复方术苦芩提取液对腹泻小鼠iIELs及十二指肠INF-γ、IL-4 mRNA转录的影响

旨在研究复方术苦芩提取液对腹泻小鼠小肠上皮内淋巴细胞（intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte,iIELs）及十二指肠INF-γ、IL-4 mRNA转录的影响。将72只小鼠随机分为6个组,分别为空白组、感染组、阳性药物组（黄芪多糖口服液,浓度为1.2 mg·mL^-1）和药物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（复方术苦芩提取液,生药浓度分别为0.1、1和10 mg·mL^-1）。除空白组外,小鼠连续给药7 d[灌胃0.5 mL·（次·d）^-1]后腹腔注射5×10⁷ CFU大肠杆菌,并将感染组小鼠出现腹泻时设定为试验0 h。于试验6 h和4 d时各处死6只小鼠,制作小肠病理切片并计数iIELs数量,qRT-PCR分析十二指肠段INF-γ、IL-4 mRNA水平。结果显示：阳性药物组和药物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组对腹泻小鼠的保护率分别为66.7%、50.0%、66.7%、75.0%。试验6 h时,与空白组相比,感染组小鼠iIELs数量增加,十二指肠INF-γ mRNA水平降低、IL-4 mRNA水平增高,差异均极显著（P<0.01）;与感染组相比,阳性药物组和药物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组小鼠iIELs数量减少,阳性药物组和药物Ⅲ组小鼠十二指肠INF-γ mRNA水平增高、IL-4 mRNA水平降低。试验4 d时,与空白组相比,感染组小鼠十二指肠和回肠的iIELs数量增加,空肠iIELs数量减少,其十二指肠INF-γ、IL-4 mRNA水平增高,差异均极显著（P<0.01）;与感染组相比,阳性药物组和药物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组小鼠十二指肠和回肠的iIELs数量（Ⅰ组十二指肠除外）均减少,空肠iIELs数量增加,阳性药物组和药物Ⅲ组十二指肠段INF-γ、IL-4 mRNA水平均降低。结果表明,复方术苦芩提取液通过调控小鼠小肠iIELs数量,平衡十二指肠INF-γ/IL-4 mRNA转录,达到对小鼠腹泻的保护作用。     

鸡新城疫V4克隆株疫苗研究与应用Ⅱ.疫苗安全性免疫效力、免疫持续期及保存期试验

用克隆株NDV4HB92接种鸡胚,制备5批活疫苗,经无菌检验合格后用于试验。安全试验表明:用10倍使用量含毒胚液,接种7日龄雏鸡,无不良反应;疫苗最小免疫量试验表明,用104EID500.1mL免疫18日龄易感雏鸡,14d后攻毒保护力达9/10以上;免疫持续期试验证明,用106EID50免疫18日龄易感雏鸡,有效抗体(HI≥1∶16)可持续4个月以上;保存期试验证明:湿苗-15℃保存有效期为18个月,4～8℃保存为4个月。     

没食子酸废母液合成3,4,5—三甲氧基没食子酸的研究

】利用废没食子酸母液中的没食子酸与（ＣＨ２）２ＳＯ４合成具有极高经济价值的３，４，５－三甲氧基苯甲酸，合成产率为７０％，使没食子酸废酸母液得到有效利用，并降低废水污染程度     

4-(Phenylsulfanyl) Butan-2-One Attenuates the Inflammatory Response Induced by Amyloid-β Oligomers in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye disease that causes irreversible impairment of central vision, and effective treatment is not yet available. Extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in drusen that lie under the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been reported as one of the early signs of AMD and was found in more than 60% of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Extracellular deposition of Aβ can induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS in RPE cells. Thus, finding a compound that can effectively reduce the inflammatory response may help the treatment of AMD. In this research, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of the coral-derived compound 4-(phenylsulfanyl) butan-2-one (4-PSB-2) on Aβ_1-42 oligomer (oAβ_1-42) added to the human adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19). Our results demonstrated that 4-PSB-2 can decrease the elevated expressions of TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS via NF-κB signaling in ARPE-19 cells treated with oAβ_1-42 without causing any cytotoxicity or notable side effects. This study suggests that 4-PSB-2 is a promising drug candidate for attenuation of AMD.     

