早熟优质西瓜新品种‘兴桂3号’的选育

‘兴桂3号’是以‘TZS-e’为母本、‘LPCS-a’为父本育成的早熟优质有籽西瓜新品种。该品种全生育期春季栽培80-87 d,秋季栽培60-66 d,果实发育期25-28 d。果实短椭圆形,果皮青绿色覆深绿色清晰宽条带。果皮厚度0.7-1.0 cm,不易裂瓜,抗压及耐贮运性好。瓜瓤鲜红色,瓤质细嫩、实脆,清甜爽口,中心可溶性固形物含量11.5%以上。单果质量2.0-3.5 kg,露地栽培每667 m2产量2 000-2 500 kg,大棚栽培每667 m^2产量2 500-3 200 kg。大棚和露地均适宜栽培。2013年6月通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号：桂审瓜2013017号。     

The Role of Recreational Motivation in the Birding Participation–Environmental Concern Relationship

Previous research has generally not found a strong relationship between participation in outdoor recreation and environmental concern. Research has suggested, however, that the motivation underlying recreation can mediate this relationship for some nature-based recreation groups. We hypothesized that the motivation underlying participation in birding mediates the participation–environmental concern relationship. We collected data via mail-back surveys from 529 American Birding Association members. Using structural modeling, we compared a direct effects model with partial and full mediation models with motivation variables as the mediators. The partial mediation model was weakly supported for two out of three motivation variables. Fit indices showed all models to have less than adequate fit. The results suggested that participation may not lead to environmental concern and that other variables, including motivation, may be more influential.     

Experimental rearing of juvenile New Zealand turbot Colistium nudipinnis (Waite 1910): a potential new aquaculture species

Investigations into factors affecting the growth of the first hatchery-produced juvenile New Zealand turbot Colistium nudipinnis (Waite 1910) showed that this endemic flatfish can be reared in raceways and tanks. After initial high mortality (> 60%) in the post-weaning period (to 120 days post-hatch), the juveniles showed high survival over the grow-out period. Growth of the juveniles was better at lower (16–18 °C) than at higher (> 20 °C) water temperatures, and better in a deep tank than in shallow raceways. Under the experimental rearing conditions, growth (to mean weight of 0.2 kg in 20 months) was relatively slow and food conversion (FCRs > 1.4) relatively high, both factors being related to the feeding behaviour of this species. C. nudipinnis feeds directly from the bottom, and this behavioural characteristic influences aspects of fish farming practice, such as stocking density and feeding strategy, that are critical to its economic viability. There is potential to improve the growth by optimizing the rearing conditions, so that it may not be unrealistic to achieve the maximum growth reached in these trials commercially and produce marketable farmed turbot, of over 400 g weight, within 2 years.     

Fatty acid composition of New Zealand green-lipped mussels, Perna canaliculus: Implications for harvesting for n-3 extracts

Marine bivalves offer a potentially important source of long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for human health supplements. Lipid extracts from individual New Zealand green-lipped mussels (NZGLM) were analyzed as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by gas chromatography to assess geographical and seasonal differences between large (86 ± 1 mm) male and female and small (44 ± 1 mm) mussels. PUFAs dominated in spring and summer, comprising ∼ 50% of total fatty acids. Moreover, the commercially important n-3 fatty acids, 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) together accounted for 70-79% of total PUFAs in spring and summer. During winter there was a marked decrease in condition and total n-3 PUFAs and a concomitant increase in saturated fatty acids in mussels, suggesting they had already spawned, had increased metabolic demands and limited PUFA-rich phytoplankton as food. While total n-3 content was not significantly different, there were geographical differences in individual n-3 fatty acids. Mussels collected from the cooler waters of Stewart Island had greater levels of 20:5n-3 (EPA), while those collected in Marlborough had greater concentrations of 22:6n-3 (DHA), which was attributed mainly to differences in phytoplankton composition. Total n-3 content and the condition index varied seasonally with greater concentrations of n-3 PUFAs, especially EPA, recorded in large mussels in spring, coincident with spring diatom blooms. Total PUFA levels and condition indices remained high in summer. There was no significant difference in condition indices, total n-3 content, DHA or EPA levels between large male and female mussels. Conversely, large mussels had significantly greater amounts of n-3 PUFAs than small mussels at Marlborough Sounds, while small mussels had marginally greater total n-3 concentrations than large mussels at Stewart Island. Taken together, these results suggest that the NZGLM offers a potentially important source of n-3 PUFAs for human health supplements. Our findings suggest that optimal harvesting conditions occur in spring when mussel condition and n-3 content peak for large mussels. Although DHA and EPA levels varied geographically, total n-3 content was not significantly different between sites, which implies that harvesting mussels for n-3 extracts would be driven more by logistical considerations.     

