Effect of NaCl stress on ion distribution in roots and growth of Cyclocarya paliurus seedlings

We studied ion distribution in roots and the growth of Cyclocarya paliurus seedlings of three provenances, Huangshan in Anhui, Jiujiang in Jiangxi and Kunming in Yunnan, under conditions of 0, 1, 3 and 5 g/L NaCl stress using X-ray microanalysis. Results show that under NaCl stress of 3 and 5 g/L, the relative contents of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ in root tissues increased, while the relative contents of K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ decreased. With an increase in salinity, the relative content of Na⁺ in the epidermis and cortex of the root increased, while the relative content of Cl⁻ in the stele and cortex of the root increased markedly. Thus, ions in the root tissues were unbalanced and the ratios K⁺/Na⁺ and Ca²⁺/Na⁺ decreased, while Na⁺/(K⁺+ Na⁺+Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺) increased. The decrease of the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio and the substantial increase of Cl⁻ in root tissues contributed to a decline in seedlings survival and reduced the increments for seedling leaf area, height, basal diameter as well biomass. Our preliminary conclusion is that the level of salt tolerance for the tested provenance seedlings was in the order of Huangshan > Kunming > Jiujiang, and the threshold of salt tolerance for C. paliurus seedlings was about 1 g/L. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinica, 2008, 44(6): 66–72 [틫自: 쇖튵뿆톧]     

Intra-annual growth response of adult Norway spruce (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Picea abies</Emphasis> [L.] KARST.) and European beech (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fagus sylvatica</Emphasis> L.) to an experimentally enhanced,free-air ozone regime

Several findings indicate an impact of ozone on stem diameter growth leaving the question unanswered, if and how the intra-annual growth pattern is changed. In this study the hypotheses are tested, that (1) ozone will alter the absolute growth and (2) alter and shift the period of growth activity within a year. Our data originates from the free air ozone fumigation experiment ‘Kranzberger Forst’ in a mixed stand of Norway spruce and common beech near Freising/Germany. Annual and intra-annual growth reactions of a sample of five adult beech and five spruce trees, exposed to double ambient ozone were examined and compared to the same number of untreated reference trees. Diameter increments were measured with plastic diameter girth bands and high-resolution, automatically logging micro-dendrometers, mounted at breast height (1.3 m). We used the increment data from the growth periods 2000 to 2005. The high-resolution micro-dendrometer data were examined by fitting a Weibull function to the standardized annual growth profiles to obtain curve parameters for statistical tests. We estimated the parameters ‘T’ which represents the point of time, when 63% of the annual diameter increment is performed and the parameter ‘m’, the Weibull module, which was used as an indicator for the span of time needed to complete the annual growth. The statistical significance of these curve parameters, together with the absolute diameter increment, was tested by use of mixed regression models. The analysis of the growth curve parameters revealed a significantly altered intra-annual growth pattern of both species induced by ozone. Spruce under ozone showed reduced absolute annual diameter increment and a preponed growth activity compared to untreated trees. Beech’s absolute diameter increment was not affected under ozone, but its growth activity was delayed. For both species, ozone fumigation did not alter the individual length of the annual growing season. These results are discussed with respect to drought, tree ring anatomy and tree allometry. The study shows that ozone is able to change growth behaviour of trees even if increment losses are not obvious. This article belongs to the special issue "Growth and defence of Norway spruce and European beech in pure and mixed stands".     

关于门式起重机主要部分杆件应力的测定及分析

本文根据各类型杆件断面在不同载荷作用下的应力分布规律，得出门式起重机主要部件杆件的应力分析和测定方法。从而为门式起重机的拓展应用、性能安全和高效运作提供了技术保证。     

植物对温度逆境的交叉适应性及其机制研究进展

本文简述了交叉适应的概念及其存在的普遍性,并对其产生的生理生化机制和分子生物学基础进行了评述。     

闭颖授粉水稻CL01的抗逆性及其相适应的生理特点

本文对开颖授粉水稻材料T168和闭颖授粉水稻材料CL01进行了比较研究. 发现在连续人工降雨和低温处理条件下, CL01的结实率受影响较小; 相反, T168的结实率随着处理天数的增加而迅速降低, 说明CL01的抗逆性较强. 通过对从开花前5天到开花当天的花药和花丝的长度、浆片的大小以及在开花过程中浆片的鲜重和干重的变化的研究, 揭     

