices lost almost entirely its capacity to develop new mycelium in all choices presented. Lipid measurements showed this fungus did not use storage lipids to exploit the patches. S. calospora mycelium had reduced growth and colonisation ability but still showed some growth in the patches at the second harvest. A reduction in the content of NLFA 16:1w5 from the first to the second harvest suggested that S. calospora mycelium likely used storage lipids to sustain proliferation in the patches. The results indicated that S. calospora was more active and used more resources for foraging than G. intraradices and that external mycelium foraging was maintained mainly with recently acquired plant carbon (C). This supported in general our hypothesis but showed as well that the two AMF strains had different strategies and resource allocation to forage. The overall low response of both AMF to the choices presented suggested that the responsiveness of mycelium searching freely in the substrate is lower than that observed in experimental systems in which the amendments have been placed in close contact with actively growing mycelium fronts in close vicinity with host roots.     

施磷量对烤烟体内氮磷钾含量、积累和分配的影响

研究了褐土区不同施磷量对烤烟体内氮、磷、钾含量、积累和分配的影响。结果表明 ,在烤烟生长发育过程中 ,增施磷肥增加了根、茎、叶中磷、钾的含量 ,降低了根和叶中氮的含量 ;同时 ,增施磷肥还增加了根、茎、叶中氮、磷、钾的积累量 ;各生育时期不同处理根、茎、叶中氮、磷、钾含量和积累量的变化规律一致。另外 ,增施磷肥不影响氮、磷、钾在根、茎、叶中的绝对分布量 ,但随磷肥用量增加 ,根中磷的相对分布量增大     

北盘江喀斯特峡谷区不同植被类型的土壤酶活性

土壤酶催化土壤中的一切生物化学反应,对土壤肥力有重要影响(郑文教等,1995),是土壤质量变化中比较敏感的一种生物学指标(李勇,1989),与植被生长密切相关(何腾兵等,2000).     

中药复方制剂对大鼠耐缺氧作用的研究

对大鼠进行不同中药复方的常压耐缺氧效果实验。结果表明:各中药复方和枸杞子均能显著延长大鼠常压缺氧存活时间(P<0.05),其中复方3作用效果最明显(p<0.01)。复方3在提高大鼠缺氧存活时间的同时又能降低血液红细胞和Hb增加率,升高缺氧大鼠血液SOD、GSH-Px活性,降低血清MDA含量。透射电镜观察表明:各中药复方对缺氧心肌具有明显保护作用。提示各中药复方的耐缺氧作用机理之一可能是通过提高SOD、GSH-PX活性增强清除自由基而实现的。     

2个蝴蝶兰品种对低温胁迫的生理响应

以2年生‘绿熊’和‘安娜’蝴蝶兰品种为试验材料,测定其在低温（5 ℃）下处理12、24、48 h后叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、相对电导率、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛等的含量及超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶活性,分析低温胁迫对不同蝴蝶兰品种叶片表观症状、光合特性、抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质含量的影响。结果表明：5 ℃低温胁迫显著降低了‘绿熊’和‘安娜’的净光合速率、气孔导度,并增加了丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖等的含量,相对电导率值及超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶酶活性,并随着处理时间的增加,其变化程度逐渐加深,但‘绿熊’净光合速率降低幅度低于‘安娜’,且其叶片形态、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量显著高于‘安娜’。由于在5 ℃低温条件下,‘绿熊’叶片的表观症状良好,且净光合速率、气孔导度、过氧化氢酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量和可溶性糖含量等显著高于‘安娜’,表明‘绿熊’的抗冷性优于‘安娜’。     

水杨酸对湖北海棠活性氧代谢及超微弱发光的影响

 以50 μg·mL ^{- 1}水杨酸( SA) 喷施湖北海棠(Malus hupehensis Rehd. ) 幼苗, 结果显示: 超氧阴离子O^·₂ 的产生速率在处理后12～48 h明显高于对照, 而在72 h以后明显低于对照; H₂O₂ 含量在水杨酸处理后, 始终高于对照, 并在处理后第12和48小时出现两次峰值。POD活性在处理12 h后逐渐增加,SOD活性则在处理48 h后才有显著的增加, 而CAT在处理后24 h内活性高于对照, 48 h后明显低于对照。SA还明显促进了脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA) 的产生, 也明显促进了叶片的超微弱发光, 超微弱发光值在处理后的120 h内始终高于对照, 但在整个试验过程中超微弱发光的变化趋势与H₂O₂ 含量及O^·₂ 的产生速率的变化趋势明显不同。     

水稻品种对褐飞虱代谢酶的影响

用水稻敏感品种TNl和具有不同抗性基因的品种Mudgo,ASD7和Rathu Heenati饲养稻褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)，研究不同品种对褐飞虱体内酯酶、谷胱甘肽转移酶和多功能氧化酶氧—脱甲基活性的影响。结果表明，褐飞虱在3种抗性品种上饲养一代后，其酯酶活性与敏感品种上的试虫相比没有显差异。然而，取食Mudgo和ASD7的雌成虫之间酯酶活性达到显性差异；取食Mudgo和Ruthu Heenati的雄成虫酯酶的Km值分别为取食TNl的2．78和2．58倍。褐飞虱体内酯酶活性还因其生物型的不同而异。对褐飞虱生物型1和生物型2个酯酶活力分布的测定结果表明，生物型2的雌、雄成虫酯酶活性均显低于生物型1的。研究还表明，在ASD7与Rathu Heenati上饲养一代后，褐飞虱雌、雄成虫GST的活性显高于取食TNl和Mudgo的个体，但抗性品种对褐飞虱成虫的多功能氧化酶氧—脱甲基活性没有明显影响。因此，水稻品种对褐飞虱代谢酶的影响因品种的特性，代谢酶的类型，甚至褐飞虱的性别而异。中对其可能的机制进行了探讨。