几种苹果矮化砧木的抗寒性研究

以71-3-150、GM256、SH6及M9 4种苹果(Malus)矮化砧木的1年生枝条为试材,进行-20℃、-25℃、-30℃、-35℃、-40℃低温处理,用电导法配合Logistic方程,求得拐点温度(LT50)即半致死温度,并对其电导率、可溶性蛋白含量和POD酶活性等指标进行了测定比较。结果表明:测得的电解质渗出率呈典型的S型曲线,与相应的低温呈极显著负相关;71-3-150、GM256、SH6及M9的半致死温度分别为-40.63℃、-39.29℃、-34.10℃、-30.10℃;抗寒性强的71-3-150和GM256能保持较高的可溶性蛋白含量和POD酶活性。     

海南中西部橡胶主栽品种寒害适应性调查

2008年4月针对橡胶品种、树龄及立地环境等因素,对海南巾西部植胶区的儋州、临高、白沙等地主要橡胶品种的寒害情况进行了调查,结果表明:临高植胶区受寒害影响最严重,儋州、白沙植胶区的寒害相对较轻;橡胶品种热研7-33-97表现出较好的寒害适应性(寒害级别和指数分别为1.07级和17.91),RRIM600和热研8-79的寒害适应性次之,而PR107的寒害适应性最差、受害最严重(寒害级别和寒害指数分别达到2.42级和40.27);此外,开割树比幼龄树较抗寒,但与近开割树的寒害差异不明显.     

Physiological Changes and Cold Tolerance of Three Camphor Species During Natural Winter Temperature Fluctuations

The dynamic changes in the malondialdehyde（MDA）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）, soluble sugar, proline, and soluble protein contents, as well as the relative electrolyte conductivity and the corresponding cold resistance, of Cinnamomum bodinieri Level., C. camphora L., and C. caudiferum Kisterm were investigated during the winter months of October 2009 to April 2010. During the short period of temperature decline that lasted until mid-December, the changes in the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content with temperature were insignificant. In January, SOD activity continued to increase and then peaked as a result of rapid increases in soluble sugar, proline, soluble protein, as well as the inhibition of the relative electrolyte conductivity and decrease in MDA content. These physiological changes protected the camphor trees from cold damage during winter. From February to March, SOD activity and the soluble protein and proline contents increased with the increase in temperature. However, the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content decreased, indicating that the cell membrane damaged by low temperature was gradually being repaired. The cold dip in April led to slight increases in the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content. Using a fuzzy mathematics method, the cold resistance adaptability of the camphor trees was divided into three periods namely, the enhancement setting stage, the vigorous stage, and the reducing stage. The cold tolerance abilities were ranked as the following order： C. bodinieri Level〉C. camphora L.〉C. caudiferum Kisterm.     

可凝气体组分对涡流管能量分离效率的影响分析

建立了涡流管能量分离效率测试的实验系统,以水蒸汽为可凝组分的代表,通过对比含湿空气和干空气2种介质下的实验结果,研究了可凝组分的存在对涡流管能量分离效率的影响。得出可凝组分会显著降低涡流管的能量分离效率,但不会影响其能量分离规律;分析了涡流管关键结构参数和操作参数对能量分离效率的影响,得出了长径比、压比ε和冷流率θ对涡流管温度效率ηT、绝热效率η和制冷效率COP的影响规律。     

提高北方寒地冬小麦越冬率机制初探

在黑龙江省北纬Ｎ４６～４８°区域试种冬小麦，五年试验表明，以高越冬率为指标，分蘖节处于可溶性糖等光合产物峰值区的分蘖盛期，为抗寒的最佳状态，分蘖盛期分蘖节可溶性糖含量的高低，亦可为品种抗寒性选择的评价尺度。由于根前区对低温比分蘖节更为敏感，使冬小麦根前区位于温度和对稳定的３０ｃｍ地层以下，应是采取适当栽培的调控措施的目的。     

邓恩桉在福建南平不同海拔区的生长调查

对延平区三乡镇邓恩桉遭遇两次历史低温后生长情况进行调查分析,结果表明不同海拔高度对邓恩桉生长影响显著。邓恩桉新造林对持续的低温很敏感,成林后其耐寒能力大大增强,但海拔较高的地区种植邓恩桉其蓄积量小于当地杉木、马尾松的蓄积量,这与邓恩桉本身的生物学特性有关。邓恩桉在海拔≤260m、土层厚≥80cm的Ⅰ、Ⅱ类缓坡地生长状态好,4a生邓恩桉平均蓄积量达31.8m3·hm-2。     

Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid Improves Cold Tolerance in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Chickpea suffers cold stress (<10 °C) damage especially during reproductive phase resulting in the abortion of flowers and pods, poor pod set, and reduction in seed yield and seed quality. One of the ways in modifying cold tolerance involves exogenous treatment of the plants with chemicals having established role in cold tolerance. In the present study, the chickpea plants growing under optimum temperature conditions (28/12 °C, as average maximum and minimum temperature) were subjected to cold conditions of the field (10–12/2–4 °C; day/night as average maximum and minimum temperature) at the bud stage. Prior to exposure, these plants were treated exogenously with 10 μm abscisic acid (ABA) and thereafter again after 1 week of exposure. The stress injury measured in terms of increase in electrolyte leakage, decrease in 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction %, relative leaf water content and chlorophyll content was observed to be significantly mitigated in ABA-applied plants. A greater pollen viability, pollen germination, flower retention and pod set were noticed in ABA-treated plants compared with stressed plants. The seed yield showed considerable improvement in the plants treated with ABA relative to the stressed plants that was attributed to the increase in seed weight, greater number of single seeded pods and reduction in number of infertile pods. The oxidative damage measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was lesser in ABA-treated plants that was associated with greater activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbic acid, glutathione and proline in these plants. It was concluded that cold stress effects were partly overcome by ABA treatment because of the improvement in water status of the leaves as well as the reduction in oxidative damage.     

棉铃虫滞育蛹的抗寒力

通过观察棉虫滞育蛹在低温０℃和５℃下的死亡率，比较其不同发育时期的抗寒力差异，结果表明，滞育蛹在眼点移动抗寒力较强，在眼点开始移动后抗寒力明显下降。     

呼伦贝尔草原黄羊春季采食生境的选择

本文采用数量化分析方法 ,对呼伦贝尔草原黄羊春季采食生境选择进行了研究。研究发现 ,影响呼伦贝尔草原黄羊春季采食生境选择的主要因子是放牧家畜干扰、水源、人为干扰 ,其次是坡度、坡位、坡向、植被类型、食物丰盛度 ,风向也有一定影响。其采食生境选择的倾向性依次为 :放牧家畜干扰距离 >2 0 0 0m ,水源距离≤ 10 0 0m ,坡度 5～ 2 5° ,人为干扰距离 >10 0 0m ,坡位在中坡 ,植被类型是针茅或针茅 羊草群落 ,食物丰盛度中等以上 ,阳坡或半阴半阳坡