NaCl胁迫对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响

以小麦烟农19和克旱16为材料,研究NaCl胁迫下对小麦不同品种种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：在NaCl胁迫下,小麦两个品种的发芽率、苗高、根长、苗重、根重、根数等均随浓度的增加呈下降趋势,其中NaCl胁迫对苗重与根重的影响较大,依品种不同在浓度25mmol/L和50mmol/L时显著低于对照。小麦两个品种对NaCl的耐受性不同,烟农19较克旱16耐NaCl胁迫。     

植物生态适应性在植物水生诱导上的运用

本文通过论述植物普遍存在的生态适应性,环境变化对适应性形成及进化上的影响,以及植物生态适应性形成过程中胁迫环境的重要性,分析了植物水生诱导过程中相关的生理生化生态的变化规律,提出了利用人工环境模拟技术来促进植物通气组织形成的技术路线,形成了一套完整可操作的植物水生诱变操作流程,并展现了植物水生诱变技术在生产生活生态上的广阔前景与市场空间。     

NaCl对高羊茅萌发的胁迫效应研究

通过室内模拟盐胁迫对高羊茅不同品种萌发的胁迫效应研究,揭示单盐对牧草、草坪草种子萌发活力的影响和萌发盐分临界值,以期为盐碱地改良和优良牧草的引选提供依据;用不同浓度NaCl作为高羊茅萌发培养液,通过测定相对发芽率并对其进行回归分析;结果表明,NaCl盐胁迫对高羊茅种子的萌发有抑制作用,且在0～0.6%的低盐浓度范围内抑制作用不明显,NaCl盐浓度高于0.6%时抑制作用显著;0.4%、0.6%、1.2%的NaCl浓度是高羊茅相对发芽率变化的几个"拐点"(即敏感点);高羊茅相对发芽率与盐浓度呈极显著负相关,Y=101.75-47.371 x,r=-0.98;14个品种中萌发期较耐盐的品种有佛浪、爆发力和翠碧A,火凤凰、交战2和火凰RT耐盐性较差;高羊茅萌发阶段进行耐盐性评价时,相对发芽率和耐盐半致死浓度是很好的萌发能力的鉴定指标,可以作为种子耐盐能力评价指标,但耐盐致死浓度不宜作鉴定指标.     

三个向日葵品种在培养基中的耐盐性鉴定

利用组织培养方法,在MS培养基中添加不同浓度NaCl溶液(0、65mmol/L、130mmol/L、200mmol/L、270mmol/L)培养3个向日葵品种(甘葵一号、赤峰白、长岭白),观察NaCl胁迫对向日葵幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,出芽率、出苗率和茎粗受NaCl胁迫较小,而NaCl胁迫显著地降低了幼苗苗高、叶片数和鲜重,NaCl浓度为200mmol/L时严重地影响向日葵幼苗生长。在3个向日葵品种中,长岭白对NaCl的耐受性好于其他两个品种。     

以早籼14、紫恢100和M3122为背景的导入系构建及其筛选鉴定

以国际合作网络征集的150余份材料,进行农艺性状观察,白叶枯病和稻瘟病的抗性鉴定,同时还进行了耐低磷、低氮筛选,获得大量数据,筛选了一批抗白叶枯病、稻瘟病、耐低磷、耐低氮资源,为分子育种的亲本利用和后代筛选提供参考。以早籼14、紫恢100、M3122为受体,以上述的150余份材料为供体,采用大规模杂交、2～3次回交、2～3次自交,培育以早籼14、紫恢100、M3122为背景的近等基因导入系5700多份,并对这些导入系进行抗旱、耐低氮、耐低磷、抗寒性及直链淀粉含量等初步筛选,获得了一批有目标性状的近等基因导入系,为新基因发掘、新品种选育提供重要的材料基础。并选育了3个有苗头的新品系进入省级预试、区试或生产试验,以进一步确定其利用价值。