附子浸渍液对花卉蚜虫的毒力测定及药效试验

621000四川绵阳西山南路4号西南科技大学西山校区13栋2-1-1,     

黑带食蚜蝇对烟蚜的捕食功能反应

 通过对黑带食蚜蝇对烟蚜的捕食作用研究,得到1,2,3龄幼虫对烟蚜的捕食功能反应模型为Na=0.249 7 N/(1+0.249 7×0.148 6 N）,Na=1.175 6 N/(1+1.175 6×0.029 8 N),Na=0.989 9 N/(1+0.989 9×0.005 0 N),日最大捕食量依次为6.73头,33.56头,202.1头。结果表明,利用黑带食蚜蝇防治烟蚜是有一定潜力的。     

Host range and molecular analysis of Beet leaf yellowing virus,Beet western yellows virus-JP and Brassica yellows virus in Japan

Beet western yellows virus (BWYV; genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae) is one of the most important viruses causing yellowing disease of many field and vegetable crops. This study isolated different poleroviruses from sugar beet, spinach, radish and brassica in Japan, and identified them as BWYV-JP, Beet leaf yellowing virus (BLYV), Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) and BrYV-R (radish strain) based on host range and molecular analysis. Among over 100 plant species from 19 families inoculated with the vector Myzus persicae, about half of the species in 13 families were infected with some of these viruses. BLYV shared a similar host range to Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV). These had a much more limited host range than BWYV-JP, which resembled BWYV-USA. The host range of BrYV was similar to that of Turnip yellows virus (TuYV). Phylogenetic analyses at the 5′ portion (replication-related gene) of the genome showed that BLYV, BMYV, BWYV (-JP and -USA) and Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) formed one large group, whereas BrYV and TuYV were grouped together. BLYV and BWYV were most closely related to each other, and were more closely related to CABYV than to BMYV. However, at the 3′ end (coat protein gene), BLYV and BWYV-JP formed a distinct group, separated from the BrYV group, which in turn was more closely related to BWYV-USA, BMYV, TuYV and Beet chlorosis virus, a group originating from outside Asia. Thus, this study presents host range differences and phylogeographical relationships of BWYV-like poleroviruses that are distributed worldwide.     

BP神经网络在烟蚜发生程度预测中的应用

为实现对烟田烟蚜发生程度的预测预报,以12年的历史资料为基础数据,采用BP神经网络方法建立了烟蚜发生程度的预测模型。该模型对待测样本的预测准确度为99.43%,回测准确度为87.36%。所建立的预测模型可提前1个多月对烟蚜发生程度进行预测,为中期预测模型,其预测结果可为烟田蚜虫综合治理提供依据。     

我国中部烟区（桃）蚜（Myzus persicae（Sul zer）的抗药性研穷

利用毛细管点滴法测定了我国中部烟区和湖北省的6个地点烟(桃)蚜(Myzus persicae(Sul zer)种群对氰戊菊酯、氧化乐果、灭多威和吡虫啉的抗性。结果表明,河南禹州种群对氰戊菊酯抗性为敏感种群的14．68倍,对氧化乐果、灭多威和吡虫啉的抗性分别为敏感种群的5．50倍、2．18倍和2．20倍。河南襄县、河南泌阳、湖北秭归、湖北宣恩、湖北长阳对氰戊菊酯的抗性分别达12．78倍、12．04倍、11．24倍、9．36倍和7．93倍。     

施肥与覆盖对百合桃蚜种群变动的影响

探讨了不同施肥与覆盖对百合桃蚜种群变动的影响。结果表明,在大棚内氮量一定的条件下,高钾处理在百合现蕾期和成熟期蚜量较低,说明钾元素在百合养分积累和分配上起着较大的作用,从而影响桃蚜在寄主上的取食;遮阳网双层覆盖的桃蚜数量高于单层覆盖;露天栽培的百合上下部叶片和花蕾桃蚜数量明显高于茎部和中部叶片。     

