放牧和氮添加对半干旱沙质草地优势种糙隐子草及群落功能性状的影响

为探究氮沉降背景下放牧对半干旱沙质草地植物功能性状的影响,本试验探究了放牧和短期氮添加(20 g·m-2·a-1)对半干旱沙质草地优势种糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)和群落功能性状的影响.结果表明:放牧和氮添加增加了糙隐子草的重要值,放牧降低了糙隐子草叶面积,氮添加显著降低了围封草地中糙隐子草...     

反刍动物小肽的生理特征与营养研究进展

小肽是动物降解蛋白质过程中产生的中间产物,蛋白质在动物消化道内降解成游离氨基酸和小肽后被吸收。大量试验结果表明,反刍动物以肽吸收为主要形式,并且其在氨基酸消化、吸收和降解中起着重要作用。作者对小肽生理特征及营养等方面的研究现状进行了综述。     

燕麦间作箭筈豌豆效应对后作产量的影响

2006-2007年,对燕麦(Avena sativa L.)与箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)不同间作比例下的产量和氮素营养特点进行研究。结果表明:间作对燕麦产量的影响极显著(P<0.01),对箭筈豌豆产草量影响较小:燕麦与箭筈豌豆按3:1间作土地当量比大于1,具有明显产量优势(P<0.05),2006和2007年间作燕麦产量分别比单作提高12.2%和16.8%;燕麦植株的含量氮提高了1.6%~6.8%;间作后茬复种燕麦产量极显著高于连作(P<0.01),其产量是连作燕麦的1.1~1.5倍,但处理间差异不显著。说明燕麦与箭筈豌豆间作,可改善土壤肥力,为后茬作物生产提供养分基础。     

槲皮素对PEDV感染幼龄仔猪的生长性能、血液生化指标和肠道吸收与屏障功能的影响

【目的】 试验旨在探讨槲皮素在防治仔猪感染猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）中的作用。【方法】 选取18头体重相近、健康的7日龄仔猪（杜×长×大）,随机分为3组（对照组、PEDV组和PEDV+槲皮素组）,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,试验期共11 d。经过3 d适应期后,于试验第4~10天给PEDV+槲皮素组仔猪口腔灌服10 mg/kg BW的槲皮素,其他组仔猪口腔灌服等体积的人工乳,于试验第8天给PEDV组与PEDV+槲皮素组仔猪口腔灌服1×10^4.5TCID₅₀的PEDV,对照组灌服等体积的PBS溶液。试验第11天早上空腹称重,全部仔猪灌服D-木糖（0.1 g/kg BW）,1 h后经前腔静脉采血,检测血液生化指标、血浆二胺氧化酶（DAO）活性和D-木糖含量;将所有仔猪屠宰取空肠黏膜,检测肠道屏障相关基因,包括肠绒毛蛋白（villin）,紧密连接蛋白-1（claudin-1）,闭合蛋白（occludin）和肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白（iFABP）的相对表达量。【结果】 与对照组相比,PEDV组仔猪平均日增重显著下降（P<0.05）,粪便评分显著升高（P<0.05）;血液中高密度脂蛋白含量显著降低（P<0.05）,肌酐和尿素氮的含量显著提高（P<0.05）;血浆中D-木糖含量显著降低（P<0.05）;空肠claudin-1、iFABP基因的相对表达量显著下调（P<0.05）。与PEDV组相比,PEDV+槲皮素组仔猪平均日增重和血浆D-木糖含量显著升高（P<0.05）;血液中肌酐和尿素氮的含量显著降低（P<0.05）;空肠claudin-1、villin和iFABP基因的相对表达量显著上调（P<0.05）。【结论】 10 mg/kg BW槲皮素可在一定程度上缓解PEDV感染导致的仔猪生长抑制和肾功能损伤,增强肠道吸收与屏障功能。     

禾草内生固氮菌的研究现状及应用前景

植物内生固氮菌是一类重要的固氮微生物资源,其潜在的可开发利用价值越来越受重视。本文综述了禾草内生固氮菌的研究动态、种质资源多样性、侵染途径、定殖方式、作用机理及发展前景,以期为内生固氮菌的进一步开发探究提供参考。     

植被光合有效辐射吸收分量及最大光能利用率算法的改进

植被冠层对入射光有效辐射的吸收系数 (FPAR) 和最大光能利用率是NPP模拟的重要参数。利用光量子仪实测了典型草原植被类型关键生育期光合有效辐射值,根据NDVI与FPAR之间的良好相关性,建立了2个FAPR估算模型。结果表明,实测的FPAR值与模型估算的FPAR之间的相关性均达到极显著水平,2个模型的估测值之间没有显著性差异。因此,本研究中采取求均值后计算了我国草原的FPAR,并与NASA-FPAR产品进行了嵌套和互补,形成全国完整的草原FPAR空间分布图。同时,基于归一化植被指数和叶面积指数,以中国草原18大类分类结果为基础单元,对中国草原18大类的最大光能利用率进行调整,调整后的最大光能利用率输入NPP模型后,改善了NPP估算精度,在大类尺度上,总体预测精度为85.71%。     

