猪胚胎附植期Eph A4的组织表达及其多态性对产仔数的影响

为研究Eph A4对猪繁殖性能的影响,在猪妊娠第13天(附植前期)、第18天(中期)和第24天(后期),用PCR-SSCP方法检测了7个品种的950头母猪群中Eph A4基因的多态性,检测了Eph A4基因在大白猪子宫内膜等组织中的mRNA和蛋白表达量,并与猪的产仔数进行了关联分析.结果表明:Eph A4基因在子宫内膜附着点的mRNA表达量要高于任何其他组织的,且妊娠第13、18和24天的表达量差异不显著,但妊娠猪极显著低于空怀猪的(P＜0.01);Eph A4的蛋白表达量在附植前、中和后期的表达量两两间差异均显著(P＜0.05),且妊娠第18天最高,妊娠第24天最低.Eph A4基因第3外显子上检测到了2个突变位点EphA4_1和EphA4_2.EphA4_1是一个A→G的突变,使谷氨酸变成了赖氨酸,G为优势等位基因,且GG基因型关联的产仔数显著高于AG或GG基因型的(P＜0.05);EphA4_2是一个T→C的突变,C为优势等位基因,且CC基因型关联的产仔数显著高于TC或TT基因型的(P＜0.05).上述结果表明,Eph A4的表达对猪的胚胎附植发挥着一定的调控作用,EphA4_1位点GG基因型和EphA4_2位点CC基因型可以作为产仔数性状的标记基因型.     

磁性纳米Fe3O4对水中磷的吸附去除研究

建立了一种基于磁性Fe3O4纳米材料吸附除磷的方法,研究了Fe3O4纳米微粒浓度、溶液pH值、反应时间及温度等因素对磷去除的影响,并进一步探讨了吸附动力学及吸附等温线.结果表明,纳米Fe3O4对溶液中磷的去除率随时间的增加而增加,在5h可达到吸附平衡.在优化条件下对磷的去除可达90％,可用于处理含磷废水.由于纳米Fe3O4有很好的磁性,在外磁场作用下容易实现快速的固液分离,在磷废水处理中有潜在应用价值.     

露地菊离体再生体系建立及BrDFR基因遗传转化

以露地菊(Chrysanthemum morifolium)品种‘神韵’无菌苗叶片为外植体材料,研究植物生长调节剂配比对其愈伤组织诱导再生芽的影响,以建立离体再生体系.研究结果表明,露地菊‘神韵’在含NAA 1.0 mg·L-1+BA 1.0 mg· L-1的MS培养基上获得了最高的再生芽分化率.利用已经克隆的‘津田’芜菁BrDFR基因构建非抗生素筛选的表达载体.以露地菊‘神韵’的无菌苗叶片为受体,通过农杆菌介导进行BrDFR基因的遗传转化.以载体的PMI基因为筛选标记,通过甘露糖筛选获得了‘神韵’的遗传转化再生植株.经过PCR验证和Southern杂交检测证实BrDFR基因已经整合到‘神韵’基因组中.     

Influence of Sampling Date on Soil Nitrogen Availability Indices

In spite of the great effort that has been devoted to the search for a chemical laboratory index to predict nitrogen (N) mineralization capability of soils, the results have not yet been fully satisfactory. A continued effort is still needed to increase the knowledge of the sources of variation that influence potentially available soil N. The time of sampling has received little attention, taking into account its potential to influence N-mineralization patterns. In this work, soil samples from three different agrosystems, consisting of a double-crop sequence of small grains and maize, an intensively grazed pasture, and a rainfed olive orchard, were collected at different dates. Several chemical extractions were performed, and the results were correlated with N uptake by turnip (Brassica campestris, L.) grown in a pot experiment. Kjeldahl N was the chemical test that best correlated (R ² = 0.621) with N uptake by turnip. Kjeldahl N showed great versatility relative to the origin of the soil samples. However, it was not very sensitive to the time of sampling. It did not detect changes occurring in the soil over a short period of time. Soil inorganic N showed the second highest coefficient of correlation (R ² = 0.483) with N uptake by turnip. In contrast to that observed with Kjeldahl N, soil inorganic N appeared as an index that can vary greatly over the short term. The hot saline potassium chloride (KCl) extractions gave generally fair results. The poorest, however, were obtained with the ultraviolet absorption of extracts of 0.01 mol L^?1 sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) measured at 250- and 260-nm wavelengths.     

