美国最新公布越桔属品种及特征

2014年由克莱姆森大学及美国农业部（USDA-ARS)公布了一些越桔属新品种,包括蓝莓新品种33个,具体包括北高丛蓝莓10个、南高丛蓝莓14个、兔眼蓝莓7个、还有2个未知类别的蓝莓新品种;除公布蓝莓新品种外,还公布了1个蔓越桔新品种。从公布的这些数据可以看出,近年来蓝莓的的育种趋势多集中于早熟品种和晚熟品种,另外,鲜食品种多于加工品种,以及一些具有其他功能的蓝莓新品种也日益受到重视;蔓越桔品种的育种方向依然是开发大果、高产和抗病性好等优异性状的品种。通过该统计结果可知,开发具有多种优异性状的南高丛品种是蓝莓育种的大趋势,其次是北高丛蓝莓和兔眼蓝莓,这也为开发出具有我国自主知识产权的蓝莓新品种指引一定的方向。本文将主要介绍蓝莓、蔓越桔新品种以及它们的特征。     

Serological evidence for exposure to bovine viral diarrhoea virus in sheep co-grazed with beef cattle in New Zealand

ABSTRACT

Aims: To determine whether sheep that co-grazed with cattle that were suspected to be positive for bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus had serological evidence of exposure to the virus.

Methods: Eighteen commercial farms that routinely co-grazed cattle and sheep in the same paddocks were recruited through purposive sampling. The recruiting veterinarians identified nine farms with cattle herds that were known or highly suspected to be positive for BVD and nine farms that were considered to be free of BVD. Blood samples were taken from 15 ewes aged 1 year on each farm and samples were submitted to a commercial diagnostic laboratory to test for antibodies against pestiviruses using an ELISA. All samples that were positive were then tested using a virus neutralisation test (VNT)for antibodies against BVD virus.

Results: Of the 270 blood samples, 17 were positive for pestivirus antibodies by ELISA and these originated from two farms that were known or suspected to have BVD virus-positive cattle. None of the samples from the nine flocks co-grazed with cattle herds that were known or suspected to be BVD virus-negative were positive for pestivirus antibodies. Within the two positive farms, 2/15 samples from the first farm and 15/15 samples from the second farm were antibody-positive. When the 17 positive blood samples were submitted for VNT, all 15 samples from the second farm tested positive for BVD virus antibodies with the highest titre being 1:512.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: In this small sample of New Zealand sheep and beef farms with suspected BVD infection in cattle, there was evidence of pestivirus exposure in co-grazed sheep. Although we were unable to confirm the origin of the exposure in these sheep, these findings highlight that farmers who are trying to eradicate BVD from their cattle should be mindful that the infection may also be circulating in sheep, and both populations should be considered a possible risk to each other for generating transient and persistent infections. Further work is needed to estimate the true prevalence of New Zealand sheep flocks that are affected by BVD and the associated economic impacts.     

8个猕猴桃品种叶片矿质养分含量的生长期变化及其相关性

以8个猕猴桃品种（‘海沃德’、‘米良1号’、‘徐香’、‘金香’、‘哑特’、‘翠香’、‘农大金猕’、‘金魁’）为试材,连续两年分析猕猴桃叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌、硼等10种元素含量的生长期变化特点及其相关性。结果表明,不同猕猴桃品种叶片养分含量差异显著。其中,‘海沃德’叶片氮、磷含量较高,钙、镁含量较低;‘米良1号’叶片氮、钙含量较高;‘翠香’叶片钙含量较高,氮、磷、钾含量较低;‘农大金猕’和‘金魁’叶片氮、钾均较低。猕猴桃叶片氮、磷、钾含量从坐果期至果实快速膨大期不断下降,之后在果实缓慢生长期和果实充实成熟期氮持续下降,钾维持稳定,磷则有所回升;叶片钙、镁、铁、锰、锌、硼含量均随着生长期的推进而呈升高趋势,但不同元素初始升高和后期稳定的时间点略有差别。叶片氮、磷与钾之间呈显著正相关,与钙、镁、铁、锌、硼之间呈显著负相关;钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌、硼等中微量元素之间多呈显著正相关。本研究为生产上不同猕猴桃品种的科学施肥和高效栽培提供了理论依据。     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS–PULMONARY‐TRACHEOBRONCHIAL PROLAPSE IN A NEW CALEDONIAN GIANT GECKO (RHACODACTYLUS LEACHIANUS)

A 3‐year‐old male New Caledonian giant gecko, or Leach's gecko (Rhacodactylus leachianus) presented with acute lethargy and coelomic distention. Findings from survey radiographs and an upper gastrointestinal tract contrast study were consistent with severe aerophagia, a collapsed left lung, and hyperinflation of the right lung due to suspected bronchial obstruction. The gecko was treated with conservative medical management, but was found dead 5 days after presentation. Necropsy findings showed intussusception of the proximal left lung into the left mainstem bronchus and trachea.     