饲料添加砷制剂对小鼠铁吸收的影响

为探讨饲料中添加砷制剂对小鼠铁吸收的影响,45只小鼠被随机分为3组,各组在基础日粮中分别添加0,40,80mg／kg砷（以洛克沙胂形式）,试验期30d。试验结束后,收取各组粪便和组织器官测定铁含量。结果显示,与对照组相比,40mg／kg砷组铁表观吸收率提高14．57％,80mg／kg砷组铁表观吸收率则降低了14．93％;40mg／kg砷组小鼠肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、小肠和腿肌铁含量显著升高（P〈O．05）,80mg／kg砷组则显著降低（P〈O．05）;但两组分别于停砷后5,7d,组织器官铁恢复正常水平。这表明40mg／kg砷水平可促进铁的吸收,相反80mg／kg砷水平则抑制铁的吸收。     

Potential role of N-carbamoyl glutamate in biosynthesis of arginine and its significance in production of ruminant animals

Arginine （ARG） exerts many beneficial effects on animal body and enhanced angiogenesis, lactogenesis, which finally leads to the improvement in nitrogen （N） metabolism, reproduction, lactation, immunity and growth. Unfortunately, unprotected ARG will be degraded in the rumen and its price is high, thus feeding rumen-protected ARG seems to be uneconomical. Alternatively, N-carbamoyl glutamate （NCG） is structural analogue of N-acetyl glutamate, cofactor of cabamoyl phosphate synthetasel, is lower in rumen degradation compared to ARG. Additionally, rumen epithelial and duodenal cells have potentially utilized the NCG for ureagenesis. Supplementation of NCG to high yielding dairy cows increased plasma concentration of ARG and nitric oxide, decreased the plasma ammonia N and improved lactation performance and N utilization. Supplementation of NCG enhanced pregnancy rates in rats, improved litter size and fetal survival rate, thereby improved the reproductive performance of sows. Oral NCG supplementation increases plasma ARG and somatotropin levels, and increased growth rate and muscle protein synthesis in nursing piglets. The NCG is potential a relatively cheaper source of feed additive to offer vital compensation over oral administration of ARG, resulting in improved ruminant animal health and production. In this article, we reviewed the mechanism of AfiG biosynthesis by NCG and their significance in growth, reproduction, milk production and N utilization in ruminant animals.     

小麦水分和装满度对磷化氢吸附率的影响

在小麦含水量分别为9.3%、12.6%和14.4%,装满度分别为100%、70%、50%、30%和0%,气体浓度为100mL/m3和400mL/m3的条件下,测定小麦对磷化氢的吸附率,结果表明小麦对磷化氢的吸附率随着粮食水分增加,磷化氢浓度和装满度增大有不同程度增加.在药量较大的施药初期和装满度大时,检测到的磷化氢浓度高于设定浓度,磷化氢浓度、小麦水分和装满度较低时,小麦对磷化氢的吸附较容易达到平衡.     

Differential phytotoxicity of glyphosate in maize seedlings following applications to roots or shoot

The transport and differential phytotoxicity of glyphosate was investigated in maize seedlings following application of the herbicide to either roots or shoots. One-leaf maize seedlings (Zea mays L.) were maintained in graduated cylinders (250 mL) containing nutrient solution. Half of the test plants were placed in cylinders (100 mL) containing different ¹⁴C-glyphosate concentrations; the remainder received foliar appliation of ¹⁴C-glyphosate. After 26 h, the roots and the treated leaves were washed with distilled water, and the plants placed again in cylinders (250 mL) containing fresh nutrient solution for 5 days. Plants were weighed, and split into root, seed, cotyledon, coleoptile, mesocotyl, first leaf and apex. The recovery of ¹⁴C-glyphosate was over 86%. For both application treatments, the shoot apex was the major sink of the mobilized glyphosate (47.9 ± 2.93% for root absorption and 45.8 ± 2.91% for foliar absorption). Expressed on a tissue fresh weight basis, approximately 0.26 μg a.e. g⁻¹ of glyphosate in the apex produced a 50% reduction of plant fresh weight (ED₅₀) when the herbicide was applied to the root. However, the ED₅₀ following foliar absorption was only 0.042 μg a.e. g⁻¹ in the apex, thus maize seedlings were much more sensitive to foliar application of the herbicide.