水稻条纹病毒在玉米和水稻上流行差异分析

为了明确水稻条纹病毒(RSV)在水稻和玉米上发生程度差异明显的原因,从一个侧面了解RSV流行本质,2004年在洪泽进行田间试验。采用黄盘诱集、盘扑、盘刮、肉眼计数等方法比较武育粳3号和掖单13上灰飞虱侵入和消长动态,结果表明两者均只有一个成虫侵入高峰,单位面积迁入虫量前者是后者的3.6倍,单株平均虫量相近。Dot-ELISA法测定灰飞虱带毒率为40%,成虫迁移扩散高峰期22d内两者接毒量约为每天百株137头带毒虫。武育粳3号有二代若虫发生,掖单13则无。逐日调查发病进程,结果显示水稻发病率为60%,玉米为0。室内抗性鉴定,掖单13对RSV的抗性比武育粳3号高4个级别。综合以上结果,寄主品种抗性决定了RSV在水稻和玉米上流行状况,二代若虫重复侵染是RSV在水稻上重发的另一主要原因。     

RT-PCR法快速鉴别新城疫强弱毒株的试验

通过对大量不同毒力NDV F基因核苷酸序列的分析，根据强弱毒株F0裂解位点的序列差异设计合成了三对引物，建立了快速诊断新城疫并能鉴别其强弱毒株的反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法，整个试验过程可在5h内完成。试验表明，该方法具有快速特异和操作简便的特点，不仅适用于对鸡胚毒的检测，而且适用于对病鸡组织匀浆液的检测，是新城疫鉴别诊断和流行病学调查的颇具潜力的分子诊断方法。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒LC株的分离鉴定及其重要功能基因的进化分析

为确诊广东某猪场母猪流产发病原因,本研究收集该猪场流产死胎的脑、淋巴结、肺脏混合液,进行PCR鉴定、病毒分离培养、半数组织培养感染剂量（tissue culture infective dose,TCID₅₀）测定、猪伪狂犬病病毒（pseudorabies virus,PRV）重要功能基因（gB、gC、gD、gE）序列测定和进化分析及动物回归试验。结果显示,病料混合液为PRV阳性,接种Vero细胞传至第3代即出现稳定的细胞病变（CPE）,第5代TCID₅₀达到10^-6.8/0.1 mL,PRV gB、gC、gD、gE基因序列测定、同源性及进化树分析显示为,PRV中国变异株,命名为LC株。动物试验显示,LC株对12周龄猪具有一定致病性,可形成PRV典型临床症状及病理变化。本研究分离到一株PRV流行毒株,推测当前使用疫苗Bartha-K61株尚无法完全控制新毒株的流行。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因免疫对鸡的保护作用

将鸡传染性支气管炎病毒肾型 Ｔ 株 Ｓ１ 基因ｃ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 连接于ｐｃ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ３ 的 Ｈｉｎｄ Ｉ Ｉ Ｉ与 Ｂａ ｍ Ｈ Ｉ位点之间构建含有 Ｃ Ｍ Ｖ 启动子及 Ｂ Ｇ Ｈｐｏｌｙ Ａ 信号序列的鸡传染性支气管炎病毒 Ｓ１ 蛋白真核表达质粒。实验证明, Ｓ Ｐ Ｆ 鸡肌注免疫后血清 Ｉｇ Ｇ 抗体逐渐升高,至第３５ 日龄左右达到高峰,攻毒后血清 Ｉｇ Ｇ 抗体先下降而后升高,血清 Ｉｇ Ｇ 抗体升高幅度不及 Ｉ Ｂ 油苗免疫组。质粒 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 免疫鸡攻毒后有４０ ％ 的鸡可耐过强毒的攻击,说明 Ｓ１ 基因在体内获得了表达并使鸡产生了一定的免疫力。     

口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白3ABC基因重组杆状病毒的构建与表达

通过设计特异引物,扩增获得口蹄疫病毒3ABC编码区的目的基因片段,将其用SalI和NcoI双酶切后,与经同样处理的带有一段信号肽序列的穿梭质粒pMelBac-B连接,经筛选、鉴定及DNA序列分析后,获得重组质粒pMel-3ABC.将重组质粒与线性化的杆状病毒骨架Bac-N-Blue共转染Sf9昆虫细胞,通过噬斑筛选和PCR鉴定,获得了含有目的基因的重组杆状病毒.用重组病毒感染Sf9昆虫细胞,通过间接ELISA方法,检测细胞培养基上清液中表达的口蹄疫病毒抗原.结果表明,口蹄疫病毒基因片段3ABC正确克隆到杆状病毒载体上,重组病毒可在昆虫细胞中表达目的蛋白.     

