早期疏花对梨果实早期发育影响

以金花梨、早酥梨、线穗梨、金秋梨四个大果型梨品种为试材,在不同时期,采用不同距离疏花,研究了它们的果实早期发育的特点。结果表明:早期疏花幼果细胞数增多;果实体积与细胞数、细胞大小呈正相关。疏花时期与疏花距离的最佳组合为:花序分离期,间距25～30cm。     

可食性保鲜涂膜对冷藏黄花梨品质的影响

为探讨可食性涂膜对冷藏黄花梨的保鲜效果,研究了虫胶和森帕尔2种保鲜膜浸涂的黄花梨在冷藏（4℃）过程中的品质变化的规律,并利用核磁共振成像检测了储藏结束后的黄花梨内部品质变化。结果表明,与直接冷藏的对照组相比,2种可食性保鲜膜处理均可显著降低黄花梨在储藏过程中的呼吸速率和失重,在储藏结束后,分别仅为对照组的74%～80%和68%～81%。并能够减少储藏过程中可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、抗坏血酸含量的变化,维持较低的核磁共振信号强度。与森帕尔保鲜膜相比,除在核磁共振信号强度无显著差异外,虫胶保鲜膜具有更好的保鲜效果。     

Nomenclature and genetic relationships of apples and pears from Terceira Island

Heritage apple (Malus domestica Borkh. hybrids) and pear (Pyrus communis L. hybrid) trees grow in villages throughout Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal. Some of these pears have different names but similar morphology. The objective of this study was to determine synonymy, homology, and phylogeny of apples and pears from Terceira and to examine potential relationships of the island pears with standard apples and pears of Portuguese or American descent. Nine apple microsatellite markers were used to determine genetic relationships. Distance- and parsimony-based cluster analysis grouped these genotypes into separate apple and pear clades. The Terceira apples were divided into two clades: the maçā and the reineta-reinette. Among the 17 heritage apple genotypes, seven unique accessions were identified and four groups of synonyms, or possibly clones, were detected including: ‘Reineta Agosto’ and ‘Reineta Verde’ from Altares; ‘Reineta Castanha’ and ‘Reineta Verde Miuda’; ‘Maçā Pêra,’ ‘Maçā Calhau’, ‘Pêro Branco’ from Salga and from Terra-Chā and ‘Maçā Marmelo’; and the five genotypes ‘Maçā Sao Joao’, ‘Malápio Rosa’, ‘Maçā Gaspar’, ‘Maçā Branca’ and ‘Maçā Pato’. In addition, two homonyms were detected. ‘Pêro Vermelho’ from Terra Chā was a separate genotype from a tree from Doze Ribeiras of the same name, but Pêro Branco from Terra Chā appears to be a clone that can be distinguished by an additional allele at CH1F07a from a tree with that name from Salga. One pair of apple clones, ‘Reineta Agosto’ and ‘Reineta Verde’ from Altares appear to be derived from an unreduced gamete of ‘Golden Delicious.’ Another apple genotype ‘Maçā Acida’ could be a sibling of the ‘Maçā Pêra’ clonal group. Other tested standard apples from the US genebank were unrelated to Terceira genotypes. Of the seven heritage pears, five unique genotypes and one pair of synonyms were detected. ‘Pêra Papo Pintassilgo’ from Raminho and ‘Pêra Vermelha’ from the nursery of Serviço de Desenvolvimento Agario da Terceira (SDAT) were synonyms. ‘Passans du Portugal’ was related to ‘Pêra Cabaca’ but other standard pears from the US genebank were unrelated to Terceira genotypes. Future studies will include additional apple and pear cultivars from other Islands of the Azores and continental Portugal, and wild Asian species to further explore genetic relationships.     

蜜梨NFC果汁清咽功能评价的动物试验研究

为了评价蜜梨NFC果汁的清咽功能,通过大鼠棉球植入、大鼠足趾肿胀、小鼠耳廓肿胀3种动物模型试验,研究不同剂量的蜜梨NFC果汁对大鼠肉芽肿重、大鼠足趾肿胀率、小鼠耳廓肿胀率和动物体重增长的影响。结果表明,与阴性对照组(CK)相比,高剂量组(T3)大鼠肉芽肿净量减少23.47%,差异极显著;T3致炎后2、4 h和中剂量组(T2)致炎后4 h的大鼠足趾肿胀率分别减少14.5%、20.4%和16.5%,且差异显著;T2、T3小鼠耳廓肿胀率分别减少24.1%和27.8%,差异显著;而高、中、低3个剂量组的大鼠或小鼠体重增长量在试验期间均无显著差异。因此,大鼠棉球植入、大鼠足趾肿胀和小鼠耳廓肿胀试验结果均为阳性,且蜜梨NFC果汁对大鼠或小鼠的正常生长无影响,表明蜜梨NFC果汁动物试验结果为阳性,具有清咽功能。研究结果可为蜜梨清咽功能的开发利用提供参考依据。     