Three cases of a presumptive atypical myopathy in New Zealand horses

CASE HISTORY: Three weanling Thoroughbred fillies were presented during autumn with depression, muscle rigidity and, in one case, colic symptoms and cardiovascular shock.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: All fillies had abnormal physical examinations that included elevated heart rates and respiratory rates coupled with muscle rigidity through the back and rump. Biochemistry revealed markedly elevated creatinine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase which indicated a myopathy.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: All three horses were diagnosed with presumptive equine atypical myopathy. The horses received supportive therapy as per the literature available at the time regarding this condition; two responded to supportive therapy and survived, and one was euthanased due to a rapid deterioration in clinical status.

PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Following post mortem of one case, histology of the trapezius muscle demonstrated an acute, severe myofibre degeneration.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Atypical myopathy and a very similar disorder termed seasonal pasture myopathy in North America are potentially fatal, pasture-related syndromes that have been described in Europe and America but have not been previously described in New Zealand. This report describes three presumptive cases of this unique syndrome in New Zealand for the first time; it outlines the characteristics of the condition; and includes recently published information regarding diagnosis and treatment.     

Evaluation on resistance of 4 alfalfa （Medicago sativa ） cultivars to pea aphid （Acyrthosiphon pisum ）

在大田和室内条件下,采用大量蚜虫侵染幼苗法评价4个苜蓿（Medicagosativa）品种对豌豆蚜（Acyrthosiphonpisum）的抗性,以筛选出对豌豆蚜高抗的材料。结果表明,甘农5号（HA3）在大田和室内的抗性植株百分率均显著高于其他品种,分别为50．3％和48．9％,而猎人河的抗性植株百分率在大田和室内均较低,分别为4．0％和4．3％;4个苜蓿品种在大田的抗性级别为甘农5号高抗,甘农3号、金皇后、猎人河均为感虫,室内抗性级别为甘农5号抗虫,金皇后、甘农3号低抗,猎人河感虫。     

江苏盐城首次记录到彩鹮

2020年5月4日在江苏盐城大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区(120°47′—120°53′E,32°59′—33°03′N)记录到3只彩鹮。栖息地为一处浅滩水塘,3只彩鹮于水中觅食。以往曾宣布彩鹮在国内绝迹,本次记录填补了彩鹮在本地区的分布空白,证实了彩鹮在江苏省仍有分布。这一纪录或许说明本地区栖息地得到了有效的改善。     

湖南长沙记录到绿背姬鹟

2019年10月3日,在湖南省长沙市烈士公园(112°59′55.74″E,28°12′48.08″N)内一池塘周边的阔叶林中观察并拍摄到一种鹟科鸟类。经查阅文献,对比该鸟的形态特征后,鉴定为绿背姬鹟(Ficedula elisae),为湖南省新纪录鸟种。     

贵州省鸟类新纪录——栗树鸭

2020年4月14日,在贵州省贵阳阿哈湖国家湿地公园保育区内(106°39′0.13″E,26°30′28.46″N,1107 m)开展鸟类监测,于浅水沼泽区拍摄到2只雁鸭类,经鉴定为栗树鸭(Dendrocygna javanica)。通过查阅相关文献,该种在贵州省的分布尚未记录过,属贵州省鸟类新纪录。本文对发现地概况、形态特征、生境特征和分布现状以及对该物种的保护进行了简要讨论。     

河南省鸟类新纪录种——灰翅鸫(Turdus boulboul)

在整理2015—2018年的红外相机数据中,在河南内乡宝天曼国家级自然保护区2个调查位点拍摄到了4组独立照片,经鉴定为灰翅鸫 ( Turdus boulboul ) ,雌鸟和雄鸟各有2次记录,并确认为河南省的鸟类新纪录物种。