An all-island approach to mapping bovine tuberculosis in Ireland

This study used techniques in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to explore the spatial patterns of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in the whole island of Ireland over an 11-year period. This is the first time that data pertaining to TB from the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland have been collated and examined in an all-Ireland context. The analyses were based on 198, 156 point locations representing active farms with cattle in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland between the years 1996 and 2006. The results consist of a series of maps giving a visual representation of cattle populations and associated detected bTB levels on the island of Ireland over this time interval.     

Molecular findings and approaches spotlighting Mycobacterium bovis persistence in cattle

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) are the etiological agents of human and bovine tuberculosis (TB, bTB) respectively, and share genetic identity over 99% at the whole genome level. Progress has been made towards explaining how mycobacteria and their infected hosts remain in balance without producing clinical symptoms of disease, a phenomenon referred to as latency or persistence, which can be mimicked by certain in vitro conditions. Latency/persistence has mainly been studied using Mtb, where the two-component signalling system, dosRS, has been assigned an instrumental role, and even constitutes the current basis for development of new diagnostic methods and treatment addressing this particular stage of TB. M. bovis conserves homolog genes that in Mtb play a role in human latent TB infection and that, by analogy, would allow it to enter a persistent state in infected cattle; nevertheless, little attention has been paid to this stage in bovine hosts. We suggest that many of the advances acquired through the study of Mtb can and should be taken into consideration by research groups and veterinary professionals dealing with bTB. The study of the infection in bovines, paying particular attention to defining the molecular and cellular markers of a M. bovis persistent infection in cattle, presents great opportunities for the development and trial of new diagnostic tests and vaccines, tools that will surely help in promoting eradication of bTB in high-burden settings.     

Vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG Strains Danish and Pasteur in White‐tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Experimentally Challenged with Mycobacterium bovis

Wildlife reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis represent serious obstacles to the eradication of tuberculosis in domestic livestock and the cause for many faltering bovine tuberculosis eradication programmes. One approach in dealing with wildlife reservoirs of disease is to interrupt inter‐species and intraspecies transmission through vaccination of deer or cattle. To evaluate the efficacy of BCG vaccination in white‐tailed deer, 35 deer were assigned to one of three groups; one s.c. dose of 10⁷ CFU of M. bovis BCG Pasteur (n = 12); 1 s.c. dose of 10⁷ CFU of M. bovis BCG Danish (n = 11); or unvaccinated deer (n = 12). After vaccination, deer were inoculated intratonsilarly with virulent M. bovis. Lesion severity scores of the medial retropharyngeal lymph node, as well as all lymph nodes combined, were reduced in vaccinated deer compared to unvaccinated deer. BCG Danish vaccinated deer had no late stage granulomas characterized by coalescent caseonecrotic granulomas containing numerous acid‐fast bacilli compared to BCG Pasteur vaccinated or unvaccinated deer where such lesions were present. Both BCG strains were isolated as late as 250 days after vaccination from deer that were vaccinated but not challenged. In white‐tailed deer, BCG provides protection against challenge with virulent M. bovis. Issues related to vaccine persistence, safety and shedding remain to be further investigated.     

一起奶牛结核病检疫阳性的处理

文章旨在通过介绍一起奶牛养殖场在结核病检疫中,用皮内变态反应试验对261头奶牛进行检测,检测出3头阳性牛,并对其进行无害化处理,采取综合防制措施,净化奶牛场结核病,提高养殖效益。     

检测牛结核抗体新型ELISA方法的建立及应用

利用分子克隆和Splicing by overlapping extension(SOE)技术,表达了重组蛋白rM70-83-E6,Western blot分析rM70-83-E6具有很好的特异性。以蛋白rM70-83-E6作为诊断抗原建立了间接ELISA方法,ELISA诊断方法的判定标准,即S/P≥0.5为阳性,S/P<0.4为阴性,0.5>S/P≥0.4为可疑。ELISA方法的特异性为96.0%、敏感性为69.4%。对67份PPD皮试阳性和50份PPD皮试阴性(117份)血清样品进行了检测,并与PPD皮试比较。67份PPD皮试阳性血清样品中有46份为ELISA检测阳性,阳性符合率为68.7%,50份PPD皮试阴性牛血清都为阴性,阴性符合率为100%,本ELISA方法与PPD皮试诊断方法总复合率为82.1%。研究表明,ELISA方法具有很好的开发和应用前景。     

