竹粉的稀硫酸预处理及酶解技术研究

采用稀酸对竹粉进行预处理,结果表明竹粉酶解的最佳优化条件为:温度125℃,固液比最佳比值为1:10,硫酸浓度为4%,预处理时间为2 h,经过酶处理以后,其竹粉水解率达57.99%,半纤维素水解达70.18%.     

玉米秸秆干发酵产沼气试验研究

研究添加微生物菌剂、沼渣堆沤对玉米秸秆干发酵产沼气的影响。结果表明：经过微生物菌剂、沼渣堆沤后的玉米秸秆在于发酵过程中日产气量高于对照,其中添加微生物菌剂处理的玉米秸秆显示出较好的日产气能力,累积产气量最高,沼气甲烷含量潜力最强,说明玉米秸秆干发酵时添加微生物菌剂进行堆沤预处理的方法最好。     

NaOH固态化学预处理对麦秸沼气发酵效率的影响研究

采用NaOH对麦秸进行固态化学预处理以提高麦秸的厌氧消化效率和产气量,并对不同负荷率下麦秸的产气情况进行了试验研究。结果表明,经4%～10%（以麦秸干重计）NaOH预处理过的麦秸的总产气量、单位TS产气量、TS和VS去除率显著提高,厌氧消化时间最大可缩短22d。其中,经6%NaOH预处理后的麦秸在65g·L^-1负荷率下的单位TS产气量最高,为380.9mL·g^-1,与未处理麦秸相比,提高了49.9%,厌氧消化时间缩短了19d。说明NaOH固态化学预处理是一种提高麦秸厌氧消化效率和产气量的有效方法。     

秸秆厌氧消化预处理技术综述

农作物秸秆是一种重要的富含有机质(80％～90％)的生物质能源,因其复杂的晶体结构,不能直接被厌氧菌群利用来生产沼气.因此以秸秆作为原料发酵时,需要进行预处理,使复杂的晶体结构得到破坏,从而易于被厌氧菌群利用.文章综述了国内外用物理法、化学法、生物法、物化法预处理秸秆的相关研究进展,考查了不同预处理方法对厌氧消化效果的影响.     

Quantitative Measurement of Organic Carbon in Mine Wastes: Methods Comparison for Inorganic Carbon Removal and Organic Carbon Recovery

The present study aims to evaluate carbon recovery and analytical precision of two methods based on dry combustion for organic carbon (OC) quantification in base metal mine tailings: (1) IC subtraction method (inorganic C(IC) measured and subtracted from total C) and (2) direct OC quantification after acid pretreatment. Results showed IC subtraction method effectively hydrolyzed a range of IC minerals [calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), magnesium carbonate (MgCO₃), dolomite, magnesite, calcite] with satisfactory IC (as CO₂ released) recovery (87–103 percent). In the direct OC quantification method, 5 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) pretreatment resulted in a satisfactory recovery (76–92 percent) of most organic compounds [ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), cellulose, plant litter, and charcoal], except for water-soluble OC (sucrose, 40 percent recovery). The precision of both methods declined when C levels were <5 g kg^?1 with RSD (Relative Standard Deviation) > 10 percent. The OC values in test samples of base metal mine tailings were comparable between the two methods. However, IC subtraction method is not applicable for tailings with low OC levels (<5 g kg^?1) until the precision is substantially improved. Moreover, compared to the IC subtraction method, OC values are significantly lower in direct OC quantification method for tailings with high OC levels.     

Air-drying changes the distribution of Hedley phosphorus pools in forest soils

Hedley labile phosphorus(P) pools in soil tend to be several times larger than annual forest requirements, even in highly weathered soils characterized by P limitation. The discrepancy between plant and soil P status could be partly attributable to the frequently adopted air-drying pretreatment that tends to increase soil P solubility. In this study, the effects of air-drying on the distribution of Hedley P fractions were examined using soils collected under 4 forest types at Gongga Mountain, so...     

用加压热水预处理山毛榉树粉生产燃料乙醇的初步研究

采用间歇式加压热水实验装置,研究了加压热水用于山毛榉树粉的分离规律,探讨了不同温度、处理时间对生物质分离的影响。当温度低于200℃时,随着温度升高和反应时间延长,木粉溶解量、木糖浓度和糠醛浓度均逐渐升高,而葡萄糖浓度和5-羟甲基糠醛浓度则较低。但当温度高于200℃时,生物质溶解量基本不随反应时间的变化而变化,葡萄糖浓度随反应时间延长逐渐增加,木糖浓度则随着反应时间的延长而下降,糠醛浓度则随着反应时间的延长基本不变甚至略有下降,5-羟甲基糠醛浓度则随着反应时间的延长而增大。     

中药材农药残留检测技术研究现状及展望

中药材产业是中华民族原创的具有悠久历史的传统产业,中药材在人类与疾病的抗争史上做出了重大贡献。近年来,中药材中检出农药残留的新闻时有报道,严重影响我国中药材的安全和走向国际市场。本文从中药材农药残留现状、农残检测前处理技术、农残检测方法等方面进行综述,对我国中药材农药残留原因进行剖析,并提出相应的建议,旨在为开展中药材农残检测等相关研究工作提供理论参考。     

NaHCO3前处理对生物炭性质及其磷吸附能力的影响

为探究NaHCO₃前处理对不同种类生物炭性质及其磷吸附能力的影响,借助元素分析、光电子能谱、孔径分析、扫描电镜等手段对比处理前后秸秆、壳核及其他3类生物炭表面特性和孔结构的差异,基于吸附等温线和Freundlich与Dubinin-Radushkevich模型拟合,探讨生物炭性质控制磷吸附的机理。结果表明：NaHCO₃前处理总体提高了各类生物炭的比表面积和孔体积,增幅分别为2.70%～110.84%和1.42%～123.80%,提高其芳香性(C=C),H/C增幅为5.56%～29.41%,同时降低了极性官能团(C—O和C=O)含量,极性指数[(O+N)/C]降幅为13.18%～46.34%。原始生物炭的磷释放量范围为78.33～568.33 mg·kg^-1,NaHCO₃前处理显著增加各类生物炭对磷的吸附,使其表现出近似的磷吸附能力(Freundlich吸附系数K_F范围为119～254 mg^1-n·Lⁿ·kg^-1)...