甘蓝型油菜减氮增效潜力评价及种质资源筛选

为培育具有高潜力的减肥增效油菜品种,以不同甘蓝型油菜种质资源为材料,通过两年三点的田间肥效试验,研究了它们对氮肥的响应特征及节氮增产潜力.以产量平均值为分界线将供试材料划分为4种类型:低氮高效型、双高效型、双低效型和高氮高效型.在高氮条件下,双高效型和高氮高效型材料具有16.96％～36.50％的节氮潜力和21.57％...     

缓控释肥研究现状及其在水稻上的应用

缓控释肥是一种能够减缓或控制养分释放的新型肥料,具有提高肥料利用率和作物产量、减少环境污染等优点。本文介绍了缓控释肥料的概念、类型,综述了缓控释肥料的国内外研究进展,分析了缓控释肥料在水稻上的应用及存在的问题,并进行了展望。     

耕作方式和钾肥用量对旱作马铃薯产量及水肥利用率的影响

2019年,在宁夏南部旱作马铃薯种植区,通过田间试验研究了传统耕作与粉垄耕作下不同钾肥用量(0、45、90、135、180 kg/hm²)对马铃薯干物质累积、产量及水肥利用率的影响。结果表明：与传统耕作相比,粉垄耕作马铃薯的干物质累积量明显提高,干物质最大累积速率和平均累积速率分别提高了33.3%和31.0%,施钾90kg/hm²的马铃薯干物质累积总量显著高于其他施钾处理的;相同的施钾量处理,粉垄耕作显著提高了马铃薯单株薯质量、单薯质量、商品薯率,显著降低小薯率,产量提高了23.3%,其中,施钾90 kg/hm²的马铃薯产量最高,达45 122.5 kg/hm²;2种耕作方式下均以施钾90 kg/hm²时钾肥利用率最高,分别达46.0%、55.0%;相同的施钾量处理,粉垄耕作显著提高了马铃薯的水分利用效率,比传统耕作的提高了29.7%～39.8%。可见,粉垄耕作结合适宜钾肥用量可显著促进马铃薯生长,提高马铃薯产量和水肥利用效率。     

酵母菌载纳米铁去除水中2,4,6–三氯酚的性能

以酵母菌为载体,废弃烟叶提取物为还原剂,制备酵母菌载纳米铁(TB–Fe/SCNPs),并探究其去除水中2, 4, 6–三氯酚(2, 4, 6–TCP)的性能。结果表明：负载在酵母菌上的纳米铁为粒径(77.6±16.1) nm的球形颗粒;TB–Fe/SC NPs去除2, 4, 6–TCP主要包括吸附和氧化降解2种途径,符合拟二级反应动力学模型;溶解氧和羟自由基在TB–Fe/SC NPs氧化降解2, 4, 6–TCP中起重要作用;TB–Fe/SC NPs对2, 4, 6–TCP的去除率随温度的升高而增大,随2, 4,6–TCP初始浓度的增大而减少,而反应体系的pH值对TB–Fe/SCNPs去除2,4,6–TCP的影响较小;TB–Fe/SCNPs用量为1.0～3.0g/L时,2,4,6–TCP的去除率随TB–Fe/SCNPs用量的增大而增大;Fe3+、Mg2+、Ca2+和SO42–能促进TB–Fe/SCNPs去除2,4,6–TCP的反应,HPO42–、HCO3–和腐殖酸则对反应有抑制作用,而K+、NO3–和Cl–对2, 4, 6–TCP的去除影响不明显;TB–Fe/SC NPs能在室温下稳定...     

粳稻外观品质的选择效果

为改良江苏粳稻的外观品质,以日本优质粳稻与江苏高产粳稻杂交后代为材料,研究了垩白粒率、垩白度和透明度等外观品质的选择效果.结果表明,在F4～F6代对垩白粒率、垩白度和透明度等外观品质进行选择的效果较好,上下世代间外观品质的表现有明显的相关关系,在F4和F5代外观品质达国际一级的单株,其下一代有70%以上单株的外观品质仍可达到一级标准.不同组合优质单株的出现机率存在明显差异.     

提高电子资源利用率的宣传案例分析

本文结合南京师范大学图书馆的实际工作分析影响电子资源利用率的因素,提出几种提高电子资源利用率的做法,从电子资源使用统计来看,这些做法比较有效.     

中国稻田土壤有效磷时空演变特征及其对磷平衡的响应

以农业农村部始于1988年的全国稻田土壤监测数据库为基础,将稻作区划分为东北、长江三角洲(简称"长三角")、长江中游、华南和西南五个区域,分析近30 a各稻作区土壤有效磷含量、磷肥回收率及农学效率和磷素的表观平衡,揭示各区域间稻田土壤磷素时间演变和空间差异特征,为稻田土壤磷素科学管理提供理论依据.结果表明,全国主要稻作...     

A review of production frontier analysis for aquaculture management

Abstract

This paper examines recent advances in production economics with special reference to efficiency measurement using production frontiers and its implications for aquaculture management. Compared with agriculture and other industries, the use of production frontiers in aquaculture is still very limited. However, in recent years several frontier applications in aquaculture have appeared in the literature, suggesting potential applications of these techniques in aquaculture. A synopsis of stochastic frontier production function model and data envelopment analysis (DEA), the two most popular approaches to efficiency measurement, is presented, followed by a review of recent frontier studies in shrimp, carp and tilapia production. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of future development and prospects of frontier applications for aquaculture management.     

Trophic relationships and ecosystem characteristics in a newly-impounded man-made lake in Thailand

Abstract  The trophic dynamics of a newly-impounded south east Asian reservoir, Pasak Jolasid, Thailand, monitored from its creation, were constructed using ecopath , a mass-balanced model. The trophic levels (TLs) of 36 ecological groups varied between 1.0 and 3.2. The majority of fish biomass was at the second TL, where the fishery is concentrated. Some food resources (benthic organisms and zooplankton) were not fully used, whereas phytoplankton and benthic algae were important components of the food web, which is based on phytoplankton and detritus. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of ecological maturity of the ecosystem and possible fishery management of this multi-purpose reservoir.     

Effects of supplemental phytic acid on the apparent digestibility and utilization of dietary amino acids and minerals in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

A feeding trial was conducted for 8 weeks to evaluate the effects of supplemental phytic acid (PA) on the apparent digestibility and utilization of dietary amino acids (AAs) and minerals in juvenile grass carp. Five experimental diets consisted of graded levels of PA (0.2, 4.7, 9.5, 19.1 and 38.3 g kg^?1, named as P0, P5, P10, P20 and P40). Triplicate groups of fish (initial weight, 22.37 ± 0.16 g) were fed twice daily (08:00 and 16:00 h). The crude protein content in whole body significantly (p < .05) decreased in fish fed with 19.1 and 38.3 g PA kg^?1 diet. Supplemental PA (>4.7 g kg^?1) significantly reduced the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of AAs (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala, Cys, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Phe, Lys, Pro, His and Arg) and the ADC of minerals (P, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) in grass carp. The contents of minerals (P, Ca, Mg and Zn) in whole body and bone were also found to be significantly reduced in dietary PA > 4.7 g kg^?1, while the bone ash, serum Alkp and Zn contents were found to be significantly decreased when the PA supplementation level was above 9.5 g kg^?1, and the contents of serum Ca and Mg were found to be markedly altered in higher PA‐supplemented groups. The results indicated that supplemental PA decreased the apparent digestibility and utilization of AAs and minerals, and thus reduced the feed utilization of grass carp, suggesting that the level of total PA should be below 4.7 g kg^?1 in grass carp diet.