浙江省主要养殖区凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）红体病病原研究

对2012—2013年浙江省凡纳滨对虾( L itopenaeus vannamei)主要养殖区的红体病虾进行病原鉴定及其分子特征与耐药性研究,并与2011年的结果进行比较分析.结果表明：通过 Vitek 、16S rRNA 序列分析与病毒特异性聚合酶链反应,2012—2013年在红体病虾中同时检测出副溶血弧菌( V ibrio parahaemolyticus)与传染性皮下和造血组织坏死病毒( infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus , IHHNV ),而2011年在红体病虾中仅检测出副溶血弧菌,未检测出 IHHNV ;3年均未检测出桃拉综合征病毒( Taura syndrome virus , TSV)和白斑综合征病毒( white spot syndrome virus , WSSV ).基于 dnaE‐gyrB‐recA‐dtdS‐pntA‐pyrC‐tnaA 的多位点序列分型结果表明,副溶血弧菌分离株具有较高水平的分子多样性：2011—2013年各年的分离株均分属多个序列型( sequence type ,ST ),来自位于进化树不同亚枝、亲缘关系较远的不同克隆;2012—2013年的分离株经历了较高水平的分子变异,其中 ST918与 ST919为首次报道的副溶血弧菌新 ST ;2011年分离株与2012—2013年分离株的等位基因和序列型特征具有较大差异,ST414与 ST114分别代表2011年与2012—2013年红体病的优势 ST .2011—2013年的副溶血弧菌分离株均属于大流行群,并具有相同的毒力基因谱( tlh＋ tdh－ trh－ T3SS1＋ T3SS2－),tdh与 trh的缺失并未影响细菌的致病力.分离株对抗菌药物尤其是氨基糖苷类的耐药性呈现加重趋势.说明本次凡纳滨对虾红体病可能是多种致病因子共同作用的结果,亟须建立红体病病原监测体系,并探明细菌性病原与病毒性病原混合感染对致病性的影响及其互作机制,以提出综合防控方案.     

Red clover mottle virus from Ukraine is an isolate of RCMV strain S

The relationship between red clover mottle virus (RCMV) isolated in the Ukraine (designated RCMV-Uk) and well-characterised strains from Sweden has been investigated. Nucleic acid hybridisation indicate that both RNAs from RCMV-Uk are highly homologous to their counterparts from RCMV strain S, a conclusion supported by protein sequence analysis of the two viral capsid proteins. Nucleic acid sequence analysis of a portion of RCMV-Uk RNA2 confirmed the high degree of similarity between RCMV-Uk and RCMV strain S. This information suggests that RCMV-Uk should be considered an isolate of RCMV strain S.     

鸽新城疫病毒毒价的血凝价,ELD50和TCID50值相关性比较

本文比较了用血凝反应（ＨＡ）,在鸡胚成纤维细胞上的ＴＣＩＤ５０及用发育鸡胚做ＥＬＤ５０来测定鸽新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）毒价的相关性。结果表明,鸽ＮＤＶ毒价的ＴＣＩＤ５０和ＥＬＤ５０的值基本相同。ＨＡ滴度虽然与ＴＣＩＤ５０值有一定的相关性,但远不如ＴＣＩＤ５０准确。接种病毒后死亡鸡胚的新鲜尿囊液经冻融后,其中鸽ＮＤＶ的ＨＡ滴度和ＴＣＩＤ５０均逐渐下降。每经一次冻融,毒价几乎减少５０％。     

猪瘟病毒保护性抗原E2基因的克隆及在原核细胞中的表达

应用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ分两段扩增猪瘟病毒（ＨＣＶ）石门株Ｅ２基因,然后对其进行了克隆。利用两个片段重叠部分的单一ＢｇｌⅡ位点,将它们连接成为完整的Ｅ２基因,并克隆到ＰＵＣ１９质粒中,获得重 质粒ＰＨＣＦ２。另设计一对引物,以ＰＨＣＦ２为模板扩增出不含信号肽的Ｅ２基因,然后将其克隆到表达载体质粒ｐＢＶ２２０和ＰＥＴ＿２８ａ（＋）中,获得重组质粒ＰＢＶＥ２和ＰＥＴＥ２,用酶切,ＰＣＲ和序列分析鉴定Ｅ２基因插     

Intercropping fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with and without biochar: Tests along a competition gradient

Integrating soil amendment biochar to legume‐based intercropping systems may amplify the intercropping benefits and lead to more sustainable production due to its positive effects on the soil physicochemical and biological environment. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum) is a legume used in an intercropping system in several countries in Southern Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. A barley cultivar and an Iranian fenugreek ecotype were studied in two replacement series experiments to find the best combination of the two species as well as the effect of adding biochar to the soil. Fenugreek and barley were grown in 4‐L pots in five density combinations (20:0, 15:5, 10:10, 5:15, 0:20) with and without application of biochar in sandy loam soil. The biomass, nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) amount of the two crops were measured fifty days after sowing, and the Relative Yield Total (RYT) was estimated. Our results showed that biochar application resulted in a higher total biomass, N and C amount in all combinations of fenugreek and barley. Total biomass was increased by biochar 19.2% when fenugreek was grown alone and 8.1 and 12.9% in series with 25 and 50% barley when biochar was added, respectively. Biochar increased dry matter, N and C accumulation in both crop species in the mixtures. An exception was the C amount of barley which was not influenced by biochar in intercropping. RYT values were largest for biomass, C and N amount in mixtures with 15 fenugreek plants per pot and 5 barley plants per pot corresponding to approximately 400 fenugreek plants per m mixed with 130 barley plants per m². Biochar application increased RYT of the total dry weight by 2.7 and 5.5% in mixtures of 25 and 50% barley plants, RYT of the total nitrogen by 0.8% in mixtures with 25% barley plants, and RYT of the total carbon by 2.7 and 6.6% in mixtures with 25 and 50% barley plants. The RYT values declined with increasing number of barley plants as a result of a less competitive ability of fenugreek when growing in high barley densities. The yield was highest with intercropping but monoculture of barley also resulted in high yields. The total highest yield was found when approximately 130 fenugreek plants per m² were mixed with 400 barley plants per m². Mixtures with 75% fenugreek and 25% barley obtained RYT values larger than 1 for biomass, carbon and nitrogen percentages.