一例荚膜血清A型多杀性巴氏杆菌和牛肺炎支原体混合感染犊牛的诊治

新疆某牛场的犊牛出现咳喘、鼻镜干燥、精神不振、食欲废绝、呼吸困难甚至出现死亡的症状,通过对患病牛群的发病情况、剖检、细菌分离鉴定、PCR鉴定等试验方法进行检查。结果显示:病死牛肺部可见明显出血并且伴有肺部实质性肝变;牛支原体和多杀性巴氏杆菌PCR检测都为阳性,曼氏杆菌PCR检测为阴性。通过实验室诊断最终确定该牛场为多杀性巴士杆菌和牛肺炎支原体混合感染。本研究通过病理变化、实验室诊断等方法找到病因,为此类疾病的防控提供借鉴意义。     

Isolation,Identification and Biological Characteristics Research of Streptococcus bovis from Yak

The objective of this study was to isolate and identify Streptococcus bovis from yak, and detect their hemolytic, pathogenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility. 45 fecal samples collected from the diarrheal yaks in Aba state in Northwest Sichuan province were used to isolate Streptococcus bovis with sheep blood culture media under 37℃ and 5% CO₂ condition cultured for 24 h. The isolated bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing. Total 14 Streptococcus bovis were identified, among which, 8 Streptococcus lutetiensis strains and 6 Streptococcus gallolyticus strains. 9 Streptococcus bovis strains showed α hemolytic, and 5 Streptococcus bovis showed β hemolytic. Both Streptococcus lutetiensis and Streptococcus gallolyticus caused the experimental mice mild diarrhea. The isolated 14 Streptococcus bovis were sensitive to penicillin, cefotaxime, vacomycin, acetylspiramycin, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, teicoplanin, ampicillin and gentamicin, and highly tolerant to streptomycin, kanamycin, lincomycin, erythrocin, tetracycline and clindamycin.This study illustrated the biological characteristics of the isolated Streptococcus bovis from yak, which made the basis for the prevention and control of diseases caused by Streptococcus bovis.     

牛支原体EF-Tu基因的克隆表达、亚细胞定位及间接ELISA方法建立

旨在获得牛支原体延伸因子EF-Tu蛋白,分析其在牛支原体菌体内的分布情况,建立EF-Tu间接ELISA法,为进一步研究牛支原体EF-Tu的生物学功能提供理论依据,也为建立牛支原体有效的血清学诊断方法和亚单位疫苗的研制奠定基础。参照Uniprot数据库中M.bovis PG45株EF-Tu基因序列,应用Overlap PCR扩增获得EF-Tu基因并将其克隆至pMD19-T载体,测序正确后,构建pET32a-EF-Tu原核表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21表达菌,IPTG诱导表达,纯化后的表达产物免疫新西兰兔(New Zealand rabbit)制备多克隆抗体,利用间接ELISA测定高免血清抗体效价,用Western blot和间接ELISA法初步定位EF-Tu在菌体内的分布,通过优化反应条件,建立间接ELISA检测法。结果表明:重组蛋白EF-Tu约为66ku,主要以可溶性形式表达;采用间接ELISA测定的多克隆抗体效价为1:6400;Western blot和ELISA表明该蛋白在牛支原体细胞质和细胞膜中均有表达,且含量相当。利用EF-Tu建立的ELISA法具有很好的特异性和敏感性。通过原核表达系统成功得到牛支原体延伸因子的重组蛋白,该蛋白分布于菌体细胞质和膜表面,且含量基本相当。本研究所建立的EF-Tu ELISA法适合大规模的血清学诊断检测。     

牛结核杆菌MPB70-ESAT-6融合蛋白的原核表达及抗原反应性分析

为增强单个蛋白的抗原性,利用(Gly4Ser)3柔性连接肽将牛结核杆菌MPB70和ESAT-6融合。采用重叠延伸PCR技术将牛结核杆菌mpb70与esat-6基因连接,获得融合基因mpb70-esat-6,连接至T-Vector pMD19中,获得克隆质粒pMD-70-esat-6。经Bam HⅠ、EcoRⅠ酶切、纯化,并与p ET28a(+)载体连接,构建了pET-70-esat-6重组表达质粒。SDS-PAGE发现,在27.2 ku处表达了融合蛋白MPB70-ESAT-6,Western blotting证实,MPB70-ESAT-6与牛结核阳性血清反应性良好。MPB70-ESAT-6融合蛋白的研究为牛结核病诊断抗原及相关疫苗研究奠定了基础。     

牛支原体新疆株的分离鉴定

为调查新疆规模化奶牛场病牛死亡原因并确定病原,本研究无菌采集7份肺炎病死牛病变肺组织样,通过牛支原体液体培养基和固体培养基分离到1株支原体,采用形态学观察和生化试验鉴定该分离株,采用支原体特异性引物和牛支原体16S rRNA通用引物扩增基因序列并测序,使用DNAStar软件将分离菌株测序结果与GenBank中的标准株序列进行同源性比对,采用Mega 6.0软件中的邻接法(Neighbor-Joining,NJ)依据16S rRNA序列构建分离株系统进化树。结果显示,分离株菌落呈典型的"煎蛋样",菌落中心凹陷深入培养基,周边菲薄而透明,经Dienes染液染色后,菌落中心呈深蓝色。该分离株不分解葡萄糖、尿素、不水解精氨酸,血细胞吸附试验和溶血试验均呈阴性,氯化三苯基四氮唑还原反应呈阳性,产生膜和斑。PCR反应扩增出大小为1 911 bp的牛支原体特异性目的片段;分离株16S rRNA基因序列与牛支原体标准株PG45的序列同源性为99.8%,与牛支原体地方株(Mb NM2012、Mb HB0801、Mb Hubei-1、Mb Ningxia-1、Mb CQ-W70和Mb 08M)的同源性为99.3%～99.7%。系统进化树显示,分离株16S rRNA基因与Mb Ningxia-1株和Mb 08M株亲缘关系较近,处于同一分支。本研究结果证实了引起病牛死亡的病原为牛支原体,为新疆牛支原体病的防治提供了科学依据。     

