化隆县草地植被类型及其利用

青海省化隆县地处青藏高原和黄土高原的过渡带,受青藏高原和黄土高原的影响,自然植被与青藏高原上的高寒植被和黄土高原上的植被类型有一定联系,从而形成该区较为复杂的植被类型。据调查,该地区的主要草地植被类型包括荒漠草原、草原、山地灌丛和高寒草甸,并在该地区形成明显的垂直分布。在海拔较低的黄河河谷区分布着与黄土高原相连的植被类型;而海拔较高的山地则分布与青藏高原相连的高寒植被,形成独具特色的植被类型。     

酵母铬与L-肉碱对蛋鸡生产性能及脂质代谢的影响

选用21周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡288只,随机分为9组,每组32只,采用3×3(铬×L-肉碱)2因子3水平有重复交叉试验设计,预试2周后,在玉米-豆粕型日粮的基础上添加不同水平的酵母铬(以铬计:0、400、600μg/kg)与L-肉碱(0、50、100mg/kg),以饲喂基础日粮组为对照组,用以研究二者对蛋鸡生产性能及脂质代谢的影响,并初步探讨二者的互作效应,试验期7周。结果表明:600μg/kg铬或100mg/kgL-肉碱对脂质代谢多数指标效果显著(P<0.05或0.01);二者同时添加对蛋黄胆固醇、肝脏甘油三酯及腹脂率等均产生显著互作效应(P=0.0003～0.0500),且400μg/kg铬和100mg/kgL-肉碱混合添加对降低蛋黄胆固醇比其它各组均表现出优势,400μg/kg铬和50mg/kgL-肉碱混合添加对降低腹脂率比其它各组均表现出优势。铬或(与)L-肉碱在降低蛋鸡肝脂、腹脂及蛋黄胆固醇的同时并未影响蛋鸡的生产性能。     

Dynamics of natural bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) infection in a dairy herd

In this study, natural cycling of BoHV-1 infection was investigated in two groups of dairy cattle containing 2120 head. Group 1 comprised 127 animals and they were monitored for BoHV-1 infection virologically and serologically in six consecutive sampling periods. It consisted of naive heifers between 6 and 8 months of age, while in group 2, age, sex and the BoHV-1 serostatus of the animals were disregarded. The animals in group 1 were found to have seroconverted at the second sampling. Results of the serological study showed slight antibody response after natural BoHV-1 infection in the herd and neutralizing titres fell below protective levels in the 6–8 months after the peak. During the 2-year study period, one recurrence was detected after primary infection. Virus isolation studies revealed a cytopathic effect indicative of BoHV-1 in two nasal swabs taken during the fifth sampling period from animals with mild upper respiratory tract symptoms. As the study was carried out under natural conditions, it is not known whether the viruses isolated were from recurrences or re-infections. Data from cross-neutralization tests with herd isolates showed higher antibody response than those with the reference virus. The dynamics of BoHV-1 in both groups were found to be statistically similar.     

碱茅6-磷酸海藻糖合成酶基因的克隆及其耐逆性分析

从碱茅酵母cDNA文库中经过NaCl、NaHCO₃筛选,均得到长为1153 bp碱茅6-磷酸海藻糖合成酶基因(PutTPS)片段。通过3'End cDNA amplification方法获得基因缺失的3'序列,该基因全长3358 bp,编码882个氨基酸。氨基酸序列比较结果表明,PutTPS氨基酸序列与水稻、拟南芥、玉米等多种高等植物的TPS蛋白的同源性高达60%90%。利用Northern blot技术,研究该基因的组织表达模式及NaCl、NaHCO₃胁迫处理下基因的表达模式变化;同时对转pYES₂- PutTPS基因酵母菌株进行盐、碱、氧化胁迫、渗透胁迫处理,观察其在逆境下的生存表现。结果表明,PutTPS具有组织表达特异性,其中在根和花中表达量最大;NaCl、NaHCO₃会诱导PutTPS 基因在根和叶中的上调表达;同时重组酵母菌株对盐碱、氧化、渗透胁迫及干旱等逆境的适应能力显著增强。以上研究结果表明,碱茅PutTPS基因与逆境之间具有一定的应答关系,并在植物适应环境逆境过程中起着重要的作用。     

