用大孔树脂纯化栀子黄色素的研究

为降低栀子黄色素中栀子苷的含量，提高栀子黄色素稳定性，该文就10种大孔树脂纯化栀子黄色素进行了研究。结果表明，A-5大孔树脂选择性吸附藏花素的能力较强，吸附率和解吸率均达85%以上，经其纯化后的栀子黄色素OD值比率(即栀子苷在最大吸收波长238 nm处的吸光值与藏花素在最大吸收波长440 nm处的吸光值的比值)可降至0.4以下，实现了对藏花素与栀子苷的有效分离，适于栀子黄色素的纯化。     

UV-B辐射胁迫对水稻叶绿素荧光动力学的影响

研究结果表明，增强的紫外线－B（UV－B，280－320nm）辐射会导致水稻植株矮化4.71%-16.59%、叶面积变小、干物质生产量减少11.79%-60.57%。究其原因主要是叶片光合作用色素叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量的降低和叶绿素a荧光动力学参数的改变，光合系统Ⅱ受到破坏，光合作用能力下降、生长发育受阻。     

桂花叶片水分含量及光合生理特性的研究

以柳叶桂、山桂和四季桂3个桂花品种为试材,研究了其水分、光合色素的含量以及净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率和叶绿素荧光(Fv/Fm)的日变化。结果表明:山桂和柳叶桂的各种水分和光合色素的含量差异不显著,但与四季桂差异显著,其Pn日变化和蒸腾速率日变化都呈现先上升后下降的单峰曲线;Pn峰值出现在10:00左右,而蒸腾速率的峰值出现在12:00左右,最大光化学效率日变化呈单峰曲线,但呈现先下降后上升趋势。     

Characterization of an Insoluble and Soluble Form of Melanin Produced by Streptomyces cavourensis SV 21, a Sea Cucumber Associated Bacterium

Melanin is a widely distributed and striking dark-colored pigment produced by countless living organisms. Although a wide range of bioactivities have been recognized, there are still major constraints in using melanin for biotechnological applications such as its fragmentary known chemical structure and its insolubility in inorganic and organic solvents. In this study, a bacterial culture of Streptomyces cavourensis SV 21 produced two distinct forms of melanin: (1) a particulate, insoluble form as well as (2) a rarely observed water-soluble form. The here presented novel, acid-free purification protocol of purified particulate melanin (PPM) and purified dissolved melanin (PDM) represents the basis for an in-depth comparison of their physicochemical and biological properties, which were compared to the traditional acid-based precipitation of melanin (AM) and to a synthetic melanin standard (SM). Our data show that the differences in solubility between PDM and PPM in aqueous solutions may be a result of different adjoining cation species, since the soluble PDM polymer is largely composed of Mg²⁺ ions and the insoluble PPM is dominated by Ca²⁺ ions. Furthermore, AM shared most properties with SM, which is likely attributed to a similar, acid-based production protocol. The here presented gentler approach of purifying melanin facilitates a new perspective of an intact form of soluble and insoluble melanin that is less chemical altered and thus closer to its original biological form.     

核桃细菌性疫病菌特性及其与核桃内生菌的竞争作用

为了明确本实验室前期分离得到的一株核桃细菌性疫病菌Xaj DW3F3的相关特性及其与寄主内生菌的竞争能力。对该病原细菌进行了显微观察、生物膜形成测定,不同培养基上多糖和色素含量,以及18项生理生化指标测定。通过毛细管法和滴落法观察其趋化作用,并测试其与寄主内生菌的竞争能力。结果表明,病原菌DW3F3为杆状、极生鞭毛、有运动性并能形成生物膜。其在YPGA、King’B 和NA培养基上生长较好,产生多糖和色素较多。病原菌有较强的耐盐性,致死温度达60℃,对纤维素和淀粉都有较强的分解能力,对NaCl和寄主叶片表现出一定的趋性。在其与核桃叶部内生菌的共培养中表现出一定竞争优势。该病菌菌DW3F3有树生黄单胞菌核桃致病变种（Xanthomonas arboricola pv.juglandis,Xaj）的基本特征及致病相关特性,这些特征可能与其致病性强及病害难以控制有关。     