Corn Monoculture Yield Response to Fertilization and Nitrate Nitrogen Distribution

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of fertilization system, nitrate (NO₃)– nitrogen (N) distribution along soil profile, and their interaction on corn yield. The study was conducted at the experimental field of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad (Serbia) during 2001–2004. Corn monoculture included four fertilization variants: control (Ø), nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) mineral fertilizers, mineral fertilizer + corn stalks (NPK + S), and mineral fertilizers + manure (NPK + M). The greatest yield was found in the variant NPK + M (9.25 t ha^?1). Path coefficients showed that greatest direct positive effects on corn yield were exhibited by NO₃-N levels at soil depths of 60–90 cm and 30–60 cm. The path analysis showed that winter precipitation (WP) had a direct negative effect on yield performance. However, the effect of the downward movement of NO₃-N from the topsoil to deeper soil layers of WP on yield was positive.     

Availability and extractability of soil manganese in a liming experiment

Abstract

The availability of soil Mn to corn in relation to extractability of soil Mn by EDTA, Mg(NO₃)₂, CH₃COONH₄, hydroquinone, H₃PO₄, and NH₄H₂PO₄ as affected by liming was evaluated under field conditions on a single soil type. EDTA, Mg(NO₃)₂ and CH₃COONH₄‐extractable Mn were related inversely to available Mn. No useful relationships were found between hydroquinone, H₃PO₄, and NH₄H₂PO₄‐extractable soil Mn and Mn uptake by sweet corn.     

贵州草海湿地农田沟渠沉积物氮磷的吸附动力学及影响因素

以草海-湿地农田沟渠系统为研究对象,运用模拟实验的方法,针对沟渠系统对氮磷的截留效用、沟渠沉积物对氮磷的吸附动力学及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,湿地农田沟渠系统对TP和TN的截留率分别为66.7%～79.7%和66.0%～76.4%,对NH4＋-N的截留率最高,为82.8%～89.3%。沟渠沉积物与太湖、滇池沉积物相比较而言,沉积物对PO4-3-P和NH4＋-N吸附平衡时间较长。盐度、[SO42-]和[NO3-]对PO43--P和NH4＋-N的吸附都具有一定的抑制作用;而[Ca2＋]对两者的影响具有明显的差别：Ca^2＋对PO43--P的吸附在低浓度下抑制,在高浓度下有促进作用;对NH4＋-N的吸附具有明显的抑制作用,且当[Ca^2＋]浓度为5mg·L^-1时吸附量最小。     

秸秆-膨润土-聚丙烯酰胺对砂质土壤吸附氮素的影响

为提高土壤对氮素的吸附能力,减少土壤氮素流失,通过土壤培养试验和等温吸附试验研究了经堆腐的玉米秸秆、膨润土和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)配制成的复合改良材料对砂质土壤NH4+-N吸附特性的影响。结果表明,复合改良材料对土壤NH4+-N吸附的影响随土培时间的延长呈先增大后减小的趋势,60d时最大。各处理NH4+-N的等温吸附曲线可用Langmuir方程很好地拟合。提高复合改良材料用量使砂质土壤NH4+-N的最大吸附量Qmax提高,吸附常数(k)降低,表明复合改良材料可以提高土壤对NH4+-N的吸附容量,但不能增加其吸附强度。同一用量下,Qmax随改良材料中PAM比例的提高呈先增大后减小的趋势,以PAM比例为0.99%时为最大,k则最低。提高复合改良材料用量使砂质土壤NH4+-N的最大缓冲容量(MBC)减小,改良材料中PAM添加比例对MBC无明显的影响规律。结果说明复合改良材料对土壤NH4+-N的保持量具有明显的促进作用,改良材料中PAM的添加比例以0.99%最佳。     

甘蓝型冬性和半冬性油菜子叶高效快速芽再生体系的建立

以甘蓝型油菜子叶为外植体,研究了不同激素浓度、组合以及预培养等条件对芽再生的影响.将子叶在含1mg/L 2,4-D和1mg/L BA的MSB5培养基上预培养3d后转入芽分化培养基,可明显提高芽再生频率,再生周期也可缩短三分之一,但延长预培养时间则导致再生频率下降.实验中10个冬性和半冬性油菜品种的平均再生频率达81.9%,其中9个品种的芽再生频率均在75%以上,最高可达98.9%.     

Elucidation of the sex pheromone system of the potato tuberworm moth,Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera,Gelechiidae): a short review

Summary Recent research, reviewed here, of the pheromone system of the potato tuberworm moth has led to the isolation, identification, and synthesis of its components.trans-4,cis-7-tridecadien-l-ol acetate (PTM 1) andtrans-4,cis-7,cis-10-tridecatrien-l-ol acetate (PTM 2), mixtures of which are much more attractive in the field than 2 virgin female moths or each compound on its own.