开花负调因子芥菜BjSVP与甘蓝BoFLC的异源互作研究

 为阐明开花负调因子BjSVP（源于种子春化型作物芥菜）与BoFLC（源于绿体春化作物甘 蓝）异源聚合后在开花调控路径中的互作机制,从芥菜酵母重组质粒pGADT7-BjSVP 分别亚克隆含MI、 MIK、K、IKC、KC、IK、IK1L1K2L2、IK1L1K2、IK1L1、IK1、I 结构域的11 个SVP 截短体（BjSVPΔ1 ~ BjSVPΔ11）, 构建猎物质粒pGADT7-BjSVPΔ1 ~ pGADT7-BjSVPΔ11 并转化酵母Y187 菌;从甘蓝中克隆了BoFLC 和 BoFLCzq 基因,构建诱饵质粒pGBKT7-BoFLC、pGBKT7-BoFLCzq 并转化酵母Y2HGold 菌。酵母双杂 交表明：芥菜BjSVP 能与甘蓝BoFLC 相互作用,在QDO/X/A 培养基上长出蓝色菌落,激活酵母报告基 因AUR1-C、HIS3、ADE2、MEL1。截短体BjSVPΔ2 ~ BjSVPΔ5 也能与BoFLC 相互作用,而BjSVPΔ7 ~ BjSVPΔ11 不能与BoFLC 互作。由此表明BjSVP 完整的K 域（BjSVP3）可独立作用于BoFLC,但K 域 亚域（K1、K2、K3）或者连接区（L1、L2）缺失突变后不能介导该作用。作用强度分析表明：BjSVP 的I 域能增强该蛋白互作,但M 域和C 域可能会干扰该作用;芥菜BjFLC 被甘蓝BoFLC 或BoFLCzq 替 换后,可明显增加作用强度;甘蓝FLC 的I 域第20 位、K 域第65 位和C 域第32 位氨基酸的变异很可能 与作用强度相关。     

基于自然灾害的农村贫困效应研究——以广西西南TL村的水灾调查为例

采取偶遇抽样的方法对TL村的贫困户与非贫困户进行了问卷调查,调查了2008年9月的水灾对该村贫困户与非贫困户的生计资产的影响。结果表明:贫困户的受教育水平和健康状况较差;耕地拥有量及作物面积少;房屋质量差;存款少、金融借贷能力低下;通过个人社会关系获取帮助的能力低下。     

柑橘天然杂种秭归橘橙来源探究

秭归橘橙为天然柑橘杂种,果实无核、早熟,但其亲本来源未得到深入的分析和验证。为探明秭归橘橙的亲本,应用倍性检测、形态学标记和AFLP、cpSSR、nSSR等分子标记,对其进行遗传鉴定。倍性检测证实秭归橘橙为二倍体,叶形指数、气孔密度和大小、花粉育性和花粉形态分析表明秭归橘橙形态特征上偏向于甜橙,而其花粉染色活力介于甜橙与红橘之间。AFLP聚类分析表明秭归橘橙介于橙和橘之间。cpSSR、nSSR确认秭归橘橙的母本为甜橙(Citrus sinensis[L.]Osbeck),父本为橘类(C.reticulate Blanco)。     

Yeast cell wall and live yeast products and their combination in broiler diets formulated with weekly ingredient variations

A 6‐week broiler study was conducted to evaluate whether subjecting the intestinal microflora of broilers to the effect of weekly variations in feed ingredients could be ameliorated by the inclusion of yeast‐derived feed additives: a yeast cell wall extract (YCW), live yeast culture (LY) or their combination (YCW + LY). Recent changes in ingredient prices have motivated producers to formulate diets not necessarily based primarily on corn and soya bean meal. Intestinal microflora in birds can vary significantly based on the ingredient composition of their diet, and the make‐up of the flora can influence overall bird performance. Within the three nutrient phases of this study, birds were fed either a traditional corn–soya ingredient profile or a variable‐ingredient regimen, which had weekly changes in the ingredient composition. There were consistent ameliorative effects of the yeast treatments in both the corn–soya and the variable‐ingredient groups throughout all 6 weeks, with the YCW + LY combination showing a reduced effect when compared to either product fed alone. The effectiveness of YCW and LY on ameliorating the effects of weekly ingredient variations appeared most effective during the starter and grower phases, but was less significant during the sixth week.     

酵母菌培养物对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

270只19周龄的ISABrow母鸡随机分3组处理,每个处理5个重复,研究酵母培养物对产蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响。试验为期16周。酵母培养物在试验中的添加水平分别为0%、0.1%、0.2%。试验中采用的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中粗蛋白质为16.0%,能量为2800kcal/kg。试验结果表明,饲喂添加0.1%酵母培养物组产蛋鸡的生产性能和每日产蛋量显著提高(P<0.05);各处理组之间的蛋重、饲料摄入和饲料转化率无显著差别;试验组与对照组的蛋壳质量、哈氏单位、蛋黄颜色和蛋黄中脂肪酸含量也无显著差别。     

口服免疫多糖(酵母细胞壁)对南美白对虾抗哈维弧菌感染的作用

在南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)饲料中分别加100.0、200.0、300.0、400.0和500.0 mg*kg-1Bm的免疫多糖(酵母细胞壁),连续投喂28 d后,通过检测供试虾血清、肝胰腺和肌肉中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性及经过哈维弧菌的活菌攻毒,探讨口服不同剂量的免疫多糖(酵母细胞壁)对南美白对虾体内免疫相关酶活性的影响和对人工感染哈维弧菌抗病力的作用.结果表明,在南美白对虾饲料中添加100.0 mg*kg-1Bm的免疫多糖(酵母细胞壁),能显著提高供试南美白对虾血清和肌肉中ACP和ALP活性(t测验,P<0.05),极显著地提高肝胰腺中ACP、ALP和POD的活性(t测验,P<0.01),增强抗哈维弧菌感染的能力.免疫多糖(酵母细胞壁)不同添加剂量的试验组之间则未出现显著差别(t测验,P>0.05).试验结果表明免疫多糖(酵母细胞壁)在南美白对虾饲料中的添加量以100.0 mg*kg-1Bm为宜.