Influence of P and K fertilization on Phytophthora root rot or excess soil water injury of alfalfa cultivars

Abstract

Phytophthora root rot (PRR) is an important disease of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in wet soils. Excess soil water (ESW) stress is required for the successful infection and development of PRR. The effects of P at 0, 40, and 80 μg.g^‐1 soil and K at 0, 120, and 240 μg.g^‐1 soil (in factorial combinations) on the severity of PRR or ESW stress was investigated on a PRR‐susceptible (Iroquois) and a resistant (Oneida) alfalfa cultivar in a greenhouse trial. P and K applications significantly increased the dry weight of tops prior to imposition of PRR or ESW stress. However, plants subjected to PRR or ESW stress did not respond significantly to P or K and there was no significant effect of P or K on the severity of PRR or ESW injury. The plants subjected to PRR or ESW stress had lower tissue P concentration than those under stress‐free conditions. Increasing P additions resulted in a significant increase in P concentration of Iroquois plants, while in Oneida the response was non‐significant. The response of K concentration in the plant to increasing K additions was dependant on P levels.     

温度、丙烯和1-MCP对西洋梨果实乙烯合成和乙烯受体ETR1同源基因表达的影响

研究了贮藏温度、丙烯和 1 MCP (1-甲基环丙烯 )处理对帕斯—卡桑 (Passe -Crassane)西洋梨果实成熟的影响。结果表明 :低温可促进果实的乙烯合成 ,未经低温处理的果实 ,用丙烯处理 ,不能正常合成乙烯。丙烯促进乙烯合成的效应随冷藏时间延长而增强。1 MCP处理可抑制冷藏果实的乙烯合成。定量PCR分析结果表明 ,果实中乙烯受体ETR1同源基因的表达不受低温的调节 ;但冷藏后升温或升温后用丙烯处理时 ,mRNA含量降低     

狗舌草提取物诱导淋巴细胞性白血病L1210细胞分化的研究

以单猪屎豆碱（MO）、槲皮素（QU）和环磷酰胺（CY）为参照，观察了狗舌草600mL／L乙醇提取物（EX）对淋巴细胞性白血病L1210细胞体外试验的形态变化；利用流式细胞术，从DNA分子水平上检查了EX对L1210细胞各周期相的影响，探讨EX对L1210细胞的分化机理。结果发现，EX能够使L1210细胞向淋巴细胞方向发展；经EX作用24h后，L1210细胞G0＋G1期的百分比较对照组明显升高。提示EX对L1210细胞增殖的抑制作用可能是由于G1期的阻滞所致。     

Effects of aerobic conditions in the rhizosphere of rice on the dynamics and availability of phosphorus in a flooded soil – A model experiment

The secretion of O₂ by rice roots results in aerobic conditions in the rhizoshere compared to the bulk flooded soil. The effect of this phenomenon on the adsorption/desorption behavior and on the availability of phosphorus (P) in a flooded soil was investigated in a model experiment. An experimental set‐up was developed that imitates both O₂ release and P uptake by the rice root. The results showed that O₂ secretion significantly reduced P adsorption/retention and increased P desorption/release in the “rhizosphere” soil, compared to the anaerobic bulk soil. The P uptake by an anion exchange resin from both unfertilized and P‐amended soil was significantly increased. The results confirm that the O₂ secretion is an important mechanism to enhance P availability and P uptake of rice under flooded conditions, where the “physico‐chemical” availability of P in the anaerobic bulk soil is strongly reduced. The decrease of P availability in the P‐amended flooded bulk soil was mainly associated with the almost complete transformation of the precedingly enriched Al‐P fraction into Fe‐bound P with extremely low desorption/release characteristics during the subsequent flooding.     

烟草不同育苗方式育苗效应的比较研究

试验引进了南非隔离育苗方式,与漂浮育苗方式、两段托盘育苗方式进行了烟草育苗比较研究.结果表明,南非隔离育苗方式显著提高了烟草苗期的积温,在出苗率、株高、叶片数、茎粗、主根长度、根系干鲜重、植株干鲜重等指标上明显优于另外两种育苗方式,且具有省时省工、操作简便、运行成本低的特点,是值得大面积推广的一项烟草育苗新技术.     

大叶速生槐种根育苗技术研究

[目的]提高大叶速生槐种根的繁殖系数和苗木的质量。[方法]对不同直径不同长度的大叶速生槐种根的繁殖方法进行研究。[结果]直径5 mm以上的种苗种根采用直接栽种的方法,直径3～5 mm的种根采用先育苗再移栽的方法,育苗主要采用沙坑密植、营养袋育苗和塑管育苗等方法。[结论]此法不仅提高了大叶速生槐种根的繁殖系数,而且提高了苗木的质量。     

低温处理对紫苏生理指标的影响

[目的]研究低温处理对紫苏生理指标的影响,确定造成紫苏叶片低温伤害的时间。[方法]将紫苏叶分别低温处理0、12、24、36、48和60 h,并测定其叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质及可溶性糖的含量,并考察2～5℃低温对紫苏叶片生理指标的影响,确定紫苏叶片低温伤害的时间。[结果]低温处理48 h能明显减少叶片中叶绿素的含量,而且低温处理60 h的叶绿素含量减少非常明显;低温处理48 h能明显减少叶片中可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖的含量。[结论]低温处理超过48 h,紫苏就会受到伤害;低温处理时间达到60 h时,紫苏受到的伤害程度加重。