杨梅根瘤Frankia菌的分离和培养特性研究

从荸荠种杨梅根瘤中分离获得3个内生菌株,经显微镜检查、回接、固氮活性测定、革兰氏染色检测,证实这3个内生菌为3个Frankia sp.,分别命名为Mpc11、Mpc12、Mpa11,并对这3个分离株的培养特性进行了研究.结果表明,Mpc11、Mpc12、Mpa11 3个菌株的固氮酶活性分别为691 nmol乙烯/mg蛋白·h、689 nmol乙烯/mg蛋白·h和1039 nmol乙烯/mg蛋白·h.适宜于在BAP(有氮)固体培养基、BM+NZ和FMS液体培养基上生长.且分别以葡萄糖、丙酮酸钠(含量均为1 g/L)、吐温-20(含量为1 mL/L)为唯一碳源或分别以酪蛋白水解物、酵母抽提物(含量均为0.5 g/L)为唯一氮源的BAP培养基上生长良好;能利用丙酸钠,但利用率低;且均不能利用尿素.Mpc11和Mpa11分离株适宜于在pH5.5～6.5范围内生长,pH7.0以上则菌体生长受到抑制.     

枝叶凋萎病对杨梅根际菌根的影响

探讨了枝叶凋萎病对其根围菌根的生长及侵染能力的影响.结果表明,较之健康杨梅的须根和菌根,发生枝叶凋萎病的杨梅其根部须根受到严重破坏,内部菌根菌丝多数崩解,根围土壤内的菌根孢子多数破裂、内容物泄露,病树根围分离到的饱满孢子与从健康杨梅树根围分离到的孢子相比其侵染西瓜和三叶草的能力大大下降,具体原因尚需进一步研究.     

贵州矮杨梅营养器官总黄酮测定方法及含量积累规律

矮杨梅为我国特有,其植物体中含有大量的天然黄酮类化合物,对其测定方法和积累规律进行考察和探讨。结果表明,对总黄酮测定方法进行考察得出,线性回归方程为Y=8.5257X-0.0184,相关系数r=0.9996;在0~60 min范围内于波长510 nm条件下测定,结果准确、重现性好(RSD=0.34),回收率高(RSD=2.13%)。相同生育期的总黄酮含量变化规律为:雌株除营养期外均为根>茎>叶;雄株则为营养期和孕花期茎>叶>根,盛花期和果期根>茎>叶。不同生育期矮杨梅总黄酮含量动态变化规律为:雌株根为果期最高,营养期次之,孕花期最小;茎为盛花期>果期>营养期>孕花期;叶为营养期>果期>孕花期>盛花期。雄株根为果期>盛花期>孕花期>营养期;茎和叶为孕花期>果期>营养期>盛花期。     

天竺桂容器苗基质配方筛选试验

采用生土为对照,园土、泥炭土、蛭石和珍珠岩为基质,按不同的体积配制成14种配方,经过试验对天竺桂1年生实生苗生长形态指标特性筛选出天竺桂容器苗最优基质配方,结果表明:园土30%+泥炭土50%+珍珠岩20%为配方的基质培育天竺桂幼苗,其平均株高为22.1 cm、地径0.39 cm、主根长12.25 cm,这些特性均优于对照,此种基质有很好的持水性和保水性,可以减少人工和降低水分管理成本。     

水分调控对杨梅容器苗光合特性的影响

以杨梅(Myrica rubra)1年生嫁接容器苗为试验材料,进行不同水分梯度对其的光合特性的影响试验.结果表明:杨梅的光合作用在不同水分梯度下存在显著差异,其最大净光合速率、光能利用范围与水分含量呈正相关,但水分含量过高反而会使其下降;不同水分梯度下其光合日进程均为双峰型,夏季净光合速率峰值出现在10:00左右,各处理的峰值差异显著;其叶绿素含量在适宜水分含量下最高,且与光合能力呈正相关.综合各项指标,为最大程度满足其水分需求,并达到合理用水的目的,夏季杨梅容器苗培育基质相对含水量以65％～ 75％较为适宜.     

methods during the silvopastoral-system establishment in midwestern USA: Cattle performance and tree damage

