五鹿山国家级自然保护区药用植物多样性研究

以2012年五鹿山国家级自然保护区综合科学考察报告及蒲县县志为基础,结合相关文献,分析五鹿山药用植物资源的多样性。结果表明:五鹿山有药用植物45科128属179种;最丰富的科为菊科、蔷薇科、百合科及毛茛科(种数≥10),最丰富的属是蒿属、堇菜属(种数>5);大多药用植物分布高差为400m以下(含400m),80.4%分布在针叶阔叶混交林带;植物药用部位以全草为主;生活型以多年生草本植物为主,占总数的50.8%;有党参、苦参、地黄、黄芩、北柴胡5种道地药材;有珍稀濒危濒危植物5科7属7种;植物药用功能主要为清热解毒。     

Protected area co-management and land use conflicts adjacent to Phu Kao – Phu Phan Kham National Park,Thailand

This study examined land use conflicts between three villages and Phu Kao – Phu Phan Kham National Park in northeast Thailand that resulted from its access and utilization during 2013–2015. The source of conflict is usufruct rights, a government entitlement program designed to honor villagers who lived on the land before it was established as a national park or forest reserve. Ironically, designation of protected areas is not a safeguard for biodiversity. A complex set of rules and regulations control access to resources, but compliance is subject to government oversight and economic pressure to improve quality of life. Granting usufruct rights may reduce certain land use conflicts, but they fail to address agricultural expansion inside park and forest boundaries. For example, agricultural encroachment in this protected area increased by 13.1% during the study period, mainly through cassava plantings. Cassava requires a small amount of maintenance and has a high market value since it is being promoted as an energy crop by the Thai government. A variety of management strategies are needed for sustainable forestry, such as regular forest patrols, reduction of agricultural-based income, and community-based initiatives.     

武汉园博园碳汇效能综合研究

随着生态宜居城市的建设,城市绿地固碳释氧的环境改善功能逐步受到重视,植被碳汇的量化研究也逐渐成为科学评价绿地环境效益的主要内容。文章以武汉园博园为研究对象,利用RS/GIS,结合美国景观绩效平台的National Tree Benefit Calculator (国家树木效益计算器),计算出武汉园博园的林木植被在2017年的碳汇效能及相应的经济价值,探讨武汉园博园的生态功能和价值。     

龙溪—虹口国家级自然保护区野生观赏植物调查研究

龙溪—虹口国家级自然保护区的植被具有较高的多样性,孕育了包括一批国家级保护种在内的观赏植物类群。本文主要介绍了保护区的植被类型,并按照乔木、灌木、草本和藤本将该地区主要的观赏植物作出初步统计,对这些植物种类与当地不同的生态环境之间的组合进行比较。本文通过对保护区观赏植物的调查研究认为,在风景区的建设中应以当地的乡土植物为主,建成具有地域特色的景观。调查挖掘乡土观赏植物,也可以为景观植物的引种开发提供丰富的素材。     

增强保护区科普与监测能力,提高保护区科技水平

通过对江西武夷山等5个国家级自然保护区的考察,认为:这些国家级自然保护区目前基本建设比较完善,基础设施齐全,规模较大,起点较高,有了较好的办公等条件;人员数量比较充实;保护区的日常维护较好,没有发生大的破坏保护区的事故发生;与社区关系较好,共建共管有许多很好的典型与成功的事例;有了基本的调查资料等。但也存在一些问题:有的保护区的管理理念、管理方式、管理措施还不能适应国家级保护区发展的要求;硬件与软件发展不平衡,硬件较好,但软件不适应;与基础建设、基础设施相比,科普能力、监测能力设施相差较多;新技术的应用有待加强;经费还有许多困难等。建议要在增强保护区科普与监测能力,提高保护区科技水平上努力,目前可以从编绘保护区生态系统类型图或者植被类型图、建立固定的观测样地、绘制保护区珍稀濒危物种分布图并进行定期监测、建立保护区的科普体系、充实保护区的监测仪器和设备等方面开始。     

丽江老君山国家公园植物景观资源的开发与保护

党的十八届三中全会提出划定生态保护红线的战略决策,建立国家公园体制是一项与生态红线相关的重要任务。建立国家公园体制的根本出发点是对资源的有效保护与合理利用,其中植物景观资源的开发与保护占据着十分重要的地位。据此,以丽江老君山国家公园为例,就寒温性针叶林、寒温性杜鹃矮林、落叶阔叶林、亚高山草甸4个最能反映该地区植物景观资源特色的植被类型,提出生态观光旅游、科考旅游、休闲旅游以及就地保护和保育景观资源,实施植物恢复工程等开发与保护策略。     

浅议大兴安岭国有企业改革与发展

内论述了要使大兴安岭国企走出困境，实现企业的发展，就要走一条企业改革之路：①实现政企分开；②积极推进企业生产组织方式调整及资产优化；③推进企业技术创新和产业升级；④加强管理；⑤做好转产分流和社会保障工作。     

论国有固定资产公开化

本文论述了实行国有固定资产公开化的必要性，提出只有实行国有固定资产公开化，才能避免资产的流失和私有化，提高资本利用效果，使现有的资产更好地发挥效果，从而提高企业的经济效益。     

Mexican wolves,elk, and aspen in Arizona: Is there a trophic cascade?

In 1998, Mexican gray wolves (Canis lupus baileyi) were introduced into the Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area (BRWRA) that spans adjacent portions of Arizona and New Mexico. In 2009 we selected three mixed-conifer sites on the Apache National Forest, within the BRWRA of east-central Arizona, to characterize long-term age structure of aspen (Populus tremuloides) and to check for the possible occurrence of a tri-trophic cascade involving Mexican wolves, Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), and aspen. These mixed-conifer sites included (a) a refugium site, (b) an old-growth site, and (c) a site thinned in 1991–1992. The refugium site was inaccessible to elk and cattle whereas the old-growth and thinned sites were accessible to elk, but not cattle. Age structure results indicated that aspen recruitment (i.e., the growth of sprouts/seedlings into tall saplings, poles, and eventually trees) at the refugium site had been ongoing over a period of many decades. In contrast, aspen recruitment at the old-growth and thinned sites decreased significantly (p < 0.05) during the two most recent decades when elk populations, as indexed by annual harvest levels, were relatively “high”. From 2000 to 2008, only 2.9 Mexican wolves per 1000 elk were present on the Apache National Forest compared to 9.3 western gray wolves (Canis lupus occidentalis) per 1000 elk in Yellowstone National Park where tri-trophic cascades involving wolves, elk, and aspen have been reported. The low number of Mexican wolves relative to their primary prey (elk) suggests that an ecologically effective density of wolves has not become established in east-central Arizona. Furthermore, the lack of recent aspen recruitment in stands accessible to elk indicates an absence, to date, of a tri-trophic cascade.     

鸡公山自然保护区引种药用植物调查研究

鸡公山自然保护区共引种栽培药用植物34科82种,其中裸子植物6科18种,被子植物28科64种。国家二级保护植物6种,国家三级保护植物4种。文章论述了保护区引种药用植物的种类、地点、用途及生长情况,并对其保护及引种驯化提出了建议。