Comparison ofPotato Virus Y andPlum Pox Virus transmission by two aphid species in relation to their probing behavior

Two different aphid species,Myzus persicae (Sulzer) andHyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy) (Homoptera: Aphididae), were used to analyze their ability to transmit two different potyviruses,Potato virus Y (PVY) andPlum pox virus (PPV), to pepper (Capsicum annuum) andNicotiana benthamiana plants, respectively. In parallel experiments,M. persicae consistently transmitted both viruses with high efficiency, whereasH. pruni always failed to transmit either virus. This is in contrast to previous reports describingH. pruni as a vector of these potyviruses. Different aphid probing behavior among individual aphids of each species was obtained in electrical penetration graph (EPG) experiments performed on pepper plants. This suggested thatH. pruni did not transmit these potyviruses due to behavioral differences during probing that impeded virus acquisition and/or inoculation. It was found thatM. persicae usually makes its first probe within the first 2 min, whereasH. pruni individuals remained for more than 10 min on the plant before starting to probe. Furthermore,M. persicae individuals displayed their first intracellular puncture during the first minute of probing whereasH. pruni needed ∼ 15 min to penetrate the cell plasmalemma with their stylets. In addition, intracellular stylet punctures occurred very frequently forM. persicae but was a rare event, never exceeding a single one, forH. pruni. The relevance of these findings for the epidemiological spread of potyviruses by different aphid species is discussed. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 14, 2006.     

几种植物提取物和药剂对桃蚜和萝卜蚜生长发育的影响

研究了苍耳提取物和合果芋(白蝴蝶)提取物以及常用天然药剂机油乳剂和 0. 3 %印楝素乳油对桃蚜和萝卜蚜实验种群的影响,两种提取物和药剂对桃蚜一龄若蚜的影响依次为: 0 3 % 印楝素乳油 (2 000×) >苍耳提取物(DW 0 04g·mL-1 ) >机油乳剂(400 ×) >白蝴蝶提取物(DW 0 04g·mL-1 ),对萝卜蚜一龄若蚜的影响依次为: 0. 3 %印楝素乳油(2 000×) >机油乳剂 ( 400×) >苍耳提取物 (DW 0. 04g·mL-1 ) >白蝴蝶提取物(DW 0. 04g·mL-1 );苍耳提取物对萝卜蚜实验种群有明显干扰控制作用,处理后萝卜蚜下代的种群增长量仅为对照的 24. 9 %;此外,苍耳提取物可延缓桃蚜和萝卜蚜的生长发育进程,使发育历期延长,对桃蚜的作用效果比对萝卜蚜的作用效果强;白蝴蝶提取物对萝卜蚜的实验种群也有一定的干扰作用,并可延长桃蚜的发育历期。     

玉溪菜区桃蚜种群对6种常用杀虫剂的抗药性分析

为掌握玉溪十字花科蔬菜桃蚜对常用杀虫剂的抗性和分布特征,针对桃蚜已产生抗性的问题进行室内毒力测定。采用室内生物测定方法,检测玉溪4 个田间种群和1 个自然保护区敏感种群对6 种常用杀虫剂的敏感性,得出田间种群抗性水平。结果表明,通海种群最高,处于敏感至极高抗水平（0.64~409.52 倍）;元江种群处于敏感至极高抗水平（0.19~317.55 倍）;澄江种群处于敏感至高抗水平（0.59~77.71 倍）;红塔区种群抗性水平最低,处于敏感至敏感下降水平（0.38~4.79 倍）。6 种药剂的抗性为：抗蚜威（4.79~409.52 倍）＞溴氰菊酯（4.27~80.22 倍）＞毒死蜱（1.97~13.95 倍）＞吡虫啉（0.93~5.74 倍）＞吡蚜酮（1.25~3.49 倍）＞阿维菌素（0.19~0.64 倍）。玉溪菜区4 个种群,除红塔区种群外,均对抗蚜威、溴氰菊酯、毒死蜱3 个药剂产生了不同程度的抗性;防治过程中应停止使用抗蚜威、溴氰菊酯,适当使用毒死蜱,吡蚜酮、吡虫啉和阿维菌素轮换使用。     

A Method for Mass-rearing Aphidius gifuensis(Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)