牛支原体临洮分离株NOX-1的克隆表达、酶学活性及其亚细胞定位研究

为研究牛支原体(M. bovis)临洮分离株(LT strain)NOX-1基因特征表达产物的酶活性,及其在细胞中的具体存在部位,参照GenBank中M. bovis NOX-1HuBei株NOX-1基因序列(GenBank登录号:NC015725.1)设计引物,应用PCR扩增M.bovis临洮株的NOX-1基因,在完成测序后构建NOX-1基因原核表达载体pET-NOX-1,并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,经异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导后表达。表达产物纯化后进行酶活测定并免疫新西兰兔,制备多克隆抗体,继而应用Western blot及间接ELISA对NOX-1在M. bovis内的分布进行初步定位。结果显示,M. bovis临洮株NOX-1基因全长1365 bp,重组质粒经IPTG诱导在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中成功表达,重组蛋白His-NOX-1的分子量约为50 kDa;重组蛋白酶促反应最适酶促温度为30℃、pH为7.5,双倒数法求得重组蛋白Km和Vmax分别为256.41μmol/L、34.25μmol/(L·min);Western blot及间接ELISA结果表明His-NOX-1在M. bovis细胞膜上和细胞浆中均有分布且胞浆含量较高。本研究结果为进一步研究M. bovisNOX-1的生物学功能奠定了一定的基础。     

Analyses of lipopolysaccharides, outer membrane proteins and DNA fingerprints reveal intraspecies diversity in Moraxella bovis isolated in Argentina

Intra-specific diversity within Moraxella bovis was investigated analysing DNA fingerprints, outer membrane proteins (OMP) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) profiles. Three collection strains and 57 isolates of M. bovis, collected during 3 years from cattle with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) symptoms, from diverse geographical locations of Argentina, were examined. The LPS and OMP profiles were studied through SDS–PAGE analysis and genotype was determined by PCR-DNA fingerprinting. Genotyping identified five DNA types while analysis of LPS and OMP profiles identified three rough LPS types and three OMP types among the 60 isolates of M. bovis including the three collection strains. None of the three methods employed to assess diversity was discriminating when used alone because the degree of heterogeneity in each group of surface structures was limited, but when data of each typing method were combined, 15 distinct subgroups were determined. This subgrouping was clearly able to differentiate isolates of the same genotype. These typing methods appear to be useful to assess different aspects of the disease such as the diversity within a population of M. bovis associated to epidemic conditions, track the causal agent in an outbreak of the disease, monitoring vaccination programs and studies on virulence.     

Histopathological classification of systemic Mycobacterium avium complex infections in slaughtered domestic pigs

The aim of this study was to classify the histopathological features of pigs infected with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). We used slaughtered pig organs systemically infected with MAC. The results showed granulomatous lesions which were observed predominantly in the digestive organs and regional lymph nodes rather than respiratory organs. The histological picture showed a wide range of granulomatous stages from exudative to fibrotic reactions to the MAC infection. Eosinophils and giant cells were characteristically observed in the exudative reactions. The histopathological type in primary focus tended to be maintained in the respective organs. Most strains with the same genotype showed pathogenicity for guinea pigs irrespective of the type of granuloma. Although these findings suggest that different stages of a granulomatous lesion originating from the same causative agent might influence histological patterns, other possibilities such as the hereditary background of the host, or the effects of viral infections should be considered.     

牛结核病诊断方法研究进展

牛结核病主要是由牛分支杆菌引起的一种人兽共患传染病,近年来发病率有所上升,给奶牛养殖业造成了巨大的危害。目前,牛结核病的诊断仍然以传统的迟发性变态反应试验为主,其他诊断方法有根据临床症状和病理变化诊断、抗酸染色法、细菌分离培养法、PCR法、血清学方法、淋巴细胞转化试验、γ-干扰素试验和菌体成分检测法等。为了净化该病,必须提高诊断方法的敏感性和特异性。文章对这些诊断方法及其优缺点做了概述,并指出结核病普查检测时,比较合理的诊断方式是迟发性变态反应试验和间接ELISA法同时运用。     

Management factors associated with Babesia bovis seroprevalence in cattle from eastern Yucatán, Mexico.

The effect of management on the seroprevalence of Babesia bovis was studied in 399 Bos indicus cattle 1–2 years old from 92 farms in the eastern Yucatán, México. The management factors studied were: farm-type, production system, herd size, farm size, stocking density, vector control, dipping interval, type of dipping, type of acaricide and cattle introduction to the farm. A cross-sectional study was carried out (2-stage cluster sampling). The number of serum samples was proportionally distributed according to the number of farms in the nine locations of eastern Yucatán, México (399 animals from 92 farms). Antibody activity to B. bovis was tested using an indirect ELISA. The farms with a seroprevalence ≤75% were considered as cases and those with seroprevalence >75% were considered as controls. The variables with p ≤ 0.20 were included in fixed effects logistic regression. The seroprevalence of the zone was 73.8% (66.3–81.3%). The following risk factors were found: Stocking density (<1 head/ha, OR = 4.04, CI (OR) = 1.20–13.62) and dipping interval (>60 days, OR = 5.07 CI (OR) = 1.26–20.48).