微生物菌剂对兰州城市生活污泥堆肥效果的影响

以兰州市城市生活鲜污泥和40%干污泥为原料，以玉米秸秆为辅料，添加金宝贝生物发酵剂和阿姆斯生物发酵剂进行堆肥，研究微生物菌剂对堆肥过程中温度、含水率、NH₄₊ N、NO₃^- N和全N的影响。结果表明，除鲜污泥（D 1，CK）处理外，其他各处理堆体温度保持在50 ℃以上均超过7 d，达到堆肥卫生标准，加入微生物菌剂使堆体提前5 d达到50 ℃；其他各处理经过20 d堆置含水率降至45%以下，达到园林绿化使用标准；加入微生物菌剂使堆体全N损失增加0.56%~4.47%，并促进NH₄₊ N的生成和NO₃^- N的积累。     

城市污水处理厂二级出水用于城市绿化的研究

对废水浇灌景观植物进行可行性研究。评价指标为植物叶绿素、光合作用能力和呼吸作用能力。试验结果说明，经过生物处理的城市污水对植物有利无害，因此，城市污水经生物处理后可用于城市绿化。     

The socioeconomics and management of Santiago de Chile''s public urban forests

Santiago, Chile's semi-arid climate and urbanized environment poses a severe limitation for the establishment and maintenance of urban forests. Municipalities, or comunas, are the main stakeholders in the management of Santiago's public urban forests. A tenable hypothesis would be that as the socioeconomic level of a comuna increases, the better the condition of a comuna's urban forest. Unfortunately, there is little comprehensive information on management, public expenditure, and structure of Santiago's public and private urban forests. To examine this hypothesis, Santiago was divided into socioeconomic strata, then using air photo interpretation and stratified field sampling, urban forest structures were quantified by socioeconomic strata. In addition, interview surveys were used to determine municipal urban forest management and expenditures for different public urban forests based on socioeconomic strata. Urban forests in the high socioeconomic strata had fewer public trees, greater tree cover, tree and leaf area density, and leaf area index than lower socioeconomic strata. The percentage of total municipal budget allocated to public urban forest management was consistent among strata, but the total public urban forest budgets were greater in the high socioeconomic strata. Public urban forest structure is related to the socioeconomic strata of Santiago's different comunas.     

基于网络环境下的《市政学》课程教学探讨

探讨了在现代科学技术高速发展,特别是网络技术飞速发展的今天,对高校传统的课程教学模式带来的挑战。《市政学》作为专门研究市政管理一般理论的科学,具有很强的现实应用性,其课程教学面临更为严峻的挑战。还研究了在校园网、互联网的基础上,如何利用多媒体课件和网络,有效组织、引导、管理和开展《市政学》的开放式教学。     

城市污泥应用于毛白杨林地施肥试验

为了妥善处置和利用城市污泥,使之变废为宝,采用城市污泥对毛白杨进行了不同立地施肥量、施肥时期试验.结果表明,污泥施肥改善了林地土壤的理化性状,对土壤具有修复作用.在不同施肥时期,不同立地条件下,施入一定量的城市污泥对毛白杨株高、胸径的生长均有促进作用,平原林地毛白杨净生长量优于丘陵地,污泥施入量以75 kg/株效果最佳.     

威海市城市生活垃圾处理产业化发展研究

城市生活垃圾产业化处理是解决城市生活垃圾处理问题的有效途径。通过对威海市城市生活垃圾源头分类、终端处理、资源再生等进行分析,指出威海市目前存在垃圾源头分类未成体系,产业化程度低等问题。借鉴美国、德国及中国江苏省等国内外城市生活垃圾处理经验,提出建立完善的垃圾分类回收体系,提高垃圾处理产业化规模等建议,以促进威海市城市生活垃圾的产业化处理进程。     

Carbon and nitrogen mineralization of non-composted and composted municipal solid waste in sandy soils

