Comparison of Ni/Zn Accumulation Ability of Thlaspi japonicum from Three Different Areas in Hokkaido

Thlaspi japonicum is a Japanese Ni-hyperaccumulator plant growing in areas with serpentine soil containing a high level of Ni. In the present study, we investigated the ability of wild Thlaspi japonicum plants inhabiting non-ultramafic soil areas of Hokkaido to accumulate Ni/Zn. Wild T. japonicum plants growing on Rebun Island (Rebun-T) accumulated small amounts of Ni, while the plants cultivated on ultramafic rock soil accumulated large amounts of Ni, like T. japonicum growing on Mt. Yubari (Yubari-T), and this change was also observed for T. japonicum growing on Mt. Tengu (Tengu-T). All the T. japonicum plants transplanted on both ultramaflc soil or Andosol accumulated over 100 mg kg⁻¹ Zn, especially the Ni/Zn content of Tengu-T plants tended to be higher than that of the plants growing in the other two areas. In contrast, transplanting of Yubari-T plants from ultramafic soil with a high level of Ni to soil with a lower-Ni content decrease of the Ni concentration in the leaves. Wild Rebun-T plants showed a smaller biomass than the Yubari-T and Tengu-T plants, and some individuals of the Rebun-T population were smaller than those of the other populations, with tiny radical leaves. Zinc content of the small leaves was not significantly different from that in large leaves. These results suggested that T. japonicum plants are able to accumulate high Ni/Zn accumulation, regardless ecotype, habitat and leaf size.     

Ni/Al2O3-MxOy催化剂催化松香氢化反应研究

研究了自制非贵金属纳米催化剂Ni/Al2O3-MxOy催化松香的氢化反应。结果表明,松香氢化的最适工艺条件为:反应温度210℃、反应压力4.5 MPa、反应时间2 h、催化剂用量2.5%、搅拌转速500 r/min,在此条件下枞酸转化率可达98%以上,催化剂可重复使用4次。     

Simultaneous determination of Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) with a single sweep polarography

A new method of simultaneous determining Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) with a single sweep polarography was developed. The experiment condition was studied and the results show that the optimum base solution is that the residue got from evaporating 25 mL mixed solution, 2.5 mL 1.0 mol/L ethylenediamine, 3.0 mL 1.0 mol/L ammonia-ammonium chloride, 5.0 mL 10 % sodium sulfite and 0.5 mL 0.5 % gelatin were mixed and diluted to 25 mL with water. Under the condition of this base solution, the polarography wave shapes of the six cations are ideal and without overlap of the peaks. In this base solution, Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) in synthetic samples were determined with relative errors 0.4–9.4% and relative standard deviations 0.8%-12.2%. Under this experiment condition, one fold of Pb(II), Cr(VI) and Mo(VI) do not interfere with the determination for Cu(II). This method has been used to the simultaneous determination of the amount of the six cations in the samples of soil and Beiqi Tea. The relative standard deviations were 0. l%-2.1% and recoveries were 93.5%-99.0 %.     

镍污染对小麦幼苗矿质营养元素吸收与累积的影响研究

试验研究Ni胁迫对小麦幼苗茎叶中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Ca和Mg营养元素吸收及累积的影响结果表明 ,Ni胁迫下随土壤施Ni量的增加而小麦幼苗生长受抑 ,生物产量下降 ,小麦幼苗Cu、Fe、Ca和Mg累积量呈下降趋势 ,而Zn、Mn累积量呈增加趋势。小麦幼苗 6种营养元素累积率与其累积量的规律较吻合 ,表明作物受Ni毒害与营养元素代谢平衡失调有关     

新乡市污灌土壤中重金属含量及植物质量评价

研究了新乡市污灌土壤受重金属污染的情况,同时对污灌土壤中所种植的蔬菜进行分析、测定.试验结果表明:污灌土壤中的Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr含量在国家标准以内,Ni、Cd含量超标,土壤已明显受到Ni、Cd的污染.按照国家食品卫生标准评价植物体中的重金属污染程度,结果显示:Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn的超标率分别为100%、100%、70%、60%、100%.重金属污染主要表现为Cd和Cr的污染.     

