Pathogenesis-related gene expression in rice is correlated with developmentally controlled Xa21-mediated resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Disease resistance mediated by the resistance gene Xa21 is developmentally controlled in rice. We examined the relationship between Pathogenesis Related (PR) defense gene expression and Xa21-mediated developmental disease resistance induced by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). OsPR1a, OsPR1b, and OsPR1c genes were cloned and their induction was analyzed, in addition to the OsPR10a gene, at the juvenile and adult stages in response to a wildtype Xoo strain that induces a resistance response (incompatible interaction) and an isogenic mutant Xoo strain that does not (compatible interaction). We found that the adult stage leaves are more competent to express these OsPR1 genes and that the Xa21 locus is required for the highest levels of induction.     

白灵菇品种的拮抗与品比鉴定

对12个白是菇品种进行了拮抗与品比鉴定。结果表明，这些菌株共含7个性状各异的品种。在生产中应根据不同的栽培季节度不同的栽培目的具体引用。     

安徽省烟草黑胫病菌的交配型及其地理分布研究

 Total 69 isolates of Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae were isolated and identified from tobacco black shank samples collected from different areas of Anhui province, and mating types of the oomycete were investigated by the method of partnership culture in vitro on L-tryptophan medium with β-sitosterol. The results showed that A2 mating type was the predominant in isolates of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae, next was A₀ mating type, A₁ and other mating types were not observed. It was suggested that sexual reproduction of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae might not take place frequently, and Anhui province might not be the original center of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae. The results indicated further that mating type geographical distribution of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae in Anhui province was in line with that in China. In addition, the significance of the test results and the possible reason for A₁ mating type being absent were discussed.     

黄绿绿僵菌对马铃薯瓢虫体内脯活性的影响

对感染黄绿绿僵菌后的马铃薯瓢虫幼虫体内几种酶进行测定，结果表明：黄绿绿僵菌对于马铃薯瓢虫幼虫体内的蛋白质含量、蛋白酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性，都有不同程度的影响，其中对蛋白含量和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的影响较大。     

Differential ability of alcohol fermentation between the seeds of flooding-tolerant and flooding-susceptible varieties of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.

Seed germination and respiratory metabolism under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were studied in the flooding-tolerant and flooding-susceptible varieties of Echinochloa crus-galli with an identical genome and common ancestry . In the flooding-tolerant E. crus-galli var. formosensis , the seeds imbibed under nitrogen could germinate and exhibited an I/N quotient > 0.6. They accelerated glycolysis and concomitantly produced large and equimolar quantities of carbon dioxide and ethanol, suggesting that the seeds of this variety showed operation of the Pasteur effect and respired through alcohol fermentation under anaerobic conditions. The seeds excreted most of the toxic fermentation product. In contrast, the seeds of the flooding-susceptible E. crus-galli var. praticola were capable of germinating only under aerobic conditions through the conventional aerobic respiration and were unable to anaerobically respire to germinate through alcohol fermentation regardless of the presence of both sufficient alcohol dehydrogenase activity and a high redox charge of the pyridine nucleotides.     

细辛挥发油抗植物病原真菌活性初步研究

从天然产物包括植物中开发新的高效低毒环境友好型杀虫杀菌剂，是农药领域重要的研究内容。细辛（Asarum）为马兜铃科（Aristolochiaceae）草本植物，是我国特有的传统中药，中医用于治疗风寒头痛、痰饮咳喘、关节疼痛、鼻塞、牙痛、胃炎以及口腔糜烂等。有文献报道，细辛提取物对黄曲霉（Aspergillus sp．）、黑曲霉（Aspergillusr sp．）、人类致病菌白色念珠菌（Candida sp．）、伤寒杆菌（Salmonella sp．）有抑菌作用；对人参黑斑病菌（Alternaria panax）、人参根疫病菌（Phytophthora cactorum）、腐皮镰孢（Fusarium solani）和番茄灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）等植物病原菌具有较好的抗菌效果。有关细辛抗菌机制的研究尚未见报道。本文选择9属16种植物病原真菌进行生物测定，探讨细辛挥发油抗菌的广谱性，并以Alternaria humicola为研究对象，对其抗菌机理进行初步研究，以便为开发新型植物杀菌剂提供理论依据。     

红果米仔兰杀虫活性成分及毒力的初步研究

为探索楝科植物红果米仔兰的杀虫活性,本以生物活性跟踪法对该种植物的叶的活性成分进行了初步研究,并测定了活性物质对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的毒力。叶的甲醇抽提物活性高于氯仿抽提物和石油醚抽提物。甲醇抽提物经氯仿萃取,所得萃取物通过柱层析,分离得到的４号流份Ｆ４有最高活性。Ｆ４对斜纹夜蛾４龄幼虫的拒食中浓度（ＡＦＣ５０）为０．１２％,致死中浓度（ＬＣ５０）为０．１３％,抑制生长发育中浓度（ＥＣ５０）为０．２１％。     

桑毛虫食叶量的研究

通过本研究，得出桑毛虫食叶量５龄虫全龄为１０４９．６５ｍｇ／条，６龄虫全龄为２４０６．５ｍｇ／条，明确了桑毛虫食叶量与发育时间的关系式，为确定桑毛虫的防治适期提供了依据。     

早熟禾锈病的研究

人工接种实验结果证明，哈尔滨市早熟禾锈病是由冠锈菌引起的，其转主寄主为：小叶鼠李、金刚鼠李和东北鼠李。该病菌主要以冬孢子越冬，也有少量夏孢子可以越冬。用夏孢子人工接种潜育期为９￣１４ｄ，用锈孢子人工接种在２０℃时潜育期为８￣１２ｄ。早熟禾锈病的发病高峰期一般在８月上旬￣９月上旬，病情的轻重与降雨量关系较大。防治试验结果表明：用火烧去草坪上的干枯叶能推迟和降低发病率１０％；定期合理修剪草坪，茬高８ｃ     

长汀县山麻鸭寄生蠕虫调查及其群落生态分析

剖检长汀县２１羽山麻鸭，检得寄生蠕虫１０种，总感染率为８１％，平均感染强度和密度分别为３６条和３０条。各种蠕虫及其感染分别为：楔形前殖吸虫２８．６％，大多形棘头虫４．％，似椎低颈吸虫４．８％，福建单睾绦虫３３．３￥，美国膜壳绦虫４．８％。