调节性T细胞及在结核分支杆菌感染中的作用研究进展

结核病是由结核分支杆菌引起的慢性消耗性传染病。结核分支杆菌属于胞内寄生菌,机体的抗结核免疫主要依赖特异性的细胞免疫。调节性 T 细胞（Treg）是一类具有免疫抑制功能的 T 细胞亚群,在结核病的发生发展过程中起重要作用,Treg 在抗结核免疫中的作用成为研究热点。论文就调节性 T 细胞在结核分支杆菌感染中作用的研究进展做一综述。     

牛结核病巢式PCR快速检测方法的建立

根据分枝杆菌（mycobacteria）保守的插入序列IS1081设计4条特异性引物，建立了快速检测牛结核病的巢式PCR方法。该方法一次扩增的敏感性是1．35pg，二次扩增的敏感性是1．35fg。在对95份PPD阳性牛临床病料组织和23份血液样本的PCR检测中，用引物TB—Q1和TB-Q2做一次扩增，阳性检出率分别为36／95（37．5％）和5／23（21．7％）；用引物TB—B1和TB—B2做二次扩增，阳性检出率分别为81／95（85．3％）和14／23（60．9％）。该方法作为辅助PPD试验的快速检测方法用于牛结核病的流行病学调查，具有重要的实用价值和应用前景。     

武威市奶牛结核病流行病学调查研究

充分了解本地奶牛结核病流行病学,预防人畜共患病,采用牛型结核分支杆菌PPD皮内变态反应试验,1996~2006年对武威市奶牛结核病感染情况进行调查,结果11年间共检奶牛17 049头,检出阳性牛255头,平均阳性率为1.49%。该期间武威市奶牛结核病在古浪县、天祝县、民勤县和凉州区均有发生。从奶牛结核病的流行趋势分析,11年间奶牛结核病的发病率呈下降趋势。     

牛结核病抗体胶体金快速检测技术的建立和应用

为了建立一种快速检测牛分支杆菌抗体的新方法用于诊断牛结核病,利用胶体金免疫层析技术原理,用原核诱导表达的牛分支杆菌抗原蛋白MPB83和MPB70分别作为胶体金标记抗原和检测线上的捕获抗原,制备牛结核抗体检测试纸条.结果表明,粒径为40 nm的胶体金制备的试纸条敏感性最高,胶体金最佳标记pH为6.0,MPB83抗原最适标记量为每毫升胶体金6.5 μg,MPB70抗原的最适包被浓度为3.0 mg/mL,抗MPB83蛋白IgG的最佳包被浓度为2.5 mg/mL,交叉试验证明试纸条不与牛的其他非相关疾病的阳性血清反应,具有较高的特异性.比较试验证明其敏感性显著高于韩国进口试纸条.在上述试验条件下生产了一批胶体金试纸条进行临床样品检测,并与细菌分离培养、结核菌素皮内变态反应(TST)和韩国试纸条比较.本试纸条与牛分支杆菌分离培养的符合率为85%,与TST的符合率为79.73%,与韩国试纸条的符合率为98.75%.快速检测牛结核抗体的免疫层析试纸条具有敏感、特异、简便、快速的特点,适用于对牛结核病进行普查和检疫,也可作为TST的辅助诊断方法,在牛结核病根除计划中具有良好的应用前景.     

两种方法检测奶牛结核病的比较分析

采用常规皮内变态反应(TST方法)对唐山、秦皇岛、沧州和石家庄四个市共计2 204头奶牛进行牛结核病检测,采用IFN-γ试验方法对PPD检测结果为阳性、可疑的牛以及部分阴性牛进行复检。将IFN-γ试验与TST检测结果相比较,其敏感性为78.26%,特异性为89.09%,符合率为84.33%。研究表明单独使用PPD皮内变态反应方法在牛结核病的诊断方面存在特异性差的缺点,用IFN-γ试验对TST试验阳性和可疑牛进行复检可以提高特异性,避免造成假阳性牛的误杀;该方法在临床上适合推广应用。