维生素B_2对中华蜜蜂工蜂寿命及学习记忆能力的影响

本试验旨在研究维生素B_2对中华蜜蜂工蜂寿命及学习记忆能力的影响。试验分为工蜂饲养试验和学习记忆试验2部分。工蜂饲养试验:将1日龄中华蜜蜂工蜂分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复约200只。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂1∶1的糖水,2个试验组在1∶1糖水的基础上分别添加100(Ⅱ组)、400 mg/kg(Ⅲ组)的维生素B_2,每天记录各组工蜂的死亡情况,直到全部死亡。工蜂学习记忆试验:分组方法同工蜂饲养试验,并按照工蜂饲养方法对1日龄工蜂喂养7 d后,利用吻伸反应方法测定工蜂短时学习记忆及长时学习记忆能力,并通过荧光定量PCR检测学习成功后工蜂学习记忆相关基因的相对表达量。结果表明:工蜂的平均寿命随维生素B_2添加量的升高而延长,而且试验组(Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组)的平均寿命显著高于对照组(P0.05),但Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组间差异不显著(P0.05)。Ⅲ组工蜂的长时学习记忆及短时学习记忆能力均显著高于对照组和Ⅱ组(P0.05),而且Ⅱ组工蜂的长时学习记忆能力也显著高于对照组(P0.05)。Ⅲ组工蜂的多巴胺受体基因2(Acdop3)、c AMP反应元件结合蛋白(Ac CREB)相对表达量均显著高于对照组和Ⅱ组(P0.05),而且Ⅱ组工蜂的Acdop3相对表达量也显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此得出,维生素B_2影响中华蜜蜂工蜂的寿命及学习记忆能力,在人工饲喂蜂群时需要提供适量的维生素B_2。     

Basic characterization of avian β‐defensin genes in the Japanese quail,Coturnix japonica

In this study, we identified a cluster of 14 avian β‐defensins (AvBD; approximately 66 kbp) in the Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica. Except for AvBD12 (CjAvBD12) and ‐13, the CjAvBDs coding sequences exhibited greater than 78.0% similarity to the respective orthologous chicken AvBD genes (GgAvBD). The putative amino acid sequence encoded by each CjAvBD contained six cysteine residues and the GXC (X1‐2) motif considered essential for the β‐defensin family. Each CjAvBDs also formed a sub‐group with the respective orthologous genes of various bird species in a phylogenetic tree analysis. Synteny between the CjAvBD cluster and GgAvBD cluster was confirmed. The CjAvBD cluster was mapped on the long‐arm end of chromosome 3 by linkage analysis based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CjAvBD1 and CjAvBD12 (approximately 46kbp), as well as GgAvBD cluster. We also confirmed that CjAvBD1, ‐4, ‐5, ‐9, and ‐10 are transcribed in 20 tissues, including immune and digestive tissues. However, our experimental data indicated that the CjAvBD cluster lacks the AvBD3 and ‐7 loci, whereas the CjAvBD101α, ‐101β, and ‐101θ loci arose from gene duplication of the AvBD6 orthologous locus in the CjAvBD cluster after differentiation between Coturnix ‐ Gallus.     

Comparison of emission estimates for non‐CO2 greenhouse gases from livestock and poultry in Korea from 1990 to 2010

It has often been claimed that non‐carbon dioxide greenhouse gases (NCGGs), such as methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated greenhouse gases, are significant contributors to climate change. Here we nvestigate emission estimates of methane and nitrous oxide from livestock and poultry production, which is recognized as a major source of those NCGGs, in Korea over the period of 1990 through 2010. Based on the data on livestock and poultry populations, emission estimates of methane and nitrous oxide are first derived based on the Tier 1 approach. Then, the Tier 2 approach is adopted to obtain emission estimates of methane and nitrous oxide from cattle, which are known to be the largest sources of these NCGGs and account for about 70% of emissions from livestock and poultry in Korea. The result indicates that the Tier 2 estimates of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management are significantly different from the Tier 1 estimates over the analysis period.     

Polymorphism of P53‐Ets/AP1 transactivation region of MDM2 oncogene and its immunohistochemical analysis in canine tumours

Mouse Double Minute‐2 (MDM2) is an ubiquitin ligase which is overexpressed or its promoter polymorphism has been reported in different tumours. The objective of this study was to examine the MDM2 protein expression and its promoter polymorphism in some canine tumours. Twenty specimens were collected from 20 dogs with 15 mammary gland carcinomas, 3 lymphomas, 1 transmissible venereal tumour and 1 trichoblastoma. Samples were analysed immunohistochemically using human antibody against MDM2 protein. PCR and DNA sequencing were carried out to identify MDM2 promoter polymorphism. MDM2 gene was expressed in 13 of 20 samples including 11 mammary carcinomas, 1 lymphoma and 1 trichoblastoma. We found 94% homology between canine and human sequences. Four mutations including G169C, A177G, G291T and A177G were identified in different types of breast carcinomas. An extra p53 response element was found in a mixed mammary carcinoma.     

