植物激活蛋白对黄瓜的促生诱抗相关酶的影响

为探讨植物激活蛋白对植物的促生、诱抗作用，以30mg．L^-1的激活蛋白处理黄瓜种子、幼根和叶片，测定了激活蛋白对黄瓜幼根生长以及脱氢酶、过氧化物酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶和脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明，激活蛋白诱导处理黄瓜种子24、36h后，幼根长度均明显高于对照，二者差异显著；处理幼根12h后脱氢酶活性比对照提高29．62％；处理子叶1．5h后脯氨酸含量较对照提高44．61％，4d后苯丙氨酸解氨酶较对照提高15．36％；处理叶片1～6h过氧化物酶活性均高于对照，1．5h后比对照增加了248．73％。     

植物激活蛋白对番茄抗病性的诱导作用

用2μg.ml-1植物激活蛋白处理番茄植株,测定了番茄叶片过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性和过氧化氢的含量。处理番茄4d后,过氧化物酶活性比对照增加117.14%;10min过氧化氢酶活性即迅速上升为对照的2.5倍,12h其活性显著低于对照;过氧化氢含量随过氧化氢酶活性的降低逐渐增加,在36h达最大值134.67μmol.g-1,比对照提高27.5%。通过半定量RT-PCR方法测定了参与蜡质合成基因Cer1表达水平,结果表明,处理番茄2d后Cer1表达量约为对照的2倍。植物激活蛋白处理番茄植株,对灰霉病的防治效果21d时达71.30%。     

我国植物激活蛋白诱导的生物化学活性研究进展及应用

植物激活蛋白是一种来源于真菌的新型多功能微生物蛋白农药。本文介绍了我国在植物激活蛋白作用机制研究方面的进展;列举了植物激活蛋白在生产上的一些应用实例并分析了其应用前景。     

植物抗病激活剂诱导植物抗病性的研究进展

植物抗病激活剂本身及其代谢物无直接的杀菌活性,但可刺激植物的免疫系统而诱导植物产生具有广谱性、持久性和滞后性的系统获得性抗病性能(SAR).植物抗病激活剂的诱导除了可以引起植物富含羟脯氨酸糖蛋白(HRGP)的变化,导致木质素在细胞壁沉积,使植物形成物理防御机制外,经植物抗病激活剂诱导后的植株能导致内源水杨酸(SA)的累积、形成氧化激增,植物局部细胞程序化死亡而产生过敏反应(HR),植物抗病激活剂诱导后产生的抗病信号经内源信号传导物质SA、茉莉酸(JA)、乙烯(Et)和一氧化氮(NO)可传导到达整个植株,经过一系列抗病相关基因的调控和表达可引起寄主防御酶系如苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(β-1,3-glucanase)、几丁质酶(chitinase)、过氧化物酶(POX)等以及抗病物质如木质素与植保素等的变化及病程相关蛋白(PRP)的调控与表达.文中讨论了植物抗病激活剂概念和种类及其诱导抗病作用的主导机制,指出了植物抗病激活剂的应用前景和发展方向及使用和研究开发中可能存在的问题与对策.     

Rosiglitazone inhibits osteoclastogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis by down-regulating RANKL expression and suppressing ERK phosphorylation

AIM: To investigate the effects of rosiglitazone on fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS)-induced osteoclastogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the related mechanism. METHODS: RA-FLS were cocultured with peripheral blood monocytes from healthy volunteers in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and rosiglitazone. Osteoclasts were assayed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Resorption lacunae area was identified by toluidine blue staining and quantified by image analysis software. The mRNA expression of RANKL and OPG was evaluated by real-time PCR, and the protein levels of RANKL, OPG, p-ERK, p-p38 and p-JNK were measured by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with control group (without rosiglitazone treatment), rosiglitazone at concentration of 15 μmol/L significantly decreased the number of osteoclasts (P<0.01) and resorption lacunae area (P<0.05). The expression of RANKL at mRNA and protein levels was significantly down-regulated by rosiglitazone at concentration of 15 μmol/L, while the mRNA and protein expression of OPG was up-regulated (P<0.01). Rosiglitazone (15 μmol/L) significantly decreased the protein level of p-ERK (P<0.05), but not the protein level of p-p38 or p-JNK (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Rosiglitazone inhibits RA-FLS-induced osteoclast formation and its resorption activity by down-regulating RANKL expression and ERK phosphorylation, suggesting that rosiglitazone may inhibit RA osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.     

