基于线性滤波法的单株林木抗风有限元模拟

风灾是林木发生破坏的主要原因之一,研究树木结构特征以及受力特点能够深入了解树木在受风荷载作用时各个部位的应力状态,确定其易发生破坏的区域,从而采取对应措施保证林木的安全稳定性。运用线性滤波法可以模拟实际状态下的脉动风模型;利用有限元技术可建立树木的有限元模型。结合两者可以模拟树木受动力风荷载作用的过程,并可计算树木各个部位的应力状态和位移等参数。模型搭建过程分为2个部分:风模拟,即运用线性滤波法编程计算得到随机的时程风场,再通过计算转换为脉动风荷载并施加于单株林木;树的模拟可根据单株树木各部分密度、弹性模量等与树高线性相关的假设,采用ANSYS中的参数化建模法(APDL)编程得到树木模型。最后编制宏文件,得到可以通过更改个别参数达到调节树模型以及脉动风场的命令流文件。在模型加载后,通过对所得到数据进行分析和比较,了解林木的抗风性能。在该模拟中,采用我国华北地区沿海防护林树种黑松为主要研究对象。通过模拟,了解单株黑松在脉动风荷载作用下的力学响应,得知材料的抗剪切性能决定其抗风能力大小,从而可采取相应措施如加固或对林木进行定期修剪,提升林木稳定性。      

基于流函数理论的近海风机非线性波浪荷载计算

《宋史·礼志》的史料价值主要体现在四个方面：一是记载较为系统与丰富,包括总体和局部两种情况;二是保存了部分珍贵史料,如诏令奏议、礼论等;三是订正他书讹误与不足,有时间误、人名误、职官误、地点误等;四是后世官私著述之史源。     

AX=b在逆M-阵类中的反问题

将线性方程组 Ａ Ｘ＝ ｂ 分为５ 种情况（ Ｘ＞ ０、 Ｘ≥０、 Ｘ＜ ０、 Ｘ≤０、 Ｘ 为一般情况），通过构造矩阵的方法，讨论了该线性方程组的反问题在逆 Ｍ－ 阵类中有解的条件．在一般情况下，当给定的实向量 Ｘ 与ｂ 中相应的分量同号时，则线性方程组 Ａ Ｘ＝ ｂ 在逆 Ｍ － 阵类中的反问题有解．     

森林采伐限额与林业企业生产经营优化的探讨

简述了实施森林采伐限额制度的意义，以及实施限量采伐对林业企业经济的影响。利用投入产出与线性规划最优化模型对林业企业生产经营进行优化设计，提出了解决林业企业民限量采伐矛盾的方法和途径。     

利用动态规划设计温室前屋面最佳形状的研究

用动态规划方法进行温室的最佳前屋面形状设计表明，采用总进光量最大作为规划目标，建立了动态规划求解模型，并对沈阳地区跨度为６０ｍ、脊高为２８ｍ的温室进行了优化。     

Spatial optimization by simulated annealing and linear programming

Forest management planning comprises selection among treatment alternatives in management units. A traditional linear programming (LP) approach may effectively account for a profit maximization objective combined with sustainability constraints, e.g. on the temporal distribution of harvest volume flows, cash‐flow, and net present value development, but it fails to account for spatial constraints, especially those associated with final felling. By applying a simulated annealing adjacency model based on net present value maximization and combined with an LP consequence computation model, it is possible to delineate optimal strategies of final felling scheduling. Evaluation is made of the trade‐off between (1) the incremental cost (determined by use of the LP model) of an optimal adjacency model solution, and (2) the potential damage cost resulting from adjacency characteristics such as windthrow and bark injuries. The decision support system may contribute significantly to reduce damage costs and may improve the reliability of forest management planning.     

Development of a linear mixed-effects individual-tree basal area increment model for masson pine in Hunan Province,South-central China

ABSTRACT

An individual-tree basal area increment model was developed for masson pine based on 26276 observations of 13,138 trees in 987 sample plots from the 7th (2004), 8th (2009), and 9th (2014) Chinese National Forest Inventory in Hunan Province, South-central China. The model was built using a linear mixed-effects approach with sample plots included as random effects since the data have a hierarchical stochastic structure and biased estimates of the standard error of parameter estimates could be a consequence of applying ordinary least square (OLS) for regression. In addition, within-plot heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation were also considered. The final mixed-effects model was determined according to the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), log-likelihood (Loglik), and the likelihoodratio test (LRT). The results revealed that initial diameter (DBH), the sum of the basal area (m²/ha) in trees with DBHs larger than the DBH of the subject tree (BAL), number of trees per hectare (NT), and elevation (EL) had a significant impact on individual-tree basal area increment. The mixed-effects model performed much better than the basic model produced using OLS. Additionally, the variance structure of the model errors was successfully modeled using the power function. However, the autocorrelation structures were not defined because there was no autocorrelation amongst the data. It is believed that the final model will contribute to the scientific management of the masson pine.     

Interaction analysis between slenderness ratio and resin content on mechanical properties of particleboard

The interaction between particle size and resin content is one of the most important structural parameters that can influence the accuracy of predictions about wood-composite properties. We developed three kinds of equation (linear, quadratic, and exponential) for each mechanical property of particleboard based on slenderness ratio and resin content at a constant density (0.7g cm -3 ). Results from SHAZAM software (version 9) suggested that the quadratic function was not significant, but the linear and exponential functions were significant. The interaction between particle size and resin content was analyzed by Maple 9 software. The results indicated that an exponential function can better describe the simultaneous effect of slenderness and resin content than a linear equation. Under constant resin content, particles with higher slenderness ratios increased more in modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) than did particles with lower slenderness ratios. Edge withdrawal resistance (SWRe) values did not increase with increasing slenderness ratio.     

利用MODIS数据反演森林生物量的方法研究

以东北三省为试验区,利用MOD IS时间序列上的植被指数NDVI,结合森林资源清查样地数据测算的林分生物量,以及年均降水量、年均蒸散量、年均湿润度、年均积温、经度、纬度等地理环境因子,采用多元线性回归的方法构建森林生物量遥感估测模型。通过样本检验,该模型对东北三省的森林生物量密度估测精度较高,与检验样本的平均每公顷生物量平均相差1.30%;通过样本定位检验,平均相差21.87%。该模型适宜在宏观尺度上估测森林生物量。     

基于激光雷达数据的东北林区航空林分材积表编制

利用东北林区云冷杉林、落叶松林、樟子松林、红松林、栎树林、桦树林、杨树林、榆树林、椴树林和水胡黄林10种森林类型的1947个样地的激光雷达数据和地面实测蓄积量数据,首先通过多元线性回归和非线性回归方法,分别建立基于机载激光雷达数据的森林蓄积量回归估计模型,并通过对比分析,确定统一形式的基础回归模型;然后利用哑变量建模方法,建立基于不同森林类型参数和相同激光雷达变量的蓄积量模型。结果表明,研究建立的10种森林类型的线性蓄积量回归模型的解释变量个数在2~7之间,确定系数在0.460~0.858之间;非线性蓄积量回归模型的解释变量个数在2~4之间,确定系数在0.461~0.846之间。基于点云平均高度和平均强度建立的10种森林类型的二元蓄积量模型(研究称之为标准模型),其确定系数在0.440~0.815之间,平均预估误差在2.88%~4.42%之间,平均百分标准误差在16.76%~25.52%之间,预估精度基本达到森林资源规划设计调查技术规定要求。依据研究建立的10种森林类型的蓄积量模型,可以编制基于激光雷达数据的航空林分材积表,在森林资源调查实践中推广应用。