[Objective] This study presents a method for mass rearing of Aphidius gifuensis, a dominant endoparasitoid of Myzus persicae on tobacco in Southwest China. [Method] The tobacco cultivar Honghuadajinyuan(Nicotiana tabacum) was used as the host plant and M. persicae was the host insect. In a greenhouse, tobacco seedlings were reared in plastic trays. The seedlings at three-true-leaf stage were inoculated with two to three aphids per plant using aphid source with a parasitism rate of 47% ±3.9%. [Result] By this inoculation method, the aphids and parasites were simultaneously inoculated on host plants. After approximately 25 d of rearing, we were able to produce 82.5±5.17 aphid mummies per tobacco seedling. A total of 445 500 aphid mummies were produced in one greenhouse(36 rearing trays per greenhouse) during an approximately 50-day rearing period. The emergence rate was 93.4% ±2.76%, and 54% of the mummies were females. [Conclusion] The demonstrated technological feasibility of using tobacco seedlings for the mass rearing of A. gifuensis increases the potential for the biological control of M. persicae.     

两种拟青霉菌提取物对菜蚜的控制作用

浸叶法毒力测定结果表明,淡紫拟青霉(Paecilomyces lilacinus)菌株MCWA18和拟青霉(Paecilomycessp.)菌株X1甲醇萃取物对萝卜蚜无翅成蚜48 h后LC50分别为0.3435 mg/mL和0.8309 mg/mL。网室盆栽试验,菌株MCWA18和X1甲醇萃取物2.5 mg/mL处理7 d后对菜蚜的防治效果分别为92.24%和87.06%,田间小区试验处理后7 d,防治效果分别为81.82%和81.70%,相当于1.3%鱼藤氰乳油500倍的防效。     

桃蚜对噻虫嗪代谢抗性机制研究

对桃蚜进行室内噻虫嗪抗性品系筛选,选育至15代后抗性倍数达到75.6倍。对噻虫嗪敏感品系(THI-S)和抗性品系(THI-R)桃蚜的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)、酸性磷酸酯酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酯酶(ALP)、羧酸酯酶(CarE)、多功能氧化酶(MFO)O-脱甲基活性进行了比较,结果显示:敏感品系(THI-S)和抗性品系(THI-R)的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶比活力分别为3.127 5和3.215 9,差异不显著,桃蚜抗性品系体内酸性磷酸酯酶、碱性磷酸酯酶、羧酸酯酶和多功能氧化酶O-脱甲基活性均显著高于敏感品系,分别达到了1.57、2.10、6.12、2.03倍。表明桃蚜对噻虫嗪抗性的产生与酸性磷酸酯酶、碱性磷酸酯酶、羧酸酯酶和多功能氧化酶O-脱甲基的活性相关。     

烟蚜天敌的利用与研究进展

烟蚜(Myzus persicae Sulzer)是重要的农作物害虫,在全国各烟区普遍发生,主要通过刺吸寄主汁液和传播病毒造成危害。对烟蚜主要天敌的研究利用进展进行了概述,并从天敌保育的角度,阐述了保育生物防治这策略在烟蚜防治上的应用。     

脱叶琼脂培养法饲养介体桃蚜的研究

本文报道一种饲养传毒介体桃蚜(Myzus persicae)新方法——脱叶琼脂培养法。将一定叶龄的植物叶片剪下,在1%琼脂培养基(含 N、P、K 等营养元素,抗生素及抑真菌剂)上培养。结果表明,油青菜(Brassica chinensis)、白菜(Brassica pekinensis)、萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)、烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)不同叶位的脱叶在培养基上保持鲜活状态可达2—3周,脱叶保鲜时间与叶龄呈负相关,与培养基营养成分有密切联系。生化测定结果表明,油青菜脱叶离开植物母体后生理变化明显,可溶性氮含量增高,在一定时间内(9天以内),脱叶下表皮细胞渗透压及可溶性 C/N 值与对照叶无显著差异。饲养器置于光照培养箱中(LRH-250G),在24±1℃,15小时光照/24小时,0—7000lx、光强的条件下饲养桃蚜。结果表明,于培养的脱叶上饲养桃蚜,其死亡失踪率明显低于对照,每雌产仔数也显著增多。     

烟蚜测报诱集方法的研究

本文研究结果表明 ,不同颜色的粘性诱板对烟田蚜虫都有一定的诱集作用 ,柠檬黄色的诱板色面朝上放置的诱板诱集效果最好。诱板和黄皿诱集得到的烟田有翅蚜发生动态一致并和田间有翅蚜量消长动态吻合。诱板同黄皿相比 ,具有安全可靠、减轻工作量、调查方便的特点 ,适宜在烟蚜测报中推广使用