几种杀菌剂对猕猴桃主要真菌性叶斑病菌的室内毒力测定

猕猴桃假尾孢Psedocercospora actinidiae Deighton和叶点霉菌Phyllosticta sp．是引起猕猴桃生长期的两种主要真菌病害。为了能筛选到对猕猴桃假尾孢和叶点霉菌具有高效抑制作用的杀菌剂,本文采用茵丝生长速率法测定了几种杀菌剂的毒力,结果表明,除腈菌唑外其余几种杀菌剂均可作为猕猴桃主要叶斑病的田间药效试验的首选药剂。     

秃瓣杜英开花与结实物候期的研究

秃瓣杜英是我国南方特产的优良绿化树种,湖南是该树种绿化苗木及种子的主产区。本文首次报道秃瓣杜英开花与结实的物候期,野生种与栽培类型的花、果及种子的形态变异,提出每年最佳采种时间山区为9月28日~10月5日,丘陵区为9月30日~10月7日。     

金农糖橘的特征特性及配套栽培技术

金农糖橘是柑橘新品种,肉质脆嫩,汁多味浓甜,有香味、口感好、品质极优。该品种果实挂树期长,采摘上市时间弹性大,耐贮藏,市场发展前景好。本文概述了金农糖橘的特征特性,并分别从肥水管理、花果管理、病虫害防治等几个方面总结了该品种的栽培管理措施,以期为金农糖橘的品种推广提供依据。     

基质深度及基质袋摆放方式对春季袋培番茄产量、品质和养分吸收的影响

为探究不同栽培深度基质和基质袋摆放对春季袋培番茄产量、品质、养分吸收和基质养分利用率的影响,以‘巴宝丽’番茄为试材,设置不同基质深度(7.5、10.5和13.5cm)及基质袋不同摆放方式(地面摆放和地面下沉20cm),共6个处理,测定了番茄的生长发育、产量、品质和养分吸收等指标。结果表明:栽培基质深度对产量、果实品质均有显著影响;基质袋摆放方式对产量影响不显著,但显著影响果实可溶性蛋白、番茄红素、硝酸盐和有机酸含量;基质深度和基质袋摆放方式对果实硝酸盐含量的影响有显著的交互作用。随着栽培基质深度的增加,产量显著提高,品质明显改善;基质深度13.5cm时,番茄单株产量最高,达3.83kg/株。基质袋摆放方式和基质深度对番茄开花期、初果期及盛果期P和K的累积吸收影响显著,基质深度对番茄开花期、初果期和盛果期N的吸收也有显著影响,基质深度和基质袋摆放方式对开花期和初果期番茄植株N、P和K的累积吸收存在显著的交互作用。基质内N、P和K养分利用率均是基质深度为13.5cm的处理最高,且不同基质袋摆放方式对基质养分利用率无显著影响。综上,为实现省工省力且高产优质载培,在实际生产中推荐将春季栽培番茄的基质深度设置为13.5cm(即基质供应量为9L/株)且地面摆放。     

不同施肥水平对金丝枣生长和品质的影响

为了研究不同施肥量对金丝枣树生长效应的影响,为辽宁朝阳地区金丝枣合理施肥提高依据。采用田间试验方法,研究不同施肥水平对2a生树龄的金丝枣枣园土壤、叶片SPAD值、单果重、果实横纵经、硬度等品质的影响。结果表明（1）肥料的施用能在一定程度上増加土壤中植物所需速效养分的含量,提高土壤养分含量。（2）适量的氮磷钾施肥水平能够增加果实横纵径和可溶性固形物含量,降低果实的有机酸含量,同时提高叶片的SPAD值。氮磷钾肥料的合理配合施用,能够提高肥料利用率,增加土壤养分含量,改善枣果品质。     

茄子果长遗传效应的初步研究

用长果自交系I521593和短果自交系SJ16212865为材料,通过自交、杂交和回交,获得亲本、F1、F2、BC1和BC2各世代,按照数量遗传学理论对6个世代群体的果长的遗传效应进行了研究。结果表明:茄子果长遗传方式属于数量遗传;其遗传效应符合加性—显性遗传模型,且以加性效应为主,在遗传中表现部分显性,有倾大值亲本的现象;控制果长性状的最少基因数目为3对;果长的狭义遗传力为71.01%。     

不同鲜食葡萄品种裂果特性分析

[目的]研究新疆主栽鲜食葡萄品种裂果特性差异和引起裂果生理原因,分析鲜食葡萄品种裂果特性差异,为生产过程中降低裂果发生率生产调控措施的选择提供理论依据.[方法]以无核白、无核紫、无核白鸡心、新郁等12个鲜食葡萄品种为研究对象,分析成熟期浸水诱导裂果,对不同鲜食葡萄品种的裂果特性,通过石蜡切片测定果皮细胞结构特征,测定果...     

吴起县"果用型"沙棘林分改造技术

1998年以来,吴起县共在退耕地营造沙棘林12.53万hm2,人均1hm2,吴起也成为全国沙棘种植面积最大的县。但退耕8年后,农民的生计如何解决,是一个迫切需要回答的问题。本文对“果用型”沙棘林分改造技术进行了一些探讨,提出对退耕地中条件较好的4万hm2雌株沙棘林,在保证密度、不破坏地被物、不引起水土流失的前提下,进行适度改造,以形成良好的结果冠形,增加结实量,借此增加农民的采果叶收入,提高其种植、管护、经营沙棘林的积极性,从而实现生态、经济“双盈”的目标。     

Agroforestry techniques for the rehabilitation of degraded salt-affected lands in India

The development of appropriate technologies for the judicious use of India's 8.11 million ha of salt-affected lands would give increased food, fodder and fuelwood production. A sizeable portion of the salt-affected lands of the Indo-Gangetic plain have been reclaimed through chemical amendments and are being commercially used for arable farming. However, large areas of salt-affected common lands, village and government lands and waste lands near cities, along railway tracks and roads do not have any productive use. Owing to their sparse vegetative cover such lands are vulnerable to further degradation and can be a source of runoff causing floods, especially where cows congregate. Research at the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal has generated agroforestry techniques which could enable the economic exploitation of such marginal lands. This paper deals with various aspects of these techniques, which have been applied to over 50 000 ha by 1994. Based on eight to ten years of growth and biomass figures, the most salt-tolerant woody species identified were: Prosopis juliflora, Acacia nilotica, Casuarina equisetifolia, Tamarix articulata, Leptochloa fusca (a palatable forage grass which was found to be a promising primary colonizer of salt lands). Agronomic practices for the successful establishment of trees such as planting methods, amendment use, irrigation, spacing and lopping schedules are discussed. A Prosopis juliflora-leptochloa fusca silvipastoral model was found to be excellent for fuelwood and forage production and for the amelioration of high pH soils. This system, when followed for little more than four years, reclaims alkali soils to such an extent that normal agriculture crops such as Trifolium alexandrinum and T. resupinatum can be grown successfully. A ridge-trench system of tree planting was found to be helpful in alkali soils, the in situ rainwater conservation it led to assisting biomass production. Eucalyptus tereticornis, Populus deltoides and Tectona grandis based agroforestry were promising for reclaimed salt-affected lands. The short- and long-term effects of various tree plantations on the physicochemical properties of the soil and on soil-water relations are also discussed. Agroforestry options for the development of salt-affected lands found in various agroclimatic zones of India are explored.