Silvopastoral systems offer an alternative to the conventional cow-calf segment of the beef industry in the Midwestern region of the United States. Little information exists for transitioning from a conventional pasture-based beef operation to a silvopastoral system utilizing multiple deciduous tree species. Nine pastures approximately 1 ha in size were established with a mixture of cool-season grasses and legumes to investigate tree protection methods and cattle performance. Four tree species (Juglans nigra, Gleditsia triacanthos, Quercus rubra, & Carya illinoensis) were planted within six of these pastures. Three methods of protection were tested, and included a no protection control (Con), foliar application of 0.20% denatonium benzoate (TreeGuard™), or a single strand of electrified poly-wire (EF) in each of the two grazing years. Cattle damage to young trees was prominent during the two years for Con and TreeGuard™. EF offered acceptable protection. Red oak trees suffered the highest degree of damage from livestock. Establishing trees within grazed pastures did not hinder performance of beef cattle. Transitioning from conventional pastures to silvopastures can be accelerated utilizing an electrified fencing system to prevent cattle damage. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

红叶小檗的繁育技术

红叶小檗(Berberis thunbergii var. atropurpurea Chenault)适应性强,耐修剪,观赏价值高,在园林绿化中广泛应用。文章从选地整地、扦插枝条选择、繁殖方法、幼苗抚育等方面总结红叶小蘖育苗技术,以期为提高红叶小檗繁育水平提供参考。     

山茱萸良种繁育栽植技术

经多次实地踏查和走访调研总结,山茱萸在陕西省境内的秦巴山区15县生长具有得天独厚的优势,主要分布在陕西的汉中、商洛地区。尤其在周至、眉县、太白、佛坪、洋县、丹凤等地发现有成片的自然分布,到目前已成为药材山茱萸的主产区,2014年2月国家质检总局正式批准"周至县山茱萸"为国家地理标志的保护产品。结合各地域立地条件,特将选育的良种进行科学栽培,实现优产丰产。     

杨梅雌、雄种质遗传关系的RAPD和ISSR分析

为获得与主栽的杨梅品种遗传基础相近的杨梅雄株,文章采用了22个多态的RAPD引物和7个多态的ISSR引物,对浙江杨梅的栽培品种东魁、荸荠种、晚稻杨梅、丁岙梅和早色等10个雌株与17个雄株种质资源间的遗传关系进行了研究。结果表明,不同杨梅产地收集的这17个杨梅雄株种质资源中,雄株与品种间的遗传关系呈规律性,即同一产区的地方品种与当地的雄株间遗传相似程度最高,而同一地区不同雄株与当地主栽品种间的遗传相似程度也有不同。通过UPGMA法进行聚类分析,上述5个杨梅主栽品种分别获得了与其亲缘关系相对接近的雄株,成对遗传相似系数最高为0.958,最低为0.878。     

Variation in quality and decomposability of red oak leaf litter along an urban-rural gradient

 This study tested whether urban land use can affect the chemistry and decomposability of Quercus rubra L. (red oak) leaf litter in forests within and near a large metropolitan area. Cities may affect the quality of leaf litter directly through foliar uptake of atmospheric pollutants, and indirectly through alterations in local climate and changes in soil fertility caused by pollutant loads and altered nutrient cycling regimes. Using a microbial bioassay, we tested whether red oak leaf litter collected from urban and suburban forests in and near New York City differed in decomposability from litter of the same species collected from rural forests 130 km from the city. We found that oak litter from the urban forests decayed 25% more slowly and supported 50% less cumulative microbial biomass in a laboratory bioassay than rural litter. Rural litter contained less lignin and more labile material than urban litter, and the amounts of these chemical constituents were highly correlated with the decay rate coefficients and integrated microbial growth achieved on the litter. The specific causes of the variation in litter chemistry are not known. The results of this study suggest that decomposer activity and nutrient cycling in forests near large cities may be affected both by altered litter quality and by altered biotic, chemical and physical environments. The sensitivity of the microbial bioassay makes it useful for distinguishing differences in within-species litter quality that result from natural or anthropogenic variation in the environment. Received: 7 January 1999