氯化钙对野葛块根低温贮藏生理生化指标的影响

研究氯化钙对野葛低温贮藏生理生化指标的影响.结果表明:在2%的氯化钙处理下,4℃低温可明显抑制贮藏期间块根含水量的下降,并且可使可溶性蛋白和可溶性总糖含量增加,有利于野葛块根采后的贮藏.     

Effect of prostaglandin F2alpha on ovarian, adrenal, and pituitary hormones and on luteal blood flow in mares

The effect of a single injection of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF) during mid-diestrus on systemic concentrations of progesterone, LH, FSH, estradiol, and cortisol and on blood flow to the corpus luteum was studied in 10 controls and 10 PGF-treated mares. Blood flow was assessed by estimating the percentage of corpus luteum with color-Doppler signals of blood flow during real-time scanning of the entire structure and by the diameter of the vascular pedicle near its attachment to the ovary. Treatment was done 8 days after ovulation and 0 h was immediately before the treatment. Examinations and collection of blood samples were done at 0 h, every 5 min until 1h, and then at 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. The concentrations of estradiol did not change, but progesterone, LH, FSH, and cortisol increased significantly within 5 min. Concentrations of LH and FSH in the PGF group remained elevated until a temporarily lower concentration at 8 or 4h, respectively, rebounded to 12h, and then slowly decreased. Cortisol remained elevated, until a decrease between 1 and 4h. Progesterone in the PGF group increased significantly until 10 min after 0 h and then decreased by 40 min to below the concentrations in controls. Within the PGF group, progesterone decreased significantly by 45 min to below the concentrations at 0 h. The values for each of the two indicators of blood flow did not differ significantly between the PGF and control groups until a decrease at 24h in the PGF group. Results did not support the hypothesis that the immediate transient post-PGF increase in progesterone was associated with an increase in luteal blood flow. Luteolysis, as indicated by decreasing progesterone, began well before the beginning of a decrease in luteal blood flow.     

Transthoracic echocardiographic measurement of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs

BACKGROUND: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) size and morphology influence the selection of the kind and the size of the embolization device used to effect shunt closure. HYPOTHESIS: That echocardiographic measurement of PDA in dogs is accurate. ANIMALS: Forty-five client-owned dogs with PDA. METHODS: Prospective observational study. Echocardiographic and angiographic data were compared. RESULTS: Measurement of the ductus in color Doppler echocardiography (CD-E) and 2-dimensional echocardiography (2D-E) was achieved from left parasternal views in 43 of 45 unsedated dogs (96%). In these 43 dogs, the angiographic minimal PDA diameter was 3.72 +/- 1.59 mm, and the diameter of the PDA ampulla was 8.46 +/- 3.01 mm. The CD-E minimal PDA diameter ranged from 2.3 to 9.5 mm (median, 4.0 mm). There was a significant mean difference to the angiographic measurements (1.15 +/- 0.95 mm; P < .0001). An agreement in a 1-mm range was found in 21 of 43 dogs (48%). The 2D-E minimal PDA diameter was 3.73 +/- 1.78 mm, and the mean difference to the angiographic measurements was not significant (0.00 +/- 0.72 mm; P = .98). An agreement in a 1-mm range was found in 31 of 43 dogs (72%). The 2D-E measurement of the PDA ampulla revealed a significant mean difference to the angiographic data (1.95 +/- 2.43 mm, P < .0001). An agreement in a 2-mm range was found in 21 of 43 dogs (49%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The 2D-E from the left cranial parasternal view is an excellent noninvasive method to estimate the PDA minimal diameter before doing catheter intervention.     

CoCl2对Na2CO3胁迫下苜蓿幼苗叶片细胞膜的保护作用

本研究报道了CoCl2对Na2CO3胁迫下苜蓿幼苗叶片细胞膜的保护作用及机制,研究结果表明,在120mmol/L Na2CO3胁迫的前期,苜蓿幼苗叶片多胺含量及抗氧化酶活性显著升高,过氧化物酶除外,而活性氧水平、脂质过氧化程度和细胞膜相对透性无显著变化;当120 mmol/L Na2CO3胁迫延长至24~28 d时,乙烯产生速率大幅度上升,多胺氧化酶及二胺氧化酶活性显著升高,精胺、亚精胺和腐胺含量显著下降;抗氧化酶活性显著下降,活性氧水平与脂质过氧化程度显著提高,细胞膜稳定指数大幅度下降。在120 mmol/L Na2CO3溶液中加入CoCl2至50μmol/L,在胁迫的整个过程中乙烯产生被显著抑制,同时相对提高了抗氧化酶的活性,并在胁迫后期显著减轻了多胺氧化酶活性升高、多胺含量下降及脂质过氧化程度的增加,减缓了细胞膜稳定指数的下降,从而对Na2CO3胁迫下苜蓿幼苗叶片细胞膜表现出一定的保护作用。