不同地膜和不同覆盖方式对人工种植羊肚菌的效应

在不同气候条件下,使用白色和黑色聚乙烯农用地膜,采取不覆盖、直接覆盖不同地膜和使用地膜在棚内搭建小拱棚等5种方式,观测比较羊肚菌菌丝生长情况、原基形成数量、子实体生长情况及产量、商品菇比率等。结果:覆盖地膜和使用地膜在棚内搭建小拱棚的方式能有效提高羊肚菌产量,其中在低海拔的陇南种植地以覆盖黑色地膜和使用白色地膜搭建小拱棚两种方式的种植效果较好,而在高海拔的舟曲种植地则是以白色地膜搭建小拱棚方式效果为佳。     

Occurrence and diversity of fungal pathogens associated with water hyacinth and their potential as biocontrol agents in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia

Water hyacinth poses serious socio-economic and environmental problems in Ethiopia. To integrate fungal pathogens into water hyacinth management, a survey was conducted in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Based on morphological characterization and DNA sequencing, 25 fungal species were identified that belong to nine genera. Alternaria tenuissima, A. alternata, Aspergillus niger, Phoma sp., Curvularia trifolii, Mucor fragilis, M. racemosus, A. fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum, and F. equiseti were the most common fungi detected. However, their occurrence was influenced by water wave action, temperature, season, and altitude. Among the fungal pathogens, A. alternata, A. tenuissima, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, and Neofisicoccum parvum were highly pathogenic to water hyacinth. Alternaria alternata and A. tenuissima did not cause disease symptoms on ecologically important plant species (e.g. Noug, Tef, and Coffee). Application of the fungal pathogens on water hyacinth plants also showed 11%–67%, 22%–72%, 15%–55%, and 12%–50% reduction in fresh weight, dry weight, plant height, and root length of water hyacinth, respectively. This study suggests that fungal species have the potential to control water hyacinth biologically and provides baseline data for biological control efforts in the future.     

Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers reveal low genetic variation and a single dominant genotype in Eichhornia crassipes populations throughout China

Genetic variation within and between 34 populations of Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) in China was surveyed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 1009 individuals were analysed, for which 12 RAPD primers amplified 69 reproducible bands, with 22 (32%) being polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci (p) within a population ranged from 4.4% to 17.4%, and the mean Nei's gene diversity (H_e) was 0.046 ± 0.0145, indicating a low genetic diversity of E. crassipes in China. Each population contained at least four RAPD phenotypes (genotypes), and the same particular genotype was invariably dominant in all the populations sampled. The mean proportion of distinguishable genotypes was 0.29. Analysis of molecular variance revealed a large proportion of genetic variation (83.9%) residing within populations and a slightly larger proportion (88.1%) within localities, indicating a low genetic differentiation of E. crassipes populations, both locally and regionally. Human-mediated dispersal, vigorous clonal growth, and a generally low level of sexual reproduction were thought to be responsible for such a pattern of genetic structure.     

普通羊肚菌密码子偏好性分析

采用CodonW1.4.2软件和CUSP程序,以普通羊肚菌(Morchella conica)全基因组蛋白质编码序列(coding sequence,CDS)为对象,解析了该菌的有效密码子数(effective number of codon,ENC)、密码子3个位点的 GC含量、相对同义密码子使用度(relative synonymous codon usage,RSCU)和高表达优越密码子。结果表明：普通羊肚菌全基因组密码子第2位密码子的 GC含量明显低于第1位和第3位,第3位密码子与第1位含量差异不大,分别为57.8%和56.8%,RSCU 值大于等于1的密码子总共35个,其中以 G 或 C 结尾的25个,占71.4%,确定了25个高表达优越密码子。     

新疆野生羊肚菌研究存在的问题及解决途径

通过对新疆野生羊肚菌资源的分布环境、营养成分及利用现状进行详细分析,指出了新疆野生羊肚菌研究现状和存在的问题,提出了解决问题的途径和办法,以便新疆野生羊肚菌资源可持续开发利用。     

甘南州尖顶羊肚菌菌丝体液体发酵培养研究

对甘南藏族自治州尖顶羊肚菌进行液体发酵培养,以干菌丝体得率为指标,设计正交试验优化其液体发酵培养基和培养条件。实验结果表明最佳培养基组合为白砂糖30g·L^-1、豆粕粉15g·L^-1、KH2PO4 0．75g·L^-1、MgSO4·7H2O0．5g·L^-1、维生素Bt0．03g·L^-1。最优液体发酵条件为温度25℃,培养液初始pH7,接种量10mL,转速120r·min^-1,培养时间8d。     

不同营养条件对羊肚菌菌核形成的影响

菌核形成与羊肚菌(Morchella esculenta)子实体的形成有密切的关系.以PDA培养基为基础培养基,通过添加其他物质培养羊肚菌菌丝,观察菌核生长情况,从而初步判断其形成菌核的培养基限定条件.结果表明,碳源营养添加物为淀粉和乳糖,浓度为10 g·L-1;氮源添加物为NH4HCO3、KNO3和甘氨酸,浓度为25...     

青海省羊肚菌发生地的生态环境调查

调查了青海省7个不同地区羊肚菌的生态环境,测定了土壤中的含水量、pH值、有机质、总氮和总磷含量。调查发现,羊肚菌的发生与降雨量呈正比;pH值为中性或略偏碱性的基质条件更适合羊肚菌生长;土壤总氮与有机质含量呈正相关,有机质丰富的土壤总氮含量也较高。     

羊肚菌属真菌菌丝及菌核多态性研究进展

羊肚菌菌丝和菌核的形成及形态变化多样,了解掌握在不同营养栽培条件下的多态性规律是羊肚菌研究中的难题,对菌丝、菌核微观和宏观形态变化进行综述,并对菌丝、菌核优劣培养条件进行比较分析,为攻克菌核、菌丝多态性在羊肚菌研究中产生的难题及实现羊肚菌人工商业化生产,提供数据及借鉴。     

凤眼莲净化水体的研究进展

凤眼莲在不同的时期受到不同的对待,其命运与我国的经济发展和社会需求密切相关.实践证明,凤眼莲对营养盐、重金属等水体污染物质具有很好的去除能力,曾被广泛应用于水污染的治理和水环境的修复.但是,由于监控和管理工作不到位,凤眼莲的应用也产生了一些负面影响,从而造成了人们对凤眼莲的使用产生了一些误解和怀疑.从凤眼莲净化水体的角...