泡核桃良种“泽圣3号”的选育

“泽圣3号”是在云南省会泽县泡核桃实生群体中选育而成的优良品种。该品种连续丰产性能好,并具有避晚霜特性;坚果中等大,均单果重11.94g,形状为扁圆球,果基圆,果顶圆渐尖,纵径3.86cm,横径3.42cm,侧径2.97cm,果壳纹路较浅,缝合线低,结合紧密;壳厚0.74mm,核仁重6.21g,出仁率52﹪,内褶壁退化,横隔膜纸质,易取整仁,仁色黄白,仁饱满,味香,脂肪含量68.10﹪,蛋白质含量16.40﹪。在会泽地区9月上中旬果实成熟。2017年通过云南省林木品种审定委员会良种认定。     

植物生长调节剂、基质对三个品种费约果扦插生根的影响

选取五年生健壮费约果树为母株,采用L9(33)正交设计法研究植物生长调节剂、基质对三个品种费约果半木质化枝条扦插生根的影响。本试验结果表明：不同品种、植物生长调节剂和基质处理的生根的影响呈显著性水平。影响费约果扦插枝条生根率因素的主次顺序为品种>植物生长调节剂>基质;影响根长因素的主次顺序为基质>植物生长调节剂>品种;影响插穗根数的因素主次顺序品种>基质>植物生长调节剂。Gemini品种经1000 mg/L ABT浸泡两分钟,以腐叶土+珍珠岩为基质,生根效果最好,生根率为70.00%,平均根长为8.85 cm,平均根数为10.22条/穗;Unique品种经1000 mg/L ABT浸泡两分钟,以腐叶土+蛭石为基质,生根效果较好,生根率为56.67%,平均根长为9.32 cm,平均根数为12.33条/穗;Coolidge品种生根率低,均≤20 %。     

水分高效利用型谷子新品种"冀谷19"选育研究

冀谷19是采用杂交方法从"矮88×青丰谷"中选育而成,表现优质、高产和水分利用效率高.2002年和2003年国家夏谷新品种区域试验,平均单产5 296.5 kg/hm2,较对照豫谷5号增产14.4%.2004年通过全国谷子品种鉴定委员会鉴定.2004年推广面积58 000 hm2,最高单产达8 430 kg/hm2,成为河北省旱地无公害优质小米开发的骨干品种.     

河北省审定优质麦主要性状分析

分析了1998～2005年河北省审定优质小麦品种的农艺性状、品质性状及来源.结果表明:审定品种的产量水平和株高近年来改良效果明显,基本接近于高产品种;蛋白质和稳定时间基本达到国家强筋麦标准,而湿面筋含量、吸水率和沉降值相对较低;优质基因源狭窄.优质麦育种今后应注重沉降值和吸水率的研究和选择,拓宽遗传基础.     

An investigation into the grazing efficiency of perennial ryegrass varieties

The objective of this study was to compare the grazing efficiency of 30 perennial ryegrass varieties, differing in ploidy and heading date. Plots were grazed by lactating dairy cows and managed under a rotational grazing system with 19 grazing events occurring over two years. Pre-grazing and post-grazing compressed sward heights were measured with a rising plate meter. A mixed model was used to predict the post-grazing sward height of each variety based on year, grazing event, block and pre-grazing sward height. Residual grazed height (RGH) was derived as the difference between the actual and predicted post-grazing sward height and was used as the measure of grazing efficiency. Negative RGH values indicated that the actual herbage removed was greater than that predicted and so indicated a superior grazing efficiency. Varieties differed in their level of grazing efficiency (p < .001), with RGH values ranging from −0.38 to +0.34 cm. Tetraploid varieties exhibited significantly greater grazing efficiency performance than diploids (p < .001), with average RGH values of −0.13 and +0.13 cm respectively. A significant difference in grazing efficiency was found among recommended perennial ryegrass varieties that are not being recorded by mechanically harvested simulated grazing protocols. A variety reappraisal that included grazing efficiency could identify varieties capable of improving on-farm livestock productivity from grass.     

青海省寒潮天气过程中的气温变化影响因素分析

利用常规气象观测资料,分析了2011年3月13—14日青海省一次大范围的寒潮天气过程的成因,并在此基础上根据局地温度方程,定量分析了过程中影响温度变化的主要因子和各自的贡献,结论如下:(1)此次过程是青海省一次典型的横槽转竖型寒潮天气,并且自西向东爆发。过程前期形成典型的寒潮中期倒大“Ω”流型。上游有强冷平流输送,500 hPa冷中心-44℃,700 hPa冷中心-28℃。青海上空西北风风速26 m/s,300 hPa高空西风急流入口区的横向非地转正次级环流也利于地面降温。(2)地面蒙古冷高压中心1060 hPa,影响青海的冷高压达1050 hPa。过程中青海西部的24 h最大正变压18 hPa,24 h负变温最大为-18℃,最低气温平均下降10~13℃,格尔木站下降幅度最大,达到16℃。东部的24 h最大正变压18 hPa,24 h时负变温最大-11℃,最低气温平均下降6~8℃,河南站下降幅度最大,达到16℃。同时东部和西部的地面风速在13日、14日白天都增大,并以偏西风为主。(3)此次过程中的温度变化主要由温度平流项和对流变化项决定,且这2项对青海西部的降温贡献大于青海东部。冷气团的个别变化项对降温也有一定贡献,对东部和西部的贡献基本相等。非绝热项对西部起增温作用,对东部的温度变化没有作用。(4)由强冷空气引起的寒潮天气过程中,温度平流变化和对流变化对降温起主导作用,过程前期应关注温度平流变化的影响,过程结束时应关注对流变化。个别变化项的影响程度依赖于冷空气强度和冷气团变性程度。非绝热项的影响决定于大气中发生相态变化的水汽含量,对温度变化有约束效应。     