小飞扬草(Euphobia thymifolia L.)对土壤Cr Cd Ni复合污染的反应和积累特征研究

针对目前植物修复中对Cr、Cd、N i复合污染的超富集杂草类植物缺乏的状况,采用盆栽试验方法,研究了小飞扬草(Euphobia thym ifoliaL.)对3种重金属的积累特性以及重金属复合污染对植物生长的影响。结果表明,小飞扬草在低浓度组合下对Cr、Cd、N i的富集系数最大值均>1,分别为1.54、3.93、5.68,且能同时富集Cd、N i,具备了作为超富集植物的特征;3种重金属在小飞扬草内的迁移率大小顺序为Cd>Cr>N i;小飞扬草能耐受Cr、Cd、N i复合污染,可作为尾矿废弃地植被重建到修复过程中的优先选择植物。     

气候变化下西北太平洋大海洋生态系海表面温度特征分析

黄鳍金枪鱼 (Thunnus albacares) 为高度洄游的大洋性鱼类,有较高的生态和经济价值,中西太平洋 (Western and Central Pacific Ocean, WCPO) 是全球金枪鱼捕捞产量最高的海区。为了解和预测中西太平洋黄鳍金枪鱼不同渔业对气候变化的反应,根据1990—2020年世界各国在中西太平洋的围网和延绳钓作业以及海洋尼诺指数 (Oceanic Niño index, ONI) 数据,分析了常规自回归积分滑动平均模型 (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model, ARIMA) 和加入ONI标准差为协变量的动态ARIMA模型在渔业资源量研究中的适用性,以及ONI对中西太平洋黄鳍金枪鱼年际单位捕捞努力量渔获量 (Catch per unit effort, CPUE) 的影响。结果表明：1) 常规ARIMA模型能够充分考虑中西太平洋黄鳍金枪鱼年CPUE的变化特征,可用于黄鳍金枪鱼年CPUE的长期拟合;2) 相比常规ARIMA模型,动态ARIMA模型的拟合度更好,拟合值和真实值的相关性更高,同时平均绝对误差、均方根误差更小;3) ONI对中西太平洋赤道南北海域黄鳍金枪鱼的年CPUE影响不同,相对而言,在赤道以北,ONI的影响因素更关键,模型的拟合度更高;4) ONI对中西太平洋不同渔业的黄鳍金枪鱼的年CPUE影响有差别,对中西太平洋黄鳍金枪鱼延绳钓渔业存在滞后1~2年的影响,而在强厄尔尼诺和强拉尼娜现象时,对围网渔业的影响速度较快,不存在滞后。     

(111)晶面暴露的NiO纳米催化剂的制备及其CO催化氧化性能

采用溶剂热法,以Ni(NO_3)_3·6H_2O、均苯三甲酸以及N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为原料快速合成金属有机骨架材料Ni_3(BTC)_2·12H_2O晶体。以Ni_3(BTC)_2·12H_2O为前体,通过焙烧得到具有(111)面的NiO颗粒用于CO催化氧化反应,并与由硝酸镍热解得到的NiO(R)催化剂进行对比。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、N_2物理吸附-脱附、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法对具有(111)面的NiO颗粒的组成、结构和形貌进行表征。CO催化氧化结果表明,具有(111)面的NiO颗粒的催化活性优于普通NiO催化剂的催化活性。     

镍胁迫对玉米幼苗氮、磷、钾积累与分配的研究

研究发现吉林省黑土中镍含量逐年增加,造成土壤理化性质恶化和玉米产量、品质降低,因此,了解镍胁迫对玉米植株生长特性的影响有重要意义。采用盆栽试验,研究了不同镍浓度（0、50、100、200、400 mg/kg）胁迫处理下玉米植株各部位的生物量、生物量分配格局以及氮、磷、钾积累和分配特征。结果表明,（1）镍浓度为50 mg/kg时,增加了玉米幼苗根、茎、叶生物量和总生物量,镍浓度大于50 mg/kg时,减少了各部位生物量及总生物量;（2）各部位对镍的吸收和积累随土壤外源镍浓度的增加而增加;（3）镍浓度为50 mg/kg时,增加了各部位的钾含量和根、茎钾的积累比例,而植株中的氮、磷含量随土壤中镍含量的增加呈降低趋势。因此得出,镍浓度为50 mg/kg的处理增加了玉米植株的生物量、根茎叶中钾含量及养分积累,改变了养分在玉米植株内的分配格局,而浓度大于50 mg/kg时抑制了玉米生长,降低了根茎叶中氮和磷的含量及积累。