刈割强度对伊犁绢蒿叶功能性状及构件的影响

以新疆荒漠草地典型植物种伊犁绢蒿(Seriphidiumt ransiliense)为研究对象,通过生长季内多次采样方法(每30d采样一次),比较不同刈割强度比叶面积、叶干物质含量的变化及相互关系,以及对茎叶比和地下生物量变化的影响,以揭示伊犁绢蒿叶片对刈割胁迫的最佳响应机制,为建立模型估算单位面积生物生产力提供理论依据,并试图得出一个既可合理利用又利于种群更新的刈割强度阈值。结果表明,比叶面积和叶干物质含量在刈割后初期各刈割强度间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),个别达极显著差异(P<0.01),恢复一段时间后,各刈割强度间差异不显著;适度的刈割强度可增大伊犁绢蒿SLA与LDMC之间的相关性;除对照(CK)外,C2处理处于较高水平,说明适度刈割有助于伊犁绢蒿生殖枝的产生及生长,C2这种刈割强度在实际生产利用上占绝对优势;伊犁绢蒿根系干重随着刈割强度增大而增加。     

修剪频率对混播草坪土壤呼吸特征的影响

以草地早熟禾(Poa pretensis)和高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)混播草坪为研究对象,采用开路式土壤碳通量测量系统Li-8100对不同修剪频率下草坪的土壤呼吸昼夜变化特征进行研究,旨在探讨修剪对城市草坪土壤呼吸特征的影响。结果表明:草坪在1周修剪1次、2周修剪1次和常规修剪(对照)这3种情况下,其土壤呼吸速率昼夜变化均呈单峰曲线模式,且3种情况下草坪土壤呼吸速率日最高值均出现在12:00-14:00,而日最低值出现的时间不一;从草坪土壤日呼吸总量来看,6月与7月草坪在1周修剪1次处理、2周修剪1次处理和对照之间差异均不显著,8月草坪在1周修剪1次处理下与对照之间差异不显著,而两者与草坪2周修剪1次的处理之间差异显著(P<0.05);从整体来看,3种情况下草坪的土壤呼吸速率均与5 cm土层地温成显著正相关(P<0.05),与其他温度指标的相关性因不同月份和不同处理而不同,而草坪土壤呼吸的Q₁₀值的大小基本上都随着土层深度增加而增加。     

利用方式对大针茅种群和群落数量特征的影响

研究大针茅草原在中牧区和割草区种群和群落数量特征.结果表明:与割草区相比,中牧区大针茅生殖枝和营养枝株高和叶长显著减小,生殖枝生物量的分形维数显著增大,营养枝叶片内C/N比显著增加,这是放牧干扰后生长变化的度量指标;割草区株高呈正态分布而中牧区则为峰值左偏的对数正态分布;中牧区大针茅在群落中的重要性显著增大,而割草区物种多样性则显著高于中牧区.     

松嫩草原羊草与其主要伴生种竞争与共存研究

基于对松嫩草原优势物种羊草(Leymus chi-nensis)及其主要伴生种的空间分布格局、植物种间关系对割草的响应,以及羊草、芦苇(Phragmites communis)对营养和胁迫的适应性与种间关系的研究,探讨了植物竞争和共存的潜在机制。     

肥料与修剪高度对深圳高尔夫球场果岭草坪的影响

分别对深圳高尔夫球场两个练习果岭分别施播两种粒径和化合技术均不同的缓释肥后,对其草坪草生长速度、绿叶率变化、灼烧斑点的测定和比较,结果表明IBDU缓释肥粒径大,显效速度快,但肥效期短,可适用于北方或气候冷凉地区的高尔夫球场;UF缓释肥粒径小,显效速度稍慢,但肥效期长,缓释性高,适宜深圳及周边地区高尔夫球场果岭施用。而对6个果岭分别在留茬高度4.2mm,4.5mm,5mm下测速发现,在平常比赛中推荐使用留茬高度4.5mm的果岭,锦标赛中建议果岭留茬高度保留至4.2mm。     

刈割、耕翻与淹水集成技术控制互花米草的研究

在上海浦东东滩采用刈割、耕翻与淹水集成技术清除外来物种互花米草,以加快沿海滩涂开发垦复,增加耕地面积.研究表明:对互花米草刈割1次、耕翻4次(淹水前和淹水期间各2次),淹水1个月后互花米草的地下部分死亡并开始腐烂,互花米草得到有效控制.该技术从1月开始实施,于当年5月底结束,能够满足水稻种植的季节要求,是一种适于推广的...     

