用干形指数测定单株立木材积的研究

本文受单株立木材积测定方法──望高法、形点法、胸高形率法和绝对形率法的启发，提出了形点法测定单株立木材积的方法，该方法测点较低、较合理，故量测时较前述四种方法容易。并用９９株落叶松解析木，对上述五种方法进行了精度检验。结果表明，用形点法测定落叶松单株立木材积精度最高，为测定落叶松单株立木材积提出了理论依据。     

吡啶衍生物研究(Ⅷ):2-[(2-氯吡啶)-4-基]-5-烷氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑的合成及其除草活性

为寻找新的农药先导化合物 ,依据活性亚结构拼接原理 ,以异烟酸为起始原料 ,共合成了 12个标题化合物 ,其结构通过元素分析、1H和13 CNMR予以确认。所有化合物均具有一定的除草活性 ,且茎叶处理高于土壤处理 ,其中Ⅰ 0 4和Ⅰ 0 6在 1 5kg·hm-2 剂量下 ,茎叶处理对反枝苋、稗草、油菜和苜蓿的抑制率分别达 71 9%～89 2 %和 4 5 3%～ 87 0 % ;因此 ,该类化合物具有作为除草先导化合物进一步研究的价值     

没食子酸废母液合成3,4,5—三甲氧基没食子酸的研究

】利用废没食子酸母液中的没食子酸与（ＣＨ２）２ＳＯ４合成具有极高经济价值的３，４，５－三甲氧基苯甲酸，合成产率为７０％，使没食子酸废酸母液得到有效利用，并降低废水污染程度     

猪A组轮状病毒Vp4全基因的克隆与序列分析

应用RT-PCR技术，从猪A组轮状病毒总RNA中扩增了2331bp的Vp4全基因，通过T-A克隆技术，将PCR产物克隆至克隆载体pCEM-T中，转化至受体菌株JM109中，通过质粒提取、限制性内切酶酶切、PCR、序列测定等方法鉴定，构建出重组阳性克隆质粒pCEM-T-Vp4。经DNASTAR软件分析核苷酸和氨基酸序列，结果显示该实验株与黑龙江株和美国株的同源性最高，均达到99％以上，并具有轮状病毒Vp4全基因的抗原表位区。     

4-(Phenylsulfanyl) Butan-2-One Attenuates the Inflammatory Response Induced by Amyloid-β Oligomers in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye disease that causes irreversible impairment of central vision, and effective treatment is not yet available. Extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in drusen that lie under the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been reported as one of the early signs of AMD and was found in more than 60% of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Extracellular deposition of Aβ can induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS in RPE cells. Thus, finding a compound that can effectively reduce the inflammatory response may help the treatment of AMD. In this research, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of the coral-derived compound 4-(phenylsulfanyl) butan-2-one (4-PSB-2) on Aβ_1-42 oligomer (oAβ_1-42) added to the human adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19). Our results demonstrated that 4-PSB-2 can decrease the elevated expressions of TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS via NF-κB signaling in ARPE-19 cells treated with oAβ_1-42 without causing any cytotoxicity or notable side effects. This study suggests that 4-PSB-2 is a promising drug candidate for attenuation of AMD.     

CRISPR/Cas9靶向敲除番茄SNAC4/9突变体的构建、鉴定及分析

NAC转录因子参与植物生长发育、果实色素积累、细胞壁形态形成和植株衰老等过程。为系统研究SNAC4(SlNAC48,基因ID:101247735)和SNAC9(SlNAC19,基因ID:101248665)在番茄成熟衰老进程中的精准功能,本试验设计SNAC4/9敲除靶点,通过重叠聚合酶链式反应（overlapping PCR）法构建单引导RNA(sgRNA)表达盒,采用金门分子克隆（golden gate）方法将单个或多个sgRNA表达盒组装至pYLCRISPR/Cas9载体。PCR和测序结果表明,SNAC4/9敲除载体构建成功,通过农杆菌转化法将编码Cas9蛋白和sgRNA的基因导入Micro-Tom番茄细胞,对阳性苗进行靶点和脱靶位点检测,结果表明番茄成功突变且未脱靶,通过鉴定T1代突变体进一步证明,CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑番茄的靶点在代际之间可以稳定遗传。与野生型相比,SNAC4/9敲除果实色素积累减少,成熟延迟,表明SNAC4/9在番茄果实成熟中发挥重要作用。本研究为进一步探究SNAC4/9调控番茄果实色素代谢和胞壁代谢机制提供了遗传材料和试验基础。     

