河北省石灰岩矿区自然生态环境特征探究

基于石灰岩矿区先天脆弱的自然环境,石灰岩矿区开采带来的生态问题趋于严峻。作者通过对河北省石灰岩矿区分布区域的自然生态环境进行分析,得出不同地域的石灰岩矿区生态环境特征,从而为石灰岩矿区后期的生态恢复与治理工程提供基础性资料。     

Research advances in genetics and breeding ofpopulus davidiana dode in China

In this paper a general introduction is given to research advances in genetics improvement and breeding of Chinese aspen (Populus davidiana Dode) in China. This introduction includes natural distribution and collection, conservation, gene diversity, provenance trial, crossing breeding, vegetative propagation and disease resistant etc. Based on the current situation of forest tree breeding in China, some strategic suggestions concerning the future development of Chinese aspen genetics improvement in China are presented, taking into consideration the existing domestic demands of forestry production and international trends in forest tree breeding. Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai     

新疆哈纳斯自然保护区地衣群落的聚类分析

我们根据多年的实地调查结果并采用聚类分析方法对分布在哈纳斯国家级自然保护区的地衣群落进行了研究。结果表明分布在该地区的地衣种类有 10 3种 ,他们分别属于 2 0科 ,4 0属。地衣物种形成了 6种群落。同时发现该地区地衣对基物形成专一性 ,它们的基物包括 :树皮、藓丛、藓土、草地、石面、地面、土层、石浮土等。     

贵州省天柱县天然林资源保护工程封山育林调查分析

本文通过对天柱县1999、2000年度天保工程封山育林情况的调查分析：基于本地区丰富的水热、物种资源条件和独特的自然地理，封山育林作为保护和恢复森林资源的主要工程措施效果显著，值得推广。项目建设应选择栎类、马尾松、杂阔等先锋乔木为主要组成树种的疏林地和灌木林地作为封育对象。在天然林资源保护工程建设中，森林三大效益能否达到和谐统一，有待进一步研究。     

果树行间套种地被植物对天敌及害虫的影响

研究果树行间种植不同地被植物对果园生态系统的影响。结果表明,苹果园种植地被植物后,节肢动物的物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀性指数均明显大于清耕区;从天敌总量来看,禾草区较清耕区天敌增加57.36%,紫花苜蓿区较清耕区增加177.90%,紫花苜蓿+禾草混植区较清耕区增加369.03%;紫花苜蓿+禾草混植区和紫花苜蓿区的天敌发生期提前,持续时间延长;种植地被植物后天敌对害虫的控制作用明显,以紫花苜蓿+禾草混植区作用最好,平均控制效果为85.98%,其中对蚜虫类的控制效果可达94.07%,红蜘蛛类为80.39%,鳞翅目幼虫为88.14%,其他类害虫为81.30%。     

秋水仙素诱变对桑黄菌丝生长及活性成分的影响

以1.0%纤维素酶和0.5%蜗牛酶不同处理时间的桑黄菌丝为试材,采用0.1%秋水仙素诱变桑黄菌丝研究其诱变下桑黄菌丝再生菌株的生长速率以及多糖、黄酮和三萜等活性成分含量变化,以期获得生长快且活性成分含量高的菌种,以期为桑黄菌株选育、种质资源创新和应用奠定基础。结果表明:秋水仙素诱变后桑黄菌丝再生菌株的生长速率以及多糖、黄酮和三萜等活性成分含量基本呈增加趋势。其中,与对照相比,诱变酶解桑黄菌丝20 min获得的再生菌株20-1生长速率最快,增加了366.67%;三萜和多糖含量最高的再生菌株为10-5,分别增加了1069.73%和281.85%;多酚含量最高的再生菌株为5-1,增加了530.56%;黄酮含量最高的再生菌株为30-1,增加了3771.43%。     

昆仑山西段北坡天然草地营养类型研究

对昆仑山天然草地实地考察,采集混合草群样品分析其化学成分,按照全国统一标准和方法对昆仑山天然草地进行了营养类型划分。结果表明,昆仑山西段的天然草地可分为4个营养型,分布于低山带的草地是碳氮-灰分型,在中低山分布面积较广的是氮碳-灰分型,在海拔3200～3600m的亚高山草地的营养型为碳氮型,在海拔3600～4000m的高山区为氮碳型。这是由于不同的生境生长着与之相适应的植物种类,在特定的物候期就具有不同的营养类型。     