放线菌发酵产物对烟蚜的毒力研究

3个放线菌菌株 (3 1-1、3 0 -2、45 -A1)的发酵产物对烟蚜的毒力测定结果表明 :所测菌株对烟蚜均有毒力 ,施药后 2 4h ,菌株 3 1-1对烟蚜的毒力最强 ,LC50 为 0 .0 44 7mg/ml;而菌株 45 -A1毒力最弱 ,LC50 为 0 .0 92 3mg/ml。生物测定结果显示 :施药后 4h ,3个菌株的发酵产物对烟蚜的致死效果差异不显著 ,但施药后 2 4h ,菌株 3 1-1的校正死亡率达 82 .9% ,而菌株 45 -A1的校正死亡率只有 48.7%。     

紫茎泽兰等4种植物粗提物对桃蚜的毒杀效果

[目的]为桃蚜的生态防治提供参考。[方法]分别以紫茎泽兰的地上部分、藿香和番茄的茎叶、大蒜的果实为材料,采用95%乙醇提取其粗提物,研究不同植物粗提物对桃蚜的毒杀效果。[结果]紫茎泽兰粗提物200倍稀释液对桃蚜的毒杀效果显著好于其他药剂;各种药剂对桃蚜的毒杀效果在48 h时为最佳;紫茎泽兰粗提物对桃蚜的毒力在48 h时最高,致死中浓度为3.192 ml/L,其次为24 h,致死中浓度为5.765 ml/L,72 h的致死中浓度为5.383 ml/L,12 h的毒力最差,致死中浓度为15.084 ml/L。[结论]紫茎泽兰粗提物200倍稀释液对桃蚜的毒杀作用最强,24、48 h的校正死亡率分别为50.0%和61.4%。     

Comparison ofPotato Virus Y andPlum Pox Virus transmission by two aphid species in relation to their probing behavior

Two different aphid species,Myzus persicae (Sulzer) andHyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy) (Homoptera: Aphididae), were used to analyze their ability to transmit two different potyviruses,Potato virus Y (PVY) andPlum pox virus (PPV), to pepper (Capsicum annuum) andNicotiana benthamiana plants, respectively. In parallel experiments,M. persicae consistently transmitted both viruses with high efficiency, whereasH. pruni always failed to transmit either virus. This is in contrast to previous reports describingH. pruni as a vector of these potyviruses. Different aphid probing behavior among individual aphids of each species was obtained in electrical penetration graph (EPG) experiments performed on pepper plants. This suggested thatH. pruni did not transmit these potyviruses due to behavioral differences during probing that impeded virus acquisition and/or inoculation. It was found thatM. persicae usually makes its first probe within the first 2 min, whereasH. pruni individuals remained for more than 10 min on the plant before starting to probe. Furthermore,M. persicae individuals displayed their first intracellular puncture during the first minute of probing whereasH. pruni needed ∼ 15 min to penetrate the cell plasmalemma with their stylets. In addition, intracellular stylet punctures occurred very frequently forM. persicae but was a rare event, never exceeding a single one, forH. pruni. The relevance of these findings for the epidemiological spread of potyviruses by different aphid species is discussed. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 14, 2006.     

几种植物提取物和药剂对桃蚜和萝卜蚜生长发育的影响

研究了苍耳提取物和合果芋(白蝴蝶)提取物以及常用天然药剂机油乳剂和 0. 3 %印楝素乳油对桃蚜和萝卜蚜实验种群的影响,两种提取物和药剂对桃蚜一龄若蚜的影响依次为: 0 3 % 印楝素乳油 (2 000×) >苍耳提取物(DW 0 04g·mL-1 ) >机油乳剂(400 ×) >白蝴蝶提取物(DW 0 04g·mL-1 ),对萝卜蚜一龄若蚜的影响依次为: 0. 3 %印楝素乳油(2 000×) >机油乳剂 ( 400×) >苍耳提取物 (DW 0. 04g·mL-1 ) >白蝴蝶提取物(DW 0. 04g·mL-1 );苍耳提取物对萝卜蚜实验种群有明显干扰控制作用,处理后萝卜蚜下代的种群增长量仅为对照的 24. 9 %;此外,苍耳提取物可延缓桃蚜和萝卜蚜的生长发育进程,使发育历期延长,对桃蚜的作用效果比对萝卜蚜的作用效果强;白蝴蝶提取物对萝卜蚜的实验种群也有一定的干扰作用,并可延长桃蚜的发育历期。