Phoma leaf spot of wasabi (Wasabia japonica) caused by Leptosphaeria biglobosa

A leaf spot disease on wasabi plants grown in commercial greenhouses in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia was characterized. Mycelial growth and pycnidial formation were observed within lesions when leaves were incubated under conditions of high humidity. Isolation from diseased tissues consistently yielded colonies of a Phoma species. Sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2) region of eight isolates showed 100% nucleotide sequence identity with Phoma wasabiae and Leptosphaeria biglobosa subspecies ‘occiaustralensis’ and 99.2% identity with L. biglobosa ‘canadensis’. Pathogenicity studies on wasabi leaves showed that wounding greatly facilitated infection and enhanced lesion development for most isolates but was not required for all isolates. Chlorotic areas appeared around the inoculation sites within 4 days, followed by necrosis. Isolates displayed a range of virulence, from weakly to highly virulent, on wasabi leaves. Similar results were observed on leaves of canola cultivar Westar, i.e. wounding significantly increased lesion size and isolates displayed a range of virulence. An isolate of Leptosphaeria maculans ‘brassicae’ from canola was highly virulent on wasabi and canola leaves, causing lesions similar to those of L. biglobosa ‘occiaustralensis’ while an isolate of L. biglobosa ‘canadensis’ from canola was weakly virulent on both hosts and required wounds to infect. These results demonstrate that isolates of L. biglobosa ‘occiaustralensis’ from wasabi are as virulent as L. biglobosa ‘canadensis’ on wasabi and canola leaves but in some cases were comparable in virulence to L. maculans ‘brassicae’.     

茶多酚对生长猪机体维生素E状态、抗氧化性能及肉质的影响

日粮添加维生素E对降低动物脂质过氧化具有重要作用,可以改善动物肉品质及动物健康状况。本试验在日粮中添加不同水平的茶多酚,研究其对生长猪维生素E状态、血浆抗氧化性能及肉质的影响。选择240头平均体重为(31.24±0.48)kg的三元猪,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复20头猪。试验共设计3种日粮,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组在基础日粮中分别添加10和100 mg/kg茶多酚,试验共进行5周。结果显示:各处理组对生长猪试验初期和末期血浆总抗氧化力和铁还原力均无显著影响(P> 0.05),但对照组、10和100 mg/kg茶多酚添加组血浆试验末期铁还原力均显著高于试验初期(P <0.05)。日粮添加茶多酚对生长猪肝脏、肌肉、血浆α-生育酚和γ-生育酚含量均无显著影响(P> 0.05),其中肝脏生育酚含量最高,之后依次是肌肉、肺和血浆。日粮添加10或100 mg/kg茶多酚,肺中α-生育酚和γ-生育酚含量较对照组有提高趋势(P=0.09)。各组对生长猪肉质均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。日粮添加100 mg/kg茶多酚较对照组提高了生长猪屠宰后48 h肌肉的滴水损失。综上所述:生长猪日粮添加茶多酚对组织维生素E水平、血浆抗氧化力及肌肉品质无显著改善作用。     

Specificity of polycllonal and monoclonal antibodies for the identification of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (PCAs and MCAs), produced to whole cells and flagellar extracts ofXanthomonas campestris pv.campestris (Xcc), respectively, were tested for specificity. In immunofluorescence microscopy (IF) the three PCAs tested, reacted at low dilutions with all Xcc strains, some other xanthomonads and non-xanthomonads. At higher dilutions most cross-reactivity with non-xanthomonad strains disappeared. However, the cross-reactivity with strains ofX. c. pv.vesicatoria (Xcv),X. c. pv.amoraciae (Xca) andX. c. pv.phaseoli var. fuscans (Xcpf) remained.Six MCA-producing cell clones viz. 20H6, 2F4, 18G12, 10C5, 17C12 and 16B5 were selected for specificity tests with an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), IF and a dot-blot immunoassay (DBI). None of the MCAs reacted with all Xcc strains in IF and EIA. In DBI, only MCAs 17C12 and 16B5 reacted with all Xcc strains. All six MCAs tested, cross-reacted in one of either tests with other pathovars ofX. campestris, such as Xcv or Xca. The MCAs were also tested in immunoblotting experiments using total bacterial extracts, cell envelope and flagellar extracts. MCAs 20H6, 2F4, 18G12 and 10C5 reacted with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Xcc. MCAs 16B5 and 17C12 reacted with a 39 kilodalton and a 29 kilodalton protein, respectively.It is concluded that the PCAs and MCAs discussed in this study may be used for routine identification and differentiation of (a group of) Xcc strains. The significance of the cross-reactions with other pathovars ofX. campestris needs to be determined by testing seed lots.     

