The effect of different food types and rations on the liver and muscle of cod (Gadus morhua L.)

In a short time feeding experiment it was shown that the liver weight of cod was significantly reduced in prawn-fed cod compared to sand-eel-fed cod. The dry weight and the protein content of the muscle were not significantly reduced. It is concluded that short time energy deprivation of cod primarily affects the liver. The results futher support the view that the food type and ration of cod can produce anomalous effects in field studies of e.g. parasite induced liver weight decrease in cod.     

A retrospective analysis of radiation therapy for the treatment of feline vaccine‐associated sarcoma*

We retrospectively evaluated predictive prognostic factors in 73 cats with vaccine‐associated sarcoma given postsurgical curative (n = 46, most with clean margins) or coarse fractionated radiotherapy (n = 27, most with either macroscopic disease or dirty margins). The former animals displayed a median survival of 43 months and a median progression free interval (PFI) of 37 months, the latter reached a median survival of 24 months and a median PFI of 10 months. In cats undergoing coarse fractionated therapy, factors predictive of a better outcome included lack of visible mass (n = 10) as opposed to macroscopic disease (n = 17, survival: 30 versus 7 months, P = 0.025; PFI: 20 versus 4 months, P = 0.01), adjuvant chemotherapy for gross disease (n = 5/17, survival: 29 versus 5 months, P = 0.04) and a smaller number of surgeries preceding radiation therapy (coeff = 0.41, P = 0.03). The Ki67 index was not predictive for survival. We concluded that postsurgical curative and coarse fractionated radiotherapy are effective legitimate options for managing vaccine‐associated sarcomas.     

钙和维生素D3对肉仔鸡肉品质和血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加高水平的钙和维生素D3对AA肉仔鸡肉品质和血液生化指标的影响。试验采用2×2完全随机因子设计,选用240只21日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分成4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只。试验期为28 d。玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中含钙0.90%、维生素D3 750 IU/kg,日粮中共设两个钙水平(0.9%,1.15%)和两个维生素D3水平(750、5000 IU/kg)。结果表明:(1)在AA肉仔鸡饲粮中单独添加1.15%的钙对肌肉嫩度影响显著(P<0.05),5000 IU/kg维生素D3对肌肉嫩度影响不显著(P>0.05),同时添加钙和维生素D3的互作效应对肌肉嫩度影响显著(P<0.05);(2)1.15%的钙显著降低胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白的含量(P<0.05),显著升高了高密度脂蛋白的含量(P<0.05);(3)单独添加5000 IU/kg维生素D3显著降低了低密度脂蛋白的含量(P<0.05)。以上研究结果表明,玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中长期添加1.15%钙和5000IU/kg维生素D3能够减小肌肉剪切力,降低血液中总胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量,从而提高肉品质。     

黄伞菌丝体碳氮源营养的研究

在碳源含量为1%、氮源含量为0.2%的培养基上,采用PDA平板固体培养方法,研究了黄伞对碳源、氮源的利用.试验结果表明,最适宜的碳源为葡萄糖,最适宜的氮源为蛋白胨、牛肉膏.黄伞菌丝营养对双糖、多糖的利用比单糖差,黄伞菌丝营养对有机氮的利用比无机氮强.     

天然植物制剂“开口健”对小鼠淋巴细胞功能及营养生长因子的影响

目的：探讨口服＂开口健＂对小鼠淋巴细胞功能以及营养生长因子的影响。方法：36只ICR小鼠随机分为4组,即生理盐水组＂,开口健＂低、中、高剂量组。给小鼠连续灌胃10 d后,用MTT法检测淋巴细胞刺激指数,RT-PCR方法检测ConA刺激后淋巴细胞产生的IL-4、IL-10、IL-12和INF-γmRNA水平,ELISA方法检测小鼠血清胰岛素样生长因子（IGF-1）和生长激素释放肽（Ghrelin）水平。结果：口服＂开口健＂小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞SI显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）,并随＂开口健＂剂量的增加而升高;口服＂开口健＂小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞产生IL-4、IL-10、IL-12和IFN-γmRNA水平显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。口服＂开口健＂显著提高了小鼠血清的IGF-1和Ghrelin水平（P〈0.05）,且与＂开口健＂剂量呈正相关性。结论：口服＂开口健＂可增强小鼠淋巴细胞功能并提高血清营养生长因子水平。     

Effects of oral administration of Spirulina platensis and probiotics on serum immunity indexes,colonic immune factors,fecal odor,and fecal flora in mice

