Assessing spillover from marine protected areas and its drivers: A meta‐analytical approach

Overfishing may seriously impact fish populations and ecosystems. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are key tools for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management, yet the fisheries benefits remain debateable. Many MPAs include a fully protected area (FPA), restricting all activities, within a partially protected area (PPA) where potentially sustainable activities are permitted. An effective tool for biodiversity conservation, FPAs, can sustain local fisheries via spillover, that is the outward export of individuals from FPAs. Spillover refers to both: “ecological spillover”: outward net emigration of juveniles, subadults and/or adults from the FPA; and “fishery spillover”: the fraction of ecological spillover that directly benefits fishery yields and revenues through fishable biomass. Yet, how common is spillover remains controversial. We present a meta‐analysis of a unique global database covering 23 FPAs worldwide, using published literature and purposely collected field data, to assess the capacity of FPAs to export biomass and whether this response was mediated by specific FPA features (e.g. size, age) or species characteristics (e.g. mobility, economic value). Results show fish biomass and abundance outside FPAs was higher: (a) in locations close to FPA borders (<200 m) than further away (>200 m); (b) for species with a high commercial value; and (c) in the presence of PPA surrounding the FPA. Spillover was slightly higher in FPAs that were larger and older and for more mobile species. Based on the broadest data set compiled to date on marine species ecological spillover beyond FPAs' borders, our work highlights elements that could guide strategies to enhance local fishery management using MPAs.     

《国家人权行动计划（2009～2010）》对实现“国家尊重和保障人权”宪法原则的意义

2009年4月13日,国务院新闻办公室发布了《国家人权行动计划（2009～2010）》。这是以我国政府名义制定的第一个以保障人权为主题的国家层面规划,是一份政府各部门落实＂国家尊重和保障人权＂的宪法原则,推进中国人权事业发展的行动纲领性质的政策文件。本文拟从介绍《国家人权行动计划（2009～2010）》的出台背景、指导思想、基本原则、主要内容等方面入手,分析该计划出台对实现＂国家尊重和保障人权＂宪法原则的意义。     

民族院校生命科学创新性实践教学体系的改革与实践

以中南民族大学生命科学学院为例,以培养高素质创新人才为目的,对创新性实践教学体系的改革与实践进行了探讨。     

基于数字水印技术和多媒体内容认证的交易协议

基于数字水印技术和多媒体内容认证技术,提出买卖双方交互协议。该协议可以明确确认交易双方的身份,有效地防止了购买者水印被盗用的可能性,并很容易判定所购得的数字产品是否被篡改。     

民国时期中华职业教育社乡村建设活动述论

20世纪20年代末30年代初,中国历史上形成了一次大规模的"乡村建设运动"。作为"足以代表这个运动的整个方面之较早者"——中华职业教育社"鉴于农村的衰落,与一般农业学校造就的人材,不合实际的需要,并且不能担当挽救农村衰落的重任,主张改变方向,把职业教育的范围扩大,深入到农村里去",(1)积极投入到乡村建设运动中,在长江三角洲地区展开了一系列的乡村建设活动。     

专业图书馆出版物国际交换新模式探索——以江苏省农业科学院图书馆为例

出版物国际交换（简称国际交换）不论是在出版物国际流通方面还是在图书馆资源建设方面都有重要作用。但专业图书馆的国际交换工作一直停滞不前。随着出国访问科技人员的增多,以他们为桥梁,在访问期间与交流单位沟通,在交换文献资料的基础上建立长期、稳定的交换关系,将是专业图书馆发展国际交换的一种有效途径。     

Can epidemiology and economics make a meaningful contribution to national animal-disease control?

The general role of veterinary epidemiology and economics to national animal-disease control throughout the world is considered for the four main groupings of animal diseases: zoonotic, food-borne, endemic and epidemic diseases. This is done by considering how veterinary epidemiology and economics has contributed to priority setting (which diseases come first?), decision-making (for a given disease, which strategy is best?), and disease control implementation (how can optimal delivery and adoption of selected interventions best be achieved?). Within each of these categories, progress made and future opportunities are discussed. In addition, a review is made of how veterinary epidemiology and economics has been institutionalised. We conclude that veterinary epidemiology and economics holds a unique role in the development of national policies and strategies for improved animal health world-wide. However, we consider that we must capitalise more on the unique comparative advantage of the partnership between veterinarians and agricultural economists. We believe that much remains to be done to improve the "institutionalisation" of veterinary epidemiology and economics, and the adoption and impact of the products of our unique partnership, particularly in countries of the developing world.     

四川省普通高校开展少数民族传统体育的影响因素分析

主要通过文献资料法和问卷调查法，对四川省普通高校开展少数民族传统体育进行因子分析，其结 果表明：影响四川省普通高校少数民族传统体育开展的主要因子有：体育物质因子、教师因子、学生因子 、体育文化因子和外部环境因子五个因素，并对每一个影响因子进行研究与分析，提出了较为科学而合理 的建议，为四川少数民族传统体育项目的开展打下了良好基础，同时也为四川省普通高校今后进一步作好 学校少数民族传统体育教学工作提供理论依据。     

天津市设施果树发展对策探讨

介绍了天津市果树设施栽培的现状及存在问题,分析了发展设施果树的必要性,并提出了今后天津市果树设施栽培的发展方向。     

伊川县创建国家级园林县城的可行性分析

指出了在"十二五"时期,伊川将创建国家级园林县城,结合此创建指标,探讨了从综合治理、绿地建设、建设管控、生态环境、节能减排等方面的体制保障和技术创新,阐明了创建国家级园林县城的可行性。