浅论公路生态与生态保护

从公路建设对自然地貌的改变、地下水文的影响以及引起野生生物生存环境的变化等3个方面论述了公路对自然生态的影响.提出了公路建设要尽可能保持生态原貌,维持原有生态平衡,最大限度恢复原有生态体系,并积极建设生态防护林带等4方面的措施.     

CM模式在中国公路工程项目管理中的应用

针对我国目前公路工程项目管理情况,对CM模式与传统管理模式的优劣进行对比分析,探讨了CM模式在我国公路工程中的实用性.在此基础上,针对我国公路工程的项目管理的需求,设计了三种CM模式,给出了其适用范围,同时对CM模式推广过程中应当注意和解决的问题进行了说明.最后结合我国政府目前推广的代建制,分析了两者内在的关系及其发展前景.     

黑龙江省高等级公路沥青路面抗滑表层初探

随着公路等级的不断提高 ,车辆的行驶速度也在加快 ,这对高等级公路路面的要求也就越来越高 ,因此 ,沥青路面表面的抗滑性能显得很重要。为此提出了调整沥青混合料级配 ,从而提高路面抗滑能力 ,并对验证级配的全过程进行了论述 ,在理论上为下一步的研究打下了坚实的基础。     

Modeling Landscape‐scale Erosion Potential Related to Vehicle Disturbances Along the USA–Mexico Border

Decades of intensive off‐road vehicle use for border security, immigration, smuggling, recreation, and military training along the USA–Mexico border have prompted concerns about long‐term human impacts on sensitive desert ecosystems. To help managers identify areas susceptible to soil erosion from anthropogenic activities, we developed a series of erosion potential models based on factors from the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). To better express the vulnerability of soils to human disturbances, we refined two factors whose categorical and spatial representations limit the application of the USLE for non‐agricultural landscapes: the C‐factor (vegetation cover) and the P‐factor (support practice/management). A soil compaction index (P‐factor) was calculated as the difference in saturated hydrologic conductivity (K_s) between disturbed and undisturbed soils, which was then scaled up to maps of vehicle disturbances digitized from aerial photography. The C‐factor was improved using a satellite‐based vegetation index, which was better correlated with estimated ground cover (r² = 0·77) than data derived from land cover (r² = 0·06). We identified 9,780 km of unauthorized off‐road tracks in the 2,800‐km² study area. Maps of these disturbances, when integrated with soil compaction data using the USLE, provided landscape‐scale information on areas vulnerable to erosion from both natural processes and human activities and are detailed enough for adaptive management and restoration planning. The models revealed erosion potential hotspots adjacent to the border and within areas managed as critical habitat for the threatened flat‐tailed horned lizard and endangered Sonoran pronghorn. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reasons of Tunnel Disease and Disease Management on Highway

Based According to the on the careful investigation in site of highway tunnel, the classification of tunnel disease is obtained. , design and construction of tunnel, in relation to the distribution of stress and loading of tunnel by numerical analysis and back analysis, the existing condition and reasons of tunnel diseases are carefully analyzed. At the same time, the disease management methods are provided, which are important to guide similar tur/nel to search diseases reasons and manage diseases.     

The Monitor Measuring of Highway Tunnel in Natm

It is important that monitor measuring is applied in tunnel in regard to NATM. The monitor measuring of NATM was studied in the Fengmeiya Tunnel in Chongzun Express. Based on the regularity and conditions of the surrounding rock deformation of monitor measuring in site, the optimum time for primary and permanent support are obtained which averting successfully accidents in construction, enhancing the construction qualities and guidance to tunnel construction in Karst areas.     

重大件公路运输轴重对沥青路面的影响分析

在水电站进场道路规划、设计阶段以及重大件运输前,需要分析计算相关道路的适应性和通过性。重大件公路运输对沥青路面的影响主要体现在当量轴次和轴重两方面,本文研究了重大件公路运输的轴栽换算,利用BISAR3．0软件分析计算了沥青路面水泥稳定碎石基层的应力情况,提出了运输重大件的公路沥青路面最小控制厚度要求。研究结果对类似工程具有参考价值。     

延庆县公路边坡植被多样性特征与土壤因子灰关联分析

为研究公路边坡植被的多样性特征及限制其发展的土壤因子,通过调查延庆县旅游观光段和临溪段公路植被,发现线路内共出现39科120种植物,其中乔木树种18种;灌木和草本植物分别有17种和85种。群落各层生态优势度指数的大小顺序为:乔木层灌木层草本层,在调查线路中,古龙路植被的生态优势度最高。草本层的植被多样性指数和丰富度指数比乔木层和灌木层的大,松闫路和古龙路的植被多样性和丰富度指数比栾赤路的小。应用灰色系统理论中的灰色关联度分析方法,对延庆县公路边坡植被多样性特征与土壤因子的关系进行了定量分析,确定出与延庆县公路边坡植被多样性特征关联度较大的土壤因子是pH值、速效钾含量和土壤容重,土壤全氮含量也是完全自然植被的古崖居路植被多样性的限制因子。     

模糊推理技术在公路景观评价系统中的应用

本文研究模糊推理技术在公路景观评价领域的应用,提出采用可信度的双向推理方法用于公路景观评价及恢复系统中,该系统实现领域专家的评价决策,并针对评价结果提出景观的恢复建议,实验结果证明了方法的可行性。该系统在实现过程中建立公路两侧自然本底数据、空间矢量数据、评价指标因子等为主体的数据库;同时还建立由专家知识及经验构成的知识库;相关的评价模型建立模型库和决策库;实现多库统一的决策支持专家系统,实现对公路自身和周围景观的多样性评价;同时对不和谐的评价结果提出相应的恢复方案和措施。     

湘南地区公路护坡植物初步研究

目前，护坡植物在快速恢复遭受破坏的边坡生态环境以及美化公路环境方面的作用日渐为人们所重视。为了发现一些更适合于边坡植被恢复的植物种类，我们对湘南地区护坡植物的种类、生物量和功能等方面进行了初步研究和分析。通过分析不同路域植物的优势种和生长状况，发掘了一些可用于路域防护的优良植物种类。