Adverse effects of intrapleural instillation of tissue plasminogen activator in a horse: Suspected re‐expansion pulmonary oedema

This case report describes a 5‐year‐old pregnant Warmblood mare that was being treated for fibrinous bacterial pleuropneumonia. Since initial attempts to drain and lavage both pleural cavities were ineffective due to the presence of extensive intrapleural fibrin loculations, recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was instilled into both pleural cavities, to promote fibrinolysis and improve drainage. Within 1–2 h of instilling tPA, the horse became distressed, with increasing dyspnoea, tachycardia, pleurodynia and hypoxaemia. At 4 h post tPA instillation, diffuse bilateral pulmonary oedema was evidenced by the onset of widespread audible inspiratory crackles and ultrasonographic ring‐down artefacts. Ultrasonography demonstrated that tPA had induced pleural fibrinolysis, thereby removing the restrictive effects of pleural adhesions on lung motion and facilitating lung re‐expansion. Re‐expansion pulmonary oedema was suspected, although an adverse drug reaction could not be excluded. The complication resolved with nasal oxygen supplementation, and administration of frusemide, meloxicam, morphine and hydroxyethyl starch. Subsequent repetition of intrapleural tPA instillation and thoracic drainage had no apparent adverse effect. The mare was discharged from the hospital and subsequently foaled successfully. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of re‐expansion pulmonary oedema are reviewed.     

新型激活蛋白对棉花纤维品质的影响初探

采用浓度为3μg/ml的新型激活蛋白进行浸种,以及大田不同生育时期喷施,来观察棉花纤维品质指标的变化。结果表明,新型激活蛋白对于提高棉花纤维长度、整齐度、比强度、伸长率、反射率、纺纱均匀性指数等具有显著的效果,并能有效地降低纤维麦克隆值和黄度。通过灰色关联度分析,对本试验涉及的棉花纤维品质8个指标进行重要性排序为:长度>麦克隆值>整齐度>比强度>反射率>纺纱均匀性指数>伸长率>黄度。按照各指标的重要性不同,各处理效果依次为:浸种 幼苗期喷雾>浸种 现蕾期喷雾>浸种>浸种 初花期喷雾>初花期喷雾>对照,其中以浸种、浸种 幼苗期喷雾和浸种 现蕾期喷雾处理优势最强,可以作为激活蛋白应用于棉花大田生产的有效措施。     

结肠癌组织中中期因子、尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物的表达及意义

目的了解结肠癌组织中中期因子（MK）、尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（uPA）表达及其与结肠癌临床病理特征的关系。方法收集55例病理学确证的结肠癌组织标本（病例组）和30例结肠癌癌旁的正常组织标本（对照组）,采用免疫组织化学方法（SP法）检测其MK、uPA的表达。结果病例组中MK、uPA表达率分别为56.36%、61.82%,对照组分别为13.33%、16.67%,两组的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结肠癌组织中MK、uPA表达与癌组织的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移有相关性,而与性别和年龄无相关性。MK与uPA表达呈正相关（r=0.44,P〈0.05）。结论 MK、uPA表达与结肠癌侵袭、转移密切相关,二者联合检测可作为判断结肠癌发展及预后的指标。     

马铃薯花青素转录激活基因stwd40的克隆与表达分析

根据GenBank中报道的茄属植物矮牵牛花青素wd40类转录激活基因an11及番茄wd40基因113964R的mRNA序列的保守区结构,设计简并引物,从紫色马铃薯皮中克隆了马铃薯wd40类转录激活基因的保守片段,再分别利用RACE技术获得了该基因的3'端和5'端。序列分析表明,该基因核苷酸序列为1292bp,具有完整的编码框,推导其编码362个氨基酸,命名为stwd40。推测的氨基酸序列与GenBank数据库中大量物种的花青素转录激活蛋白stwd40有较高的同源性,其中与矮牵牛的花青素转录调控基因an11的相似性达86%。RT-PCR表达分析显示stwd40在紫色马铃薯叶、茎、皮、肉及根中都有表达,其中在茎中的表达量最高,肉中表达量最低,且在白色马铃薯的叶、皮和肉中也有表达,推测该基因为组成型表达。     

活化剂对黑土有效磷含量及玉米产量影响的研究

本试验研究了活化剂对玉米各生育时期土壤有效磷含量和玉米产量的影响,得出以下结果:施用活化剂能有效减缓土壤有效磷下降的趋势,提高玉米产量,其中以活化剂H2(450 kg/hm2)效果最好,其次为柠檬酸铵(15 kg/hm2)和腐植酸(150 kg/hm2),分别比对照(处理3)增产9.32%、5.99%和4.99%。活化剂主要通过增大千粒重和穗粒数来增加玉米产量。相关分析得出,玉米产量与抽穗期土壤有效磷含量的相关性最大,应掌握好抽穗期合理施肥。