文冠果壳基活性炭制备工艺优化与性能表征

文冠果壳为文冠果榨油后的废弃物,为避免环境污染,充分利用这种废弃物制成高附加值的活性炭,该研究以文冠果壳为原料,采用磷酸活化法制备活性炭,以固液比、磷酸浓度、活化时间和活化温度为自变量,活性炭的碘吸附值为因变量,经响应面试验优化制备工艺,探究文冠果壳活性炭的吸附性能。结果表明,通过响应面试验优化得到最佳工艺条件：固液比1∶1 g/mL,磷酸浓度71%,活化时间158 min,活化温度540℃,此时碘吸附值为(1 127.377±2.406) mg/g,与预测的碘吸附值误差仅为0.390%。与文冠果壳相比,经活化得到的活性炭水分和灰分明显降低,C元素质量分数升高至69.702%;活性炭的比表面积为841.438 m²/g,总孔容为0.593 cm³/g,平均孔径为4.361 nm,孔隙结构发达,主要以介孔为主,且官能团主要为羰基。因此可以用文冠果壳制备出吸附性能好的活性炭,该结果可为磷酸活化法制备文冠果壳基活性炭的工业化生产提供一定参考。     

Influence of extreme K:Na ratios and high substrate salinity on plant metabolism of crops differing in salt tolerance

K⁺/Na⁺ and Cl^‐ effects on activity of amylases as well as on their isoenzyme pattern in leaves of bushbeans and sugarbeets at the beginning of salinity stress were investigated, in plants grown in water culture under controlled environmental conditions. Alpha‐ and beta‐amylase activity in beans increased, particularly due to K⁺ and Cl^‐ supplied. In sugarbeets amylase activity remained unchanged as a result of K/Na treatment in combination with Cl and decreased using SO₄ ^2‐ as counterion. A direct correlation of amylase activity to the starch content of both species was not detctable. Particularly α‐but also ß‐amylase was most strongly inhibited by KCl “in vitro”. Independent on their origin, amylases from bushbeans and sugarbeets did not show any differences in ionic inhibition “in vitro”. The isoenzyme pattern of the species was different, but no clear ionic effect was detectable. Amylolytic activity is evidently not a causative factor for restricted starch mobilization in leaves under an early salinity stress. It is suggested that amylases are indirectly involved in starch formation via degradation due to a lack of a carbohydrate sink under salinity stress. Differences in salt tolerance of the investigated crops are obviously not related to different “in vitro” properties of amylases.     

Synergistic effect of inoculating plant growth-promoting Pseudomonas spp. and Rhizobium leguminosarum-FB1 on growth and nutrient uptake of rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) Pseudomonas lurida-NPRp15 and Pseudomonas putida-PGRs4 possessing multiple plant growth-promoting traits were isolated from rhizoplane of pea and rhizosphere of garlic, respectively. The effects of individuals and combinations of Pseudomonas spp. with effective root nodulating symbiotic nitrogen fixing Rhizobium leguminosarum-FB1 on plant growth, nutrient uptake and yield of the rajmash plant were studied under greenhouse conditions. Bacterial inoculation resulted in significantly higher values for plant dry biomass, N, P, K, Zn and Fe contents as compared to the uninoculated control. Furthermore, dual inoculation of P. lurida-NPRp15 with R. leguminosarum-FB1 significantly increased root and shoot dry weight, nodulation, nutrient uptake, pod yield, and nutrient content of pods of rajmash VL63 compared to controls, single and triple inoculation. The results of the study indicate the potential of harnessing the benefit of plant growth-promoting and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to improve the growth and yield of rajmash.     

不同土地利用方式土壤温室气体排放对碳氮添加的响应

揭示不同土地利用方式下土壤N2O产生机制及其CO2和CH4的排放,有助于土壤温室气体减排措施的制定。本研究以长沙金井河流域酸性红壤上菜地、稻田、茶园和林地土壤为研究对象,控制温度和土壤含水量,采用静态培养-气相色谱法,研究4种利用方式土壤N2O、CO2和CH4的排放对不同碳氮和硝化抑制剂添加的响应。结果表明,由于土壤pH较低,酸性红壤外加氮源后仅有较小的N2O排放。葡萄糖能够促进尿素添加后N2O的排放及土壤反硝化作用N2O的排放。异养硝化作用可能是酸性红壤N2O产生的主要途径。硝化抑制剂双氰胺（DCD）对酸性红壤N2O减排无明显效果。碳氮添加后土壤N2O的总排放量表现为茶园 > 菜地 > 稻田 > 林地。外源有机碳能够显著促进4种利用方式土壤CO2的排放,表现为茶园、稻田 > 菜地、林地。但除稻田土壤CH4排放增加外,菜地、茶园和林地土壤CH4排放对外源有机碳无明显响应。