土壤结皮对黑土区坡面产流产沙的影响

土壤结皮对坡面产流形成和侵蚀过程有重要的影响。基于室内人工模拟降雨试验,研究了土壤结皮对黑土区坡面产流产沙的影响。结果表明:土壤结皮促使坡面产流提前发生,但对坡面产流量的影响不甚明显;对坡面侵蚀产沙量却有明显的作用。试验条件下,5°坡面有土壤结皮处理的坡面侵蚀产沙量较无土壤结皮处理减少了54%。有土壤结皮处理的10°坡面,在降雨过程中结皮尚未破坏前,其坡面侵蚀产沙量较无土壤结皮处理的对照减少了40%;一旦土壤结皮被破坏,之后的坡面侵蚀产沙量较无土壤结皮处理的对照增加了46%;在整个降雨过程中,10°有土壤结皮处理的坡面侵蚀产沙量较无土壤结皮处理增加了16%。表明土壤结皮对坡面侵蚀的影响与地面坡度有密切关系。     

育肥猪舍氨气浓度测定与排放通量的估算

在北京选择一典型猪场,对不同季节育肥舍的氨气浓度进行了为期1年的试验测定,2004—2005年试验期间每2个月测定1次,每次测定3～4d,每2h采样一次,并根据二氧化碳平衡原理,对猪场不同生长阶段的育肥猪氨气排放通量进行了估算。结果表明,2005年1月舍内氨气的平均浓度为(10.09±4.60)mg·m-3。2004年7月舍内氨气平均浓度为(3.44±2.34)mg·m-3,5月舍内氨气浓度为(6.29±4.07)mg·m-3,11月舍内氨气浓度为(6.98±2.63)mg·m-3,夏季舍内氨气浓度日夜变化不显著,冬季每日最低氨气浓度出现在9:00—17:00时段;育肥猪饲养期间的氨气排放通量为每头107.18～424.42mg·h-1。     

PCR-RFLP技术检测新嘉兴黑猪氟烷基因

本试验随机抽取嘉兴地区部分猪场新嘉兴黑猪血样,通过PCR-RFLP技术进行氟烷基因检测,结果表明,37头新嘉兴黑猪基因型均为NN,未出现Nn和nn基因型。检测结果为新嘉兴黑猪品种资源保护及合理开发利用提供理论依据。     

硫酸新霉素可溶性粉在靶动物猪的安全性研究

为了客观评价硫酸新霉素可溶性粉对靶动物猪临床应用的安全性,将32头仔猪随机分为4组,每组8头,分别设1倍、3倍、5倍临床推荐剂量组和空白对照组,连续混饮硫酸新霉素可溶性粉15 d,通过检测各组受试猪的临床表现、血液常规指标、血清生化指标、尿液常规指标及病理学变化等评价其临床用药的安全性。结果:硫酸新霉素可溶性粉以5倍临床推荐剂量内应用于靶动物猪后,对其临床症状、体重、血常规、血生化及尿常规等指标没有显著影响,解剖学及病理组织学检查也未见任何病理变化,说明硫酸新霉素可溶性粉以1倍、3倍、5倍临床推荐剂量应用于靶动物猪是安全的。     

季节对美系杜洛克母猪胴体和肉质性能的影响

本试验测定了不同季节对美系杜洛克的胴体和肉质参数的影响。结果提示:季节对美系杜洛克猪的胴体品质无显著影响。在肉质参数中,秋冬季猪肉的红度(6.47±0.73)显著低于春夏季(8.78±0.85),贮存损失(3.26±0.88)也显著低于春夏季(5.63±0.64)。     

日粮维生素E水平对山羊精液品质的影响

采用4×4拉丁方设计,给金堂黑山羊饲喂维生素E浓度不同(常量:30 mg/kg维生素E,10,50,100倍常量的添加量)而其他营养成分均一致的4种日粮,探索日粮中添加维生素E对山羊精液品质的影响。结果表明:日粮中添加维生素E有助于提高山羊采精量、精子密度和鲜精活率,改善其精液品质(P<0.05);随着日粮中维生素E浓度的增加,山羊采精量、精子密度和鲜精活率也随之改善,添加量为常量的50倍(1500 mg/kg)时,精子密度和鲜精活率最佳(P<0.01)。当添加量超过常量50倍时(100),精子密度和鲜精活率有所降低,但与添加量为50倍的试验组差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

三江白猪组织基因组提取及RAPD反应条件的优化

本试验从三江白猪组织中提取总DNA,获得较高质量的模板样品。并对RAPD反应的条件进行了优化,提高RAPD分析的可靠性和重复性。确保三江白猪遗传分析的真实性和准确性,为进一步的研究提供参考条件。