逆流运动对多鳞四须鲃幼鱼活动代谢及体内盐酸诺氟沙星残留的影响

以多鳞四须鲃(Barbodes schwanenfeldi)幼鱼(体质量90.3 g±10.1 g)为研究对象,设置0 BL/s和2.0 BL/s两种流速条件,使用自制的活动代谢和游泳行为同步测定装置测定不同时段幼鱼的摆尾频率和耗氧率。在此基础上,按鱼体质量以每天50 mg/kg口服盐酸诺氟沙星的剂量连续7 d投喂药饵,研究了两种流速对停药后多鳞四须鲃肌肉组织盐酸诺氟沙星残留的影响。结果表明,实验期间无论哪个时段,2.0 BL/s流速下多鳞四须鲃摆尾频率和耗氧率均显著大于静水组(P0.05);同一流速下多鳞四须鲃摆尾频率和耗氧率随养殖时间的延长有逐渐降低趋势。与静水对照组相比,停药后各时间点(1 d、2 d、4 d)2.0 BL/s流速组鱼肌肉盐酸诺氟沙星含量均显著减少(P0.05),在停药第6 d已低于检出限,而静水对照组则在停药12 d才低于检出限。研究结果说明适当的水流刺激可以诱导鱼类进行逆流运动,促进鱼体代谢和加速药物残留的排除。     

紫外分光光度法检测肉制品中盐酸克伦特罗残留量

目的建立一种快速检测肉制品中盐酸克伦特罗残留量的方法。方法 -环糊精与盐酸克伦特罗结合后用紫外分光光度法测定吸光度值并建立标准曲线,检测样品中盐酸克伦特罗含量。结果吸光度值强度与盐酸克伦特罗浓度在358 nm波长处呈线性关系。当包合体系p H 7.0、温度30℃、静置30 min时,检出限为0.015 mg/L,线性范围为0.05~0.15 mg/L,线性相关系数r=0.9995,精密度为2.20%~6.04%,回收率为95.0%~106.0%。结论紫外分光光度法是检测肉制品中盐酸克伦特罗残留量的简单、快速、可靠方法。     

短序与阔叶十大功劳化学组分及小檗碱含量的FTIR比较研究

为快速评价短序与阔叶十大功劳不同部位化学成分差异,本研究运用FTIR采集短序和阔叶十大功劳不同部位的红外光谱并比较短序与阔叶十大功劳不同部位盐酸小檗碱含量差异。研究结果显示,生物碱、黄酮和丁香酯等化学成分,短序十大功劳根、茎及叶片中均较阔叶十大功劳丰富,但是,多糖和苷类含量在两种十大功劳根中相当,在茎和叶片中均以阔叶十大功劳含量高,尤其是叶片中这种差异更明显。最后,与盐酸小檗碱标准品比较发现,2种十大功劳中盐酸小檗碱含量均以茎中最高,叶片中含量最低;2种十大功劳比较各部位盐酸小檗碱含量均以短序十大功劳中高。故运用FTIR技术可以快速找出2种十大功劳化学成分的差异,本研究结果将为十大功劳属植物资源合理开发利用及良种选育提供参考。     

氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐的制备及其某些性质

采用浓盐酸水解法从甲壳素制备氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐 ,经离子交换柱层析纯化后 ,以吡啶∶乙酸乙酯∶水∶冰醋酸 (5∶5∶3∶1 ,V/V)为展层剂进行纸层析鉴定 ,其Rf 值为 0 .44。氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐重新溶于水后比旋光度随时间而变化 ,从 1 0 0°降至 72°左右 ,2小时后处于稳定 ,[α]2 0D 为 71 .9°。经化学测定 ,氯离子含量为1 6 .74%。红外光谱显示 ,在 330 7.8cm-1、30 98.9cm-1、1 6 1 5 .0cm-1、1 5 34 .1cm-1、1 4 1 7.9cm-1、1 0 93.8cm-1、1 0 33.6cm-1、91 2 .0cm-1和 5 79.1cm-1处有特征吸收峰。     

克伦特罗小分子半抗原偶联比率的测定方法研究

利用重氮化两步法将盐酸克伦特罗(CL)分别偶联到牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)上制得了免疫抗原BSA-CL和包被抗原OVA-CL。建立了用紫外分光光度法测定偶联比率的方法,测得它们的偶联比率分别为39∶1和24∶1。     