A sterilized, but undecomposed, organic by-product of municipal waste processing was incubated in sandy soils to compare C and N mineralization with mature municipal waste compost. Waste products were added to two soils at rates of 17.9, 35.8, 71.6, and dry weight and incubated at for 90 d. Every 30 d, nitrate and ammonium concentrations were analyzed and C mineralization was measured as total CO₂-C evolved and added total organic C. Carbon mineralization of the undecomposed waste decreased over time, was directly related to application rate and soil nutrient status, and was significantly higher than C mineralization of the compost, in which C evolution was relatively unaffected across time, soils, and application rates. Carbon mineralization, measured as percentage C added by the wastes, also indicated no differences between composted waste treatments. However, mineralization as a percentage of C added in the undecomposed waste treatments was inversely related to application rate in the more productive soil, and no rate differences were observed in the highly degraded soil. Total inorganic N concentrations were much higher in the compost- and un-amended soils than in undecomposed waste treatments. Significant N immobilization occurred in all undecomposed waste treatments. Because C mineralization of the undecomposed waste was dependant on soil nutrient status and led to significant immobilization of N, this material appears to be best suited for highly degraded soils low in organic matter where restoration of vegetation adapted to nutrient poor soils is desired.     

北京市医疗系统污染源对市政污水中汞的贡献研究

根据抽样定律确定高碑店污水处理厂流域113家医疗机构中的北京医院等28家医院作为采样点,测定采样点排水中Hg浓度,计算Hg的总排放量,并分析了Hg排放量与医院床位数和门诊量的关系。结果表明,高碑店流域医疗机构Hg排放浓度较高,医院排水中Hg浓度(Y)与医院床位数(X1)和门诊量(X2)的关系式为:Y=3.11X1 0.098X2 166.94。流域内Hg排放总量为99.6g/d,根据高碑店污水处理厂的进水Hg浓度及日进水量计算出进水的总Hg量为828.0g/d,故高碑店流域内医疗系统对于高碑店污水处理厂进水Hg的贡献率为12.02%,说明流域内医疗系统对于高碑店污水处理厂进水Hg的贡献并不占主要地位。     

Agricultural and ecological aspects of a sandy soil as affected by the application of municipal solid waste composts

We present the results of a plot experiment in which the changes in physical, chemical and physico-chemical properties of a sandy soil were examined after amending the soil with two different composts produced from municipal solid wastes. Triticale (X Triticosecale), cultivated in a 3-y monoculture, was used as a test plant. Both composts differed in their concentrations of heavy metals. Composts were applied non-recurrently in the spring before sowing, at the rates of 18, 36, and 72 t dry matter ha⁻¹. The plots without fertilization, and those fertilized annually with mineral nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) were used as controls. Soil samples were collected 1 month after compost application, as well as each year after harvesting. Application of both composts improved soil physical properties, associated with increasing content of organic carbon (OC). Statistically significant increases of total porosity, field water capacity and amounts of plant-available water were found only in the short time after compost application. Despite the fact that soil OC content decreased with time, a C:N ratio clearly increased in the third year after compost application, which was explained by a depletion of N reserve. Both composts caused a large increase of plant-available P, K, and magnesium (Mg), which was observed during the entire period of the experiment. Beneficial changes were also observed in soil humic substances composition. These were confirmed by increased humic acids content and humic/fulvic acid ratios. Soil cation exchange capacity and base saturation increased in all plots amended with composts. This effect was still observed 1 year after compost application, while in the third year it remained significant only at the highest compost rates. Compost originating from industrial areas, even if applied in low amounts, caused a significant increase in total concentration of soil heavy metals. This fact did not result, however, in any substantial changes in soil quality with regard to heavy metals content.     

城市生活垃圾焚烧处理及其污染控制研究

探讨城市生活垃圾焚烧技术的原理、工艺、优缺点及垃圾焚烧工艺主要影响因素,分析城市生活垃圾焚烧的产污环节,提出污染控制的方法和措施,为垃圾焚烧厂的建设提供参考。