不同甘蔗品种对低温胁迫的生理响应及耐寒性综合评价

本研究以甘蔗的3个杂交品种（ROC22、Co281、KQ01-1390）和3个原种（28NG16、57NG155、96NG16）为供试材料,研究低温胁迫对成熟期蔗株的形态、叶片的质膜相对透性、蔗茎的渗透调节物质含量及抗氧化酶活性等指标的影响,并对6个品种甘蔗耐寒性进行评价。结果表明：经-3 ℃夜间低温处理3 d后,甘蔗植株均出现叶片干枯、卷曲,生长点损伤或坏死变黑,蔗茎侧芽发黑、变软等症状,纵剖蔗茎可明显看到茎内组织呈水煮状,蔗叶相对电导率上升,蔗茎丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸（Pro）含量和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均上升,蔗茎超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性下降。通过隶属函数法综合评价,6个甘蔗品种耐寒能力依次为：KQ01-1390>Co281>ROC22> 28NG16>57NG155>96NG16,可见供试材料中的甘蔗原种对低温胁迫反应敏感,耐寒性比杂交品种弱。     

徽县烤烟新品种适应性研究

为筛选出适宜徽县烟区生态条件的烤烟新品种,在徽县烟区以秦烟96为对照,对2个烤烟品种云烟99、云烟100的生物学性状、抗病性、经济性状、外观质量进行了观察分析。试验结果表明,云烟99经济性状表现最好,产值(51829.93元/hm^2)和均价(22.83元/kg)最高;株型为腰鼓型,主脉稍粗,大田生长势强、整齐一致,分层落黄好,性状稳定,易烘烤,原烟外观质量好;较对照的发病率和病情指数低,抗病性较强。初步确定云烟99适宜在徽县烟区推广种植。     

不同类型水稻品种产量和氮素吸收利用对大气CO2浓度升高响应的差异

目的 探明不同类型水稻品种产量和氮素吸收利用对FACE(大气CO₂浓度增高)响应的差异。方法 以常规粳稻、杂交籼稻、常规籼稻共6个品种为供试材料,研究FACE对不同类型水稻产量、氮素吸收利用的影响。结果 1）FACE处理极显著提高了水稻产量,平均增加24.17%, 常规籼稻增幅最大,FACE和对照均以杂交籼稻最高;2）FACE处理显著增加了单位面积穗数,常规粳稻增幅最大,并显著增加了杂交籼稻和常规籼稻每穗粒数;3）FACE处理显著提高了成熟期吸氮量和氮素籽粒生产效率,成熟期吸氮量平均增加21.23%,杂交籼稻增幅最大, FACE和对照均以常规籼稻最高;氮素籽粒生产效率平均增加7.33%,杂交籼稻增幅最大,FACE和对照均以杂交籼稻最高。成熟期吸氮量对产量促进作用略大于成熟期氮素籽粒生产效率;4）FACE处理降低了植株含氮率,成熟期平均下降0.105个百分点,常规粳稻降幅最大。FACE处理极显著提高植株干物质量,成熟期平均增加23.95%,常规籼稻增幅最大;FACE处理显著提高常规籼稻和杂交籼稻成熟期单穗吸氮量,分别增加10.79%、13.93%,但常规粳稻下降了9.60%;FACE处理显著提高了成熟期群体吸氮强度,平均增加22.29%,杂交籼稻增幅最大。FACE处理对水稻全生育期天数无显著影响;FACE处理显著提高茎鞘、叶片、穗各器官吸氮量,叶片增幅最大,平均增加51.86%,杂交籼稻增幅最大;FACE处理显著提高了不同生育阶段吸氮量,抽穗-成熟阶段增幅最大,平均增加108.90%,杂交籼稻增幅最大;5）植株干物质量、单穗吸氮量、吸氮强度、穗吸氮量、抽穗-成熟阶段吸氮量对成熟期总吸氮量的促进作用分别大于植株含氮率、单位面积穗数、生育天数、茎鞘叶吸氮量、移栽-分蘖和分蘖-抽穗阶段吸氮量;6）FACE处理显著提高了氮肥偏生产力,降低了每百千克籽粒需氮量,前者平均增加24.16%,常规籼稻增加最多;后者平均降低4.7%,常规籼稻降幅最大。结论 FACE处理可显著提高水稻产量和氮素吸收利用效率,但品种间差异较大。     

Adoption and Impact of Modern Rice Varieties on Poverty in Eastern India

The factors affecting the adoption of modern varieties(MVs) of rice and impact on poverty in Odisha, India were discussed. A total of 363 households from Cuttack and Sambalpur districts of Odisha via multistage sampling technique participated in the survey. The Cragg's Double hurdle model was used to model the determinants of adoption and intensity of adoption of MVs of rice, and the propensity score matching was used to analyze the impact of adoption on poverty. The results showed that age, education, risk aversion, land size, yield, perception of MVs as high yielding, resistant to diseases and availability of MVs positively influenced the decision to adopt. However, variables such as household size, experience of a farmer, off-farm job participation, amount of credit received, cost of seeds, insecticides and fertilizers negatively influenced the adoption of MVs. Intensity of adoption of MVs was negatively influenced by experience of a farmer, cost of fertilizer and marketability of MVs, and positively affected by household size, risk aversion, land size, cost of insecticides, perception of MVs as high yielding and availability of MV seeds. Poverty incidence, gap and severity were high among non-adopters to adopters of MVs. After matching adopters and non-adopters of MV groups using four different algorithms of nearest neighbour matching, stratification matching, radius matching and kernel matching, the impact of MV adoption resulted in higher per capita monthly household expenditure by about US$ 52.82 to US$ 63.17.