To evaluate the effects of Spirulina platensis and probiotics on growth, immunity indexes, fecal flora, and fecal odor in mice, 40 mice were randomly allotted to four groups, and each was administrated with nothing, S. platensis, probiotics, or both for 28 days, respectively. Then, many indexes were measured. The results showed that S. platensis was more effective (P < 0.001) than probiotics in improving mice's feed conversion ration (FCR). In immunity, probiotics administration increased (P < 0.042) serum IgE, IgM, IFN-γ, colonic AHR, TLR4, and NF-κB protein expression and decreased (P < 0.039) serum IL-1α, IL-21, IL-22, and colonic ARNT gene expression. However, the S. platensis showed weaker effect, which increased (P < 0.025) the serum IgE, IgM, TNF-α, and the colonic AHR and NF-κB protein expression, and decreased (P < 0.01) serum IL-21. Probiotics consumption decreased the fecal odor by decreasing (P < 0.02) fecal Escherichia coli, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and skatole contents, and the S. platensis decreased (P = 0.04) the IAA. These results indicated that oral administration of probiotics, S. platensis, or both of them in mice probably benefited body's immunity and reduced fecal odor. However, their mechanisms were still unclear and need further study.     

河北省粮—饲平衡发展现状及对策建议

“粮改饲”政策推行以来,通过农业结构调整,实现了奶业振兴。伴随全球新冠肺炎疫情反复发生,粮食安全问题再次进入了公众视野,进而引发一个值得深思的问题：如何在保证粮食安全的前提下,实现草畜平衡,增加肉、蛋、奶市场供给,优化居民膳食营养结构。为此,以河北省为研究对象,深入分析粮食与饲草种植及市场供求。目前来看,河北省粮食种植面积在“红线”以上,饲草生产无法满足省内养殖业需求,同时,城乡居民对肉、蛋、奶的摄入仍未达到膳食营养标准。为优化农业种植结构及居民营养结构,提出推广新型种植模式、加强政策引导、创新生产技术等一系列措施,推动河北省粮—饲平衡发展。     

猪源唾液乳杆菌对生长猪氮表观消化率及血清指标的影响

本研究旨在探讨猪源唾液乳杆菌对生长猪氮表观消化率和血清指标的影响。选用平均体重为(35.22±0.86)kg长×大二元杂交猪81头,随机分成3组,每组3个重复,每个重复9头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.20%、0.40%猪源唾液乳杆菌冻干制剂,试验期为30 d。结果表明:添加0.20%、0.40%的猪源唾液乳杆菌冻干制剂可显著提高生长猪氮表观消化率(P<0.05);与对照组相比,2个试验组猪血清白球比显著降低(P<0.05),尿素氮、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶含量分别比对照组降低了14.77%和13.42%(P<0.05)、16.92%和20.0%(P<0.05)、28.96%和23.00%(P<0.01),但2个试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示,日粮中添加猪源唾液乳杆菌能够提高生长猪氮表观消化率,改善血清指标,减少应激,且以添加剂量为0.20%时效果最好。     

西北旱区喷灌条件下紫花苜蓿生长特征与品质指标的关系

西北旱区由于独特的气候条件,生产的苜蓿干草品质好,产量高。如何根据苜蓿的田间指标估测干草品质参数,对于苜蓿草产品生产销售具有重要意义。研究在喷灌条件下不同灌溉量对紫花苜蓿的生长品质的影响,并利用生长指标对紫花苜蓿的品质进行预测。试验于2014至2015年于中国农业大学石羊河流域生态节水试验站进行为期2年的田间试验。试验共设3个灌溉处理:A₁灌溉量为100%紫花苜蓿蒸腾蒸散量(ETc),A₂,A₃的灌溉量分别为A₁处理的66%,33%,以及一个不灌溉处理A₄。结果表明,苜蓿生长指标如株高(H)和茎叶比(SLR)随生育期的推进呈上升趋势,而鲜干比(FDR)呈下降趋势;所有生长指标随着灌溉量的减少均呈下降趋势。在品质方面,随着生育期的推进,所有处理的粗蛋白(CP)呈下降趋势,而中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)则呈现上升趋势;随着灌溉量的降低,NDF与ADF呈下降趋势,而CP则呈上升趋势。各生长指标与品质指标的拟合结果表明,H和SLR均与各品质指标显著线性相关(P<0.001),且H与品质拟合结果相关系数最高(R²>0.900),而FDR则与各品质指标不显著。这些结果表明,在田间管理较好,长势良好,杂草与病虫害发生较少的情况下,可以用株高对苜蓿干草品质做出预测。     

冷环境中解偶联蛋白对动物体温的调节作用

解偶联蛋白属线粒体内膜载体蛋白,存在动物体的棕色脂肪组织（brown adipose tissue,BAT）、白色脂肪组织（white adipose tissue,WAT）、骨胳肌以及各种器官中。这些组织器官是哺乳动物及禽类非颤抖产热（NST）及其它产热作用的主要点位,对动物的体温维持和能量平衡调节起重要作用。