Isolation and Characterization of a Yellow Xanthophyll Pigment-Producing Marine Bacterium,Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 Strain,in Coastal Seawater

Xanthophylls, a yellow pigment belonging to the carotenoid family, have attracted much attention for industrial applications due to their versatile nature. We report the isolation of a homo xanthophyll pigment-producing marine bacterium, identified as the Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 strain, from coastal seawater. The isolated Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 strain can produce 263 ± 12.9 mg/L (89.7 ± 5.4 mg/g dry cell weight) of yellow xanthophyll pigment from 5 g/L of glucose. Moreover, the xanthophyll pigment produced by the SDW2 strain exhibits remarkable antioxidative activities, confirmed by the DPPH (73.4 ± 1.4%) and ABTS (84.9 ± 0.7%) assays. These results suggest that the yellow xanthophyll pigment-producing Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 strain could be a promising industrial microorganism for producing marine-derived bioactive compounds with potential for foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.     

棉花离体不定根系的发生对色素腺体密度和棉酚含量的影响

为探明根系对色素腺体密度和棉酚含量的影响,以离体条件下的无根幼苗、不同生根状态幼苗以及无菌种子苗作为研究对象,对其茎叶色素腺体密度、棉酚含量以及棉酚生物合成关键基因表达量进行分析。结果表明,不同生根状态幼苗中,色素腺体密度和棉酚含量与一定范围内生根数呈显著正相关,随后趋于平稳。荧光定量PCR显示,棉酚生物合成关键基因GhCDN1和GhWRKY1表达量在生根数多的无菌苗中显著增高,而对棉酚合成具有反馈调节作用的 GhCYP706B1表达量呈现相反趋势;无根幼苗茎叶腺体密度和棉酚含量均显著低于有根幼苗,棉酚生物合成关键基因GhCDN1、GhWRKY1和 GhCYP706B1表达量反而高于有根幼苗。有根幼苗中根的棉酚含量显著高于茎和叶,无菌种子苗根系中棉酚生物合成关键基因表达量显著高于茎和叶。说明棉花根系能对棉酚含量产生直接影响,同时影响腺体密度。本研究进一步验证了根系是棉酚主要合成部位,地上部分也存在少量的棉酚合成,只是不能引起棉酚发生显著变化。     

不同花色牡丹品种花瓣色素含量及成分分析

以分属白、粉、红3个色系的6个牡丹品种花瓣为试材,采用薄层层析色谱法(TLC)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV)和高效液相色谱仪-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)研究不同花色牡丹品种花瓣中的色素含量,并进行了定性分析。结果表明:粉色和红色系牡丹中检测出2种花青苷,分别是矢车菊素-3,5-二葡糖苷和芍药花素-3,5-二葡糖苷,白色系牡丹中未检测到花青苷类物质,其中矢车菊素-3,5-二葡糖苷在粉色系牡丹中含量较高,而红色系中总黄酮和总花青苷的含量最高。     

温度对红曲菌以荞麦为基质固态发酵产色素的影响

发酵温度是影响微生物繁殖和代谢最重要的因素之一。利用红曲菌以荞麦为基质进行固态发酵,考查发酵温度对发酵产红曲荞麦中的生物量、色价和总黄酮含量的影响。结果表明,在发酵的前6 d,生物量随着发酵温度的升高而增大;6 d之后,30℃条件下生长量增长最快;发酵4 d后产生色素,黄、橙、红3种色素的色价在30℃条件下都增长最快。荞麦基质中的黄酮含量在发酵过程中变化不显著。     

氮、磷、钾对灯盏花生长发育及光合色素含量的影响

研究从氮、磷、钾不同水平对灯盏花生长发育和光合色素含量的影响,探讨灯盏花的营养特点。结果表明:氮、磷、钾对灯盏花的生长发育的影响是不同的,其中氮对营养生长的影响最大,磷对植株的花期有较大影响,钾可明显促进根的生长。适宜的氮、磷、钾水平有利于灯盏花植株的旺盛生长和生物量的增加,过高过低都会影响其正常生长。合适的供氮水平可提高光合色素的含量,促进植株生长。