"新梨7号"雄性不育特性及其败育的细胞学研究

利用石蜡切片法,观察比较了“新梨7号”及其父母本花药发育和花粉发育过程中细胞学上的变化特征。研究结果表明：“新梨7号”梨花器小,花药干瘪,几乎无花粉粒,表现出雄性不育的空囊花药;导致花粉败育的主要原因可能是：绒毡层细胞在花粉母细胞时期出现畸形、提旱解体,致使绝大多数小孢子母细胞不能正常发育,即使有的小孢子母细胞可以进行减数分裂,但形成的小孢子四分体也不能正常发育成为成熟的花粉粒,导致最终败育。目前大量研究已表明,雄性不育是由基因或染色体调控的。因此,本试验的形态解剖结果是不育基因表达的产物。     

库尔勒香梨的苹果茎痘病毒cDNA探针检测技术研究

 以库尔勒香梨叶片和皮层为材料 ,对 2种总RNA提取方法进行了比较研究 ,从中行筛选出了适合库尔勒香梨的提取方法 ;并利用RT PCR反应体系成功合成了生物素标记的cDNA探针 ,在此基础上 ,对影响杂交灵敏度的主要因素进行了试验研究 ,结果表明 ,当探针浓度为 4 0 0ng·ml-1,甲酰胺浓度为 4 5 % ,4 2℃杂交反应 6h ,可获得最高灵敏度。进口硝酸纤维素膜的灵敏度最好 ,基本无背景。Tween2 0的封闭效果比牛血清白蛋白好。对不同组织和不同提取方法提取的总RNA进行了杂交检测 ,结果表     

西洋梨茎段离体培养与快速繁殖的探讨

以西洋梨两年生植株的嫩茎为外植体材料,ＭＳ为基本培养基,当附加０．４ｍｇ／ＬＩＢＡ和０．６ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ时,试管苗生长良好;生根培养基附加１．２ｍｇ／ＬＩＢＡ的生根效果最理想;开瓶炼苗４ｄ,闲瓶炼苗６ｄ的处理,试管苗移栽成活率高达９４．３％。镜检染色体数目２ｎ＝３４,细胞学性状稳定。     

南果梨多酚氧化酶的研究

南果梨果肉中多酚氧化酶（PPO）氧化邻苯二酚的活性明显高于氧化愈创木酚和间苯二酚的活性。以邻苯二酚为底物时，其多酚氧化酶的最适pH值为6．0。以儿茶酚为底物的多酚氧化酶氧化产物在420nm处有吸收高峰。聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）加入量与南果梨果肉酚类含量比为40：3时，南果梨果肉多酚氧化酶呈最大活性。30℃下多酚氧化酶的活性大于40℃、20℃、10℃、0℃下以儿茶酚为底物的南果梨果肉的多酚氧化酶活性。0．1MVc和001MEDTA对南果梨果肉的多酚氧化酶活性有明显抑制作用。根据凝胶电泳分析，南果梨果肉多酚氧化酶同功酶有8条谱带。     

不同贮藏温度对湘南梨果实品质和乙烯释放量的影响

以湘南梨为试材，对不同贮藏温度条件下的梨果实可溶性固形物含量、失重率、乙烯释放量进行了测定，结果表明低温贮藏可以减小果实可溶性固形物的变化幅度，降低果实失重率，降低果实及各部位的乙烯释放量，改善梨果贮藏保鲜效果，但不改变各指标在贮藏过程中的变化趋势；不同贮藏条件下乙烯生成和乙烯峰值出现的先后顺序均依次为果心、果肉、果皮，贮藏中后期果皮的乙烯释放量明显高于果肉和果心。     

砀山酥梨基因组DNA提取和RAPD条件优选

分别以砀山酥梨不同品系的成熟叶片、幼叶和芽为材料,采用SDS法提取基因组DNA,比较了不同材料的提取效果,并以此为模板进行RAPD反应,优化了RAPD反应条件。结果表明:用幼叶和芽均能提取高质量的基因组DNA,可直接用于RAPD分析,而用成熟叶片虽能提取到基因组DNA,但不能直接用于RAPD分析;优化的RAPD反应体系为:反应体积50μL,包含80ng左右模板DNA、5μL市售10×PCRBuffer、2.0mmol/LMgCl2、120μmol/LdNTPs、3U的Taq酶、0.5μmol/L随机引物;热循环程序为94℃预变性5min,使模板DNA充分变性,然后进入下列温度循环,94℃变性30s,36℃退火45s,72℃延伸90s,循环数40,最后72℃延伸7min。