刈割高度对多花黑麦草新品种产量和品质的影响

为探讨不同刈割高度对多花黑麦草新品种饲草产量和品质的影响,以2个多花黑麦草新品种为对象,采用5个刈割高度分别测定2个品种的鲜、干草产量、粗蛋白、可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和干物质体外可消化率(IVDMD)。结果表明:在65 cm时刈割,所获得的鲜、干草产量最高;随着刈割高度的增加,2个黑麦草品种的粗蛋白和可溶性碳水化合物含量呈抛物线趋势变化,在刈割高度为55 cm时达到最高值;中性和酸性洗涤纤维含量则随着刈割高度的增大逐渐增加;干物质体外消化率亦呈现抛物线的趋势,在刈割高度为65 cm时达到最高。2个品种的表现规律一致。     

刈割强度对不同根型苜蓿营养器官化学计量特征的影响

刈割对苜蓿的生长、形态、生理特征及植被更新有显著影响。以根茎型、直根型、根蘖型苜蓿为研究对象,分别设置距离上次刈割恢复生长为20、27、34、41d的4个刈割强度,研究了刈割强度对各根型苜蓿叶、茎、根器官氮、磷、钾化学计量特征的影响。结果表明:不同刈割强度下各根型苜蓿叶、茎、根器官氮、磷、钾含量及氮磷比存在显著差异。其中根部氮含量、氮磷比最高,叶片磷含量最高,茎部钾含量较高;叶、茎、根氮、磷、钾含量均9月份大于6月份。不同刈割强度、生长阶段和不同器官对各根型苜蓿氮、磷、钾含量及其氮磷比影响的交叉分析显示,各根型苜蓿氮、磷、钾含量受不同器官和生长阶段的影响,氮磷比主要受不同器官的影响。     

The bryophyte layer in a calcareous grassland after a decade of contrasting mowing regimes

Analysis of variance and redundancy analysis were used to study the effects of mowing regime and herb canopy structure on the bryophyte layer of a calcareous grassland in southern Belgium. Species richness in mown and control plots did not significantly differ. In control plots, a number of grassland species were able to survive within a grassy-shrubby fringe 15 years after shrub cutting. This suggests that there might be a time-lag of at least 20 years before cessation of mowing results in a significant decrease in species number per m². Mown plots were mostly characterized by the almost complete cover of large pleurocarps. Mowing resulted in almost continuous herb and moss layers that were unfavourable for a number of annual bryophytes, many of which are of high conservation interest. It is suggested that grazing, which increases the number of species, especially the number of pioneers, is likely to be more beneficial to bryophytes.     

Old cultural traditions, in addition to land use and topography, are shaping plant diversity of grasslands in the Alps

Socio-economically motivated land use changes are a major threat for species diversity of grasslands throughout the world. Here, we comprehensively explore how plant species diversity of grasslands in the species-rich cultural landscape of the Swiss Alps depends on recent land use changes, and, neglected in previous studies, on old cultural traditions. We studied diversity in 216 grassland parcels at three altitudinal levels in 12 villages of three cultural traditions (Romanic, Germanic, and Walser). In valleys of Romanic villages more different parcel types tended to occur than in those of Germanic and Walser villages, suggesting that socio-economic differences among cultural traditions still play a role in shaping landscape diversity. Moreover, at the village level, higher man-made landscape diversity was associated with higher plant species richness. All observed changes in land use reduced the farmers’ workload. Plant species richness was lower in fertilized than in unfertilized parcels and in abandoned compared with used parcels. Grazing slightly reduced species richness compared with mowing among unfertilized parcels, while in fertilized parcels it had a positive influence. The highest species diversity was found in mown unfertilized subalpine grasslands. Nevertheless, moderate grazing of former meadows can be a valuable alternative to abandonment. We conclude that the ongoing changes in land use reduce plant species richness within parcels and at the landscape level. To preserve plant species diversity at the landscape level a high diversity of land use types has to be maintained.