干旱胁迫对地被菊膜脂过氧化和抗氧化酶活性的影响

为研究地被菊的抗旱能力,用盆栽控制浇水模拟干旱的方法,研究不同程度干旱胁迫下地被菊膜脂过氧化和抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明:在轻度干旱胁迫下地被菊质膜透性和丙二醛含量变化不显著,随着干旱胁迫程度的加深,地被菊叶片质膜透性、丙二醛含量升高,抗氧化酶SOD、CAT活性在轻度和中度干旱胁迫下显著升高,在重度干旱条件下下降。POD活性呈现一直上升的趋势,表明地被菊有较高的抗干旱能力。     

小菊新品种‘枫林黄星’和‘枫林红晕’

小菊新品种‘枫林黄星’是以‘Branice Sunny’为母本,‘183’株系为父本经人工杂交选育而成,舌状花亮黄色,头状花序直径3.7 cm,冠幅63.8 cm,单株着花1 007朵。‘枫林红晕’是以‘388’株系为母本,从德国引进的多个品种为父本混合授粉选育而成,舌状花中上部粉色,下部白色,头状花序直径3.6 cm,冠幅60.2 cm,单株着花847朵。两个新品种冠幅大,株形紧凑丰满,呈半圆形,群体效果良好,适于北京地区秋季绿化。     

基于表型和SRAP 标记的切花菊品种遗传多样性分析

 利用45 个表型性状和SRAP 标记分析56 个切花菊品种的遗传多样性。表型变异分析结果 表明：21 个性状表现出品种内一致性高及品种间特异性强;主成分分析发现,主成分贡献值较大的性状 有花序直径、花序类型和瓣型等花部性状,其次是叶部和茎杆性状,说明所选用的切花菊品种在分类时 应以花部性状为主,叶部和茎杆性状为辅;表型性状基于遗传距离UPGMA 聚类,将56 个切花菊品种分 为平瓣类、匙瓣类、桂瓣类、匙瓣-平瓣类和管瓣类,聚类结果大致按照花径-瓣型-花型分类。14 对 SRAP 引物组合扩增56 个切花菊品种的DNA,共扩增出454 条带,其中多态性带423 条,占扩增带数的 93.17%,多态性含量PIC 值在0.72 ~ 0.89 之间,平均为0.82,说明切花菊品种在分子水平上具有丰富的 遗传多样性。基于SRAP 标记的UPGMA 聚类分析显示：品种间遗传相似系数在0.64 ~ 0.97 之间,将56 个切花菊品种分为平瓣类-匙瓣、桂瓣类和管瓣类,聚类结果大致按照花径-瓣型-花型分类。Mantel 检验相关性系数为0.682,两种聚类结果有相似之处,均能很好体现试验切花菊品种间的遗传关系。     

鲜切菊花品种‘Cedis’多头小菊和‘Country’多头菊养分需求特性研究

以设施栽培鲜切菊花主栽品种荷兰多头小菊‘Cedis’和多头菊‘Country’为研究对象,比较其鲜切菊花产量、观赏性状和对氮磷钾养分吸收、累积特性,以期为设施鲜切菊花优质生产和科学施肥提供依据。结果表明:两品种的产量无显著差异,多头小菊‘Cedis’的采收率和高等级鲜切花比例显著高于多头菊‘Country’,而鲜样质量和株高则以多头菊‘Country’较高。多头小菊‘Cedis’的氮和钾需求量显著高于多头菊‘Country’,分别高10.80%和35.03%,而磷需求量两者无显著差异。多头小菊‘Cedis’的养分吸收量为KNP,而多头菊‘Country’为NKP。移栽30~45 d时(茎生长期—花芽分化期),鲜切荷兰菊氮、磷、钾阶段累积量最大。     

切花菊周年生产栽培技术

根据多年的切花菊栽培技术开发研究,总结出一套实用的栽培技术.包括品种选择、茬口安排、种苗培育、栽培管理、病虫害防治、采收包装等方面,对实现切花菊周年生产有重要的意义.     

Chimerical structure and carotenoid inheritance in Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.)

Summary Progeny analysis showed that yellow-flowered chrysanthemum sports with carotenoid only in L1 are indistinguishable from their white progenitors in breeding behaviour; those with carotenoid in L2 breed quite differently. Chimerical structure has, therefore, to be considered when analysing flower colour inheritance data. Segregations were consistent with the action of the single dominant gene I. Such simply inherited characters may be useful in studies to distinguish between the several alternative patterns of inheritance which can be suggested in the species.     

菊花花芽分化期超微弱发光及生理代谢的变化

 研究了菊花花芽分化期超微弱发光（UWL）,呼吸速率和ATP、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量的变化。结果表明,菊花花芽分化起动期（II）与未分化期（I）相比,UWL强度增加119.3%,呼吸速率提高102.4%,ATP含量增加148.6%,可溶性糖增加95.5%,可溶性蛋白增加18.3%;在总苞鳞片分化期（III）、小花原基分化期（IV）和花冠形成期（V）,UWL强度、呼吸速率和ATP含量逐渐下降,可溶性糖在IV和V期下降幅度很大并接近对照水平,可溶性蛋白在II、III和IV期保持较高水平,在V期下降幅度较大,但仍比对照增加14.0%;而长日照处理的对照菊花UWL强度、呼吸速率以及ATP、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量基本保持较稳定水平。显示菊花花芽分化期叶片UWL水平与呼吸速率和能量代谢密切相关。     

Nature and importance of weeds in sorghum in the Yemen Arab Republic

Abstract

Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is the dominant crop in North Yemen agriculture, covering about 70–80% of the arable land. Weed control is still carried out mainly by hand. Many of the weeds are used as fodder for animals. A total of 137 weeds was collected in sorghum. Most frequent were Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. and Cyperus mtundus (L): their importance decreased, however, under a well‐established sorghum crop providing good shade cover and under conditions of increased crop fertilization with mineral nitrogen. Under these conditions, for example, Commelina spp. and Flaveria trinerva (Spreng.) Mohr became commoner. Thus increased use of nitrogen altered the nature and hierarchy of the weed flora. Relationships between the indicator figures of the weeds and the habitat, as defined by Ellenberg, were confirmed. Traditional methods of weed control have so far worked well, as witness an average cover of 60% sorghum and 20% weeds. In future, however, rising costs and labour shortages will increase the demand for less time‐consuming weed control strategies.     

菊花白锈病菌冬孢子萌发的生物学特性

菊花(Dendranthema × grandiflorum(Ramat) Kitam.)是中国传统名花,其花色丰富,花型各异,深受人们的喜爱.同时菊花也是世界四大切花之一,在国际花卉贸易中占有重要的经济地位.