民勤连古城国家级自然保护区主要植物群落生态位研究

对连古城自然保护区5个优势灌木群落的28个物种进行生态位宽度、生态位相似性比例的计算与分析。结果表明,生态位宽度≥0.5的只有5个,0.1～0.5的有13个,≤0.1的有38个,说明植物群落结构简单,当优势种生态位减少时,一年生短命植物往往会进入群落中。绵刺群落、盐爪爪群落及猫头刺群落生态位相似比列相对较小,膜果麻黄群落及红砂群落整体相似性较高,表明该灌木层优势树种对资源的利用有较高的相似程度。该研究为保护区植物资源的合理利用和经营提供了科学依据。     

天然绿色棉与海岛棉远缘杂交研究初报

用天然绿色棉GC1011（Gossypium hirsutum L.）和白色海岛棉324（Gossypium barbadense L.）配置杂交组合,F1各单株之间性状稳定一致,F2疯狂分离,经5年连续选择,获得了四个较稳定的杂种新品系,即G324-1、G324-6、324-15和324-24,其纤维品质优良,纤维天然绿色。纤维长度、衣分、及籽棉产量都比GC1011有所提高,其纤维长度分别为28.3mm、27.8mm、28.5mm、28.1mm,衣分分别为25.5%、25.2%、25.8%和28.4%,平均籽棉每公顷产量分别为4962kg、4936.5 kg、4929kg、和4956 kg,均超过了绿色棉亲本GC1011,并具有较强的抗枯萎病和抗蚜虫能力,可以在生产上推广应用。     

Effects of land ownership and landscape-level factors on rare-species richness in natural areas of southern Ontario,Canada

Surprisingly few studies have considered the extent to which the nature of the ownership of land is associated with differences in biodiversity. We analysed ownership and other landscape-level effects on rare-species richness for both globally- and regionally-rare biota (including birds, herpetofauna, butterflies, mammals, and plants) in 289 designated natural areas (NAs) in southern Ontario, Canada. Information about each NA −including area, number of plant communities, ownership status and details of species diversity were collected from published sources. Length of perimeter of NA, relative isolation, and an estimate of fragmentation were measured using image analysis and GIS techniques. NAs were in general relatively small, with mean area of 158 ha (median 85 ha, range from 0.9 to 1278 ha) for private NAs; public NAs had mean area of 132 ha (median 16 ha, range from 0.1 to 1481 ha). Mean number of plant communities was 4.6 (median 4, range 1- 13) at private NAs and 3.8 (median 3, range 1-16) at public NAs. Our results show that, of several landscape-level factors, area had the greatest effects on rare-species richness and other biotic indices. Effects of area were followed by effects of plant community diversity, however this was itself significantly affected by area and the extent of perimeter of the NA. Both these factors were followed by effects of ownership of the NA and by effects of isolation of the NA (represented by minimum distance to nearest NA and by number of NAs in 10 km radius). Other landscape- level factors did not appear to have overall significant effects. Variation in area accounted for 0.1% to 29% of variation in number of rare species, with lower values for globally-rare, than for regionally-rare taxa. For all biotic groups, public ownership of NAs was associated with significantly greater rare-species richness compared to private ownership, even after other factors such as area were controlled. For all globally-rare biota except butterflies, area of NA had greater effects on rare-species richness than did ownership. Richness of regionally- rare birds was more affected by plant community diversity than by area of NA. Number of recorded plant communities accounted from 2.1% of variation in number of globally-rare plant species to as high as 31% of variation in regionally-rare butterflies. The diversity of plant communities was itself influenced by total site area (accounting for 45% of variation), extent of elongation of the NA, and both external- and interior- edge perimeters. Public NAs had greatest numbers of rare biota and so should be a significant focus for conservation programs. Smaller, privately-owned patches of natural area dominate (by number and area) in this densely populated region and their significance should not be overlooked. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.