早熟西瓜品种‘美欣’的选育

‘美欣’是以自交系‘B101’为母本、‘B83’为父本配制的西瓜一代杂种,早熟,丰产,抗裂果,植株生长强健,全生育期97 d,果实发育期28³0 d。果实高圆球形,果皮绿色底覆墨绿齿条带。易坐果,瓤色鲜红,瓤脆多汁,中心可溶性固形物含量11.6%,边部8.0%,风味极佳。皮韧性好,耐贮运,单瓜质量5.5 kg,667 m2产量3 000 kg左右。适宜在江西、福建等地区及气候相似地区种植。     

优质高产抗病西瓜新品种‘荆杂20’的选育

‘荆杂20’是以优良稳定自交系‘87005’为母本、抗病稳定自交系‘2084’为父本杂交育成的中大果型中熟有籽西瓜品种。全生育期100¹10 d,果实发育32 d左右。果实圆形,果皮底色脆绿,覆墨绿较规则细条带。红瓤,瓤色均匀,质地细脆多汁,籽较少,不易空心,中心可溶性固形物含量12%左右,边部含量8%110 d,果实发育32 d左右。果实圆形,果皮底色脆绿,覆墨绿较规则细条带。红瓤,瓤色均匀,质地细脆多汁,籽较少,不易空心,中心可溶性固形物含量12%左右,边部含量8%⁹%。皮厚1.0 cm左右,果皮坚硬不易裂果,耐贮藏,商品率高。一般单果质量59%。皮厚1.0 cm左右,果皮坚硬不易裂果,耐贮藏,商品率高。一般单果质量5⁸ kg,667 m2产量4 000 kg左右。该品种生长势强,易坐果,抗枯萎病、产量高、品质优、易栽培,适合全国多地栽培。参加了2011—2012年湖北省西瓜品种区域试验,2014年通过湖北省品种审定。     

东海中部臀棘鲷属鱼类新纪录种

2006年4月,于东海中部(27.00°N,124.50°E)海域采获一批臀棘鲷属(Paratrachichthys Waite 1899)鱼类标本,经鉴定为前肛臀棘鲷(Paratrachichthys prosthemius Jordan et Fowler 1902)。经检索该鱼为上述海域的新纪录种。其主要鉴别特征:背鳍Ⅴ～Ⅵ-13～14;臀鳍Ⅲ-9;腹鳍Ⅰ-6;胸鳍Ⅰ-Ⅱ;尾鳍不分枝鳍条10～11,分枝鳍条20;腹鳍与臀鳍间具10个棱棘状鳞;侧线鳞数54～56。体长为体高2.6～3.0倍,为头长2.7～2.9倍。头长为吻长5.6～6.5倍,为眼径2.9～3.5倍,为眼间隔3.3～3.6倍。尾柄长为尾柄高1.3～1.7倍。体侧扁,呈椭圆形;体被小栉鳞,头部无鳞;侧线完全,近似平直;肛门位于腹鳍间。生物学主要特性为:平均体长为74.40 mm,优势体长组为60～80 mm,占80.00%,性腺成熟度达Ⅴ级和Ⅵ级的占100%,摄食等级以1级和2级为主,合计占90.00%。体重与体长相关关系为BW=3.1936×10~(-5)BL~(3.0019)(R=0.9351)。     

株1S系列组合产量及农艺性状的关系研究

温敏核不育系株1S是育种上广泛应用的优良早籼型水稻不育系,1999年通过湖南省品种审定委员会审定。自审定以来,以其为母本所配组合在湖南省区域试验早稻组中占有很大的比重。一大批组合通过审定,并在湖南省及南方各省区得到大面积推广,产生了良好的经济、社会和生态效益。本文通过对历年湖南省区域试验中株1S系列组合信息的收集和整理,对其产量性状、农艺性状等进行了相关分析,为选育高产优质的理想株型品种和合理的栽培措施提供参考依据和理论支撑。早中熟品种产量与米质、感病性显著负相关。     

Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Mechanism of a Lipid Extract from Hard-Shelled Mussel (Mytilus Coruscus) on Chronic Arthritis in Rats

The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of a lipid extract from hard-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus) on adjuvant-induced (AIA) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. AIA and CIA rats that received hard-shelled mussel lipid extract (HMLE group) at a dose of 100 mg/kg demonstrated significantly lower paw swelling and arthritic index, but higher body weight gain than those which received olive oil (control group). Similar results were found in arthritic rats that received New Zealand green-lipped mussel lipid extract (GMLE) at the same dosage. The levels of leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂) in the serum, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, interferon-γ (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the ankle joint synovial fluids of HMLE group rats were significantly lower than those of control group. However, the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in HMLE group rats were significantly higher than those in the control group. Decreased mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and MMP13, but increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) were observed in the knee joint synovium tissues of HMLE group rats when compared with the control group. No hepatotoxicity was observed in both HMLE and GMLE group rats. The present results indicated that HMLE had a similarly strong anti-inflammatory activity as GMLE. Such a strong efficacy could result from the suppression of inflammatory mediators (LTB₄, PGE₂, TXB₂), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, INF-γ, TNF-α) and MMPs (MMP1, MMP13), and the promotion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) and TIMPs (TIMP1) productions.     

旱作区抗病优质高效马铃薯新品种(系)筛选试验初报

为筛选出适宜天水市旱作区种植的优质马铃薯品种,解决马铃薯生产中存在的品种单一、抗病、优质专用品种相对缺乏及产量水平相对低下等问题。以当地主栽马铃薯品种陇薯6号为对照品种,对引进的11个马铃薯品种(系)进行了品种比较试验。结果表明,DSS-35折合产量最高,为35 704.05 kg/hm2,较对照品种陇薯6号增产15.23%;京张薯1号、陇薯20号折合产量较高,分别为34 784.40、34 340.85 kg/hm2,较对照品种陇薯6号分别增产12.26%、10.83%。这3个马铃薯品种(系)综合性状优良、商品薯率较高,较抗病毒病和环腐病,块茎晚疫病发病较轻,适宜在天水市旱作区及同类生态区种植。