盐酸克伦特罗对小鼠大脑皮层ATP、SDH、ADA和LDH活性的影响

通过对大脑皮层ATP酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性的测定,研究盐酸克伦特罗(CLH)对小鼠大脑损伤的影响.选健康小鼠160只,随机分为4组,分别灌胃12.5、25.0、50.0mg/kg的CLH,连续用药30d,对照组灌胃等量生理盐水,在灌胃处理5、10、20、30d时用比色法检测小鼠大脑皮层ATP酶、SDH、ADA和LDH活性的变化.结果表明:与对照组相比,灌胃CLH小鼠大脑皮层ATP酶和LDH活性降低,SDH和ADA活性升高.CLH对小鼠大脑酶活性的影响具有时间-剂量效应.双因素方差分析表明,剂量因素对结果的影响大于时间因素.说明CLH可影响小鼠大脑相关酶活性,对小鼠大脑的损害可能与大脑内ATP酶和LDH活性降低、SDH和ADA活性升高有一定的相关性.     

盐酸丁卡因对B-Z振荡体系的扰动及其含量测定

利用盐酸丁卡因对B—Z化学振荡反应体系振幅的影响建立了盐酸丁卡因的新的测定方法。结果表明,盐酸丁卡因能明显地改变振荡体系的振幅,且浓度与振荡体系振幅的改变值ΔE呈现了良好的线性关系,线性范围为4.98×10-7～4.57×10-4mol,/L,相关系数为0.9979。     

Fasudil hydrochloride prevents cisplatin-induced renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis via Akt activation and PTEN inhibition

AIM: To explore the protective effect of fasudil hydrochloride against cisplatin(CP)-induced renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis via Akt activation and PTEN inhibition. METHODS: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, CP group and CP+ fasudil group. All animals were sacrificed 96 h after injection of 0.9% saline or CP. Blood samples and kidney tissues were collected to evaluate levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (sCr) and morphological alteration of the kidneys, respectively. The apoptosis of renal tubular epithelium cells was detected by TUNEL. Protein levels of Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), PTEN and Akt were measured by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The protein level of p-Akt was analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the sCr and BUN levels, the expression of ROCK1 and PTEN and TUNEL-positive cells were increased, while the level of p-Akt was decreased in CP group and CP+fasudil group. The histological structure of the kidneys observed by PAS staining was developed marked structural damage in CP group(P<0.05). Compared with CP group, sCr level, the expression of ROCK1 and PTEN and TUNEL-positive cells were decreased, while the level of p-Akt was increased in CP+fasudil group (P<0.05). Very little structural damage was detected in fasudil-treated groups. CONCLUSION: Fasudil hydrochloride has a protective effect on CP-induced renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis via Akt activation and PTEN inhibition 1.     

Effects of oral glucosamine hydrochloride administration on plasma free amino acid concentrations in dogs

We examined the effects of oral glucosamine hydrochloride (GlcN), N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and d-glucose (Glc) administration on plasma total free amino acid (PFAA) concentrations in dogs. The PFAA concentrations increased in the control group and the GlcNAc group at one hour after feeding, and each amino acid concentration increased. On the other hand, in the GlcN group and the Glc group PFAA concentrations decreased at one hour after feeding. A significant decrease in amino acid concentration was observed for glutamate, glycine and alanine. Our results suggest the existence of differences in PFAA dynamics after oral administration of GlcN and GlcNAc in dogs.     

Biology of Larks (Aves: Alaudidae) in the Central Namib Desert

1. The biology of six species of larks in the Namib Desert near Walvis Bay, South West Africa, was studied in 1964, 1965 and 1966.

2. All species reproduced following rainfall in summer and autumn months, with the appearance of green grass and abundant insects on which the birds fed.

3. The primarily insectivorous species, Certhilauda albofasciata, shows no seasonality in moulting and testicular development, and reproduces whenever local rainfall results in favourable feeding and nesting circumstances, while the primarily granivorous Spizoeorys starki and Eremopterix verticalis have markedly seasonal testicular and moulting cycles timed so that reproduction occurs only during the late summer and autumn months. Ammomanes grayi is intermediate in food habits and in timing of moulting and reproduction, and C. albescens and Mirafra naevia may also be intermediate in this respect.

4. S. starki and E. verticalis are the only larks that normally drink, but flocks of both species were observed that were independent of drinking water.

5. Larks avoid heat stress during daytime by keeping to the shade of stones, tufts of vegetation and mouths of rodent burrows; and nests are nearly always placed on the shady side of a stone' or tuft of grass.

6. It is suggested that larks may be successful desert occupants because they have not become highly specialized and therefore can tolerate rapidly and severely changing environ-mental conditions associated with drought and irregular rainfall.