Influence of extreme K:Na ratios and high substrate salinity on plant metabolism of crops differing in salt tolerance

K⁺/Na⁺ and Cl^‐ effects on activity of amylases as well as on their isoenzyme pattern in leaves of bushbeans and sugarbeets at the beginning of salinity stress were investigated, in plants grown in water culture under controlled environmental conditions. Alpha‐ and beta‐amylase activity in beans increased, particularly due to K⁺ and Cl^‐ supplied. In sugarbeets amylase activity remained unchanged as a result of K/Na treatment in combination with Cl and decreased using SO₄ ^2‐ as counterion. A direct correlation of amylase activity to the starch content of both species was not detctable. Particularly α‐but also ß‐amylase was most strongly inhibited by KCl “in vitro”. Independent on their origin, amylases from bushbeans and sugarbeets did not show any differences in ionic inhibition “in vitro”. The isoenzyme pattern of the species was different, but no clear ionic effect was detectable. Amylolytic activity is evidently not a causative factor for restricted starch mobilization in leaves under an early salinity stress. It is suggested that amylases are indirectly involved in starch formation via degradation due to a lack of a carbohydrate sink under salinity stress. Differences in salt tolerance of the investigated crops are obviously not related to different “in vitro” properties of amylases.     

An examination of the total analysis of major elements in soil samples

Recently conventional chemical analyses were mostly replaced by instrumental analysis. Although results from both methods were examined in details after the samples had been solubilized or extracted by appropriate techniques, the solubilization method was considerably altered so as to be convenient for the following analysis. In atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), for example, fusion technique was mostly inadequate because of the higher salts concentration in the obtained solution. The use of H₂SO₄ must also be avoided in acid digestion for SO₄ ^2- precipitates with Sr²⁺ or La³⁺ which must be added to eliminate interferences in the succeeding procedure. Therefore, it is essential to consider the whole scheme including sample treatments to evaluate the suitability of instrumental analysis. In this experiment, the suitability of the methods which have been employed in our laboratory was examined by analyzing 9 rock standards.     

Assessing the Potential Impact of Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D) on Adoption of Improved Cereal-Legume Crop Varieties in the Sudan Savannah Zone of Nigeria

This article provides an assessment of the potential impact of operationalizing agricultural innovation platforms (IPs) in the Sudan Savannah zone of Nigeria on adoption of improved maize/legume crop varieties, as measured by the potential outcome approach. The results show that, if the whole population in the intervention area were exposed to these varieties, the adoption rate could be increased to 69% instead of 49%. The study also shows that exposure, as well as adoption, is influenced by numerous social and institutional factors and suggests that the operationalization of IPs could help boost the adoption rate to around 51%.     

Unsaponifiable lipids from haulm and tuber sprouts of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Summary Fractions containing Δ⁵- and Δ⁷-sterols, 4-methyl-sterols, triterpenic alcohols, tocopherols and hydrocarbons were isolated by TLC from petroleum ether extracts of the haulm and tuber sprouts of cv Désirée. Sterol and triterpenic alcohol fractions of unsaponifiable lipids of the haulm and tuber sprouts were found to contain twelve sterols and four triterpenic alcohols, respectively. 24R-4-stigmasten-3-on, Δ⁷, Δ⁷, lanosterol, cycloeucalenol and obtisufoliol have not been identified previously in unsaponifiable lipids from haulm and sprouts. In the hydrocarbon fractions of the haulm extract, C₂₃-to C₃₃-n-parafins, C₁₉-and C₃₁-cyclohexyl hydrocarbons, C₂₂-to C₃₈-olefins and squalene were identified, and in the hydrocarbon fractions of the tuber sprouts C₁₂-to C₂₆-olefins and squalene were identified.     

饲用高粱杂交种辽饲杂4号选育报告

辽饲杂4号(L0201A/LTR101)是以自选不育系L0201A为母本,以LTR101为父本组配而成的甜高粱杂交种.该杂交种青贮产量高,成熟时茎叶鲜绿,茎秆多糖多汁,茎秆含糖锤度高,高抗丝黑穗病、叶病轻、抗倒伏能力较强,青贮质量佳、饲喂效果好.生育期适中,适应性好 ,在我国大部分地区均可种植.     

HPLC-MSn法检测毛白杨CCR酶活及反应产物4-羟基肉桂醛类的制备

为更直观、便捷地研究木质素合成途径中CCR的酶学特性,从产物生成的方向来监测CCR的酶学特性。试题采取化学合成方法制备CCR的产物——4-羟基肉桂醛物质(香豆醛、松柏醛、咖啡醛)并利用HPLC进行纯化,液相色谱质谱联用仪(HPLC-MSn)进行鉴定,合成的4-羟基肉桂醛可作为HPLC-MSn技术研究CCR酶学特性时的标样。建立了一套HPLC-MSn技术检测CCR酶活的新方法,将毛白杨重组CCR蛋白在大肠杆菌中高效表达并利用亲和层析法获得电泳纯CCR蛋白,利用HPLC-MSn技术监测CCR酶对4种底物的酶学特性。结果显示,通过该方法能够监测到CCR底物的减少和产物的增加过程,为木质素合成途径中关键酶的酶学活性研究提供新方法。