Feed discrimination and selection in self-fed European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L.

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate feed discrimination and preference of European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L., taking into account the effects of feed location, previous feeding experience and light conditions. Fish (63 g) were held in tanks and exposed to a 12L:12D photoperiod and ambient temperature. The following feeding practices were applied in triplicate: three‐choice feeding (self‐ feeding with feeds formulated for carnivorous, herbivorous and omnivorous fish rotated on a weekly basis) and monofeeding (self‐feeding with one of these feeds). After 9 weeks (phase I), fish previously held in monofeeding, were subjected to three‐choice feeding for 2 weeks (phase II). In phase I, fish discriminated between feeds after their rotational displacements and preferred the feed formulated for carnivorous species. This also supported the best growth. Fish used in phase II preferred the same feed. There was no preference for any location within tanks. Feeding was generally diurnal, although in some tests with the feeds for herbivores and omnivores, diurnal and nocturnal feed demands were similar and fewer in number than with the feed formulated for carnivores.     

Genetic effects of introduced hatchery stocks on indigenous brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) populations in Spain

Abstract– To assess the levels of gene introgression from cultured to wild brown trout populations, four officially stocked locations and four nonstocked locations were sampled for one to three consecutive years and compared to the hatchery strain used for stocking. Allozyme analysis for 25 loci included those previously described as providing allelic markers distinguishing hatchery stocks and native populations. Different levels of hybridization and introgression with hatchery índividuals were detected in stocked drainages as well as in protected locations. These findings indicate that new policies for stocking and monitoring hatchery fish are needed if gene pools of wild Spanish brown trout populations are to be preserved.     

不同氮素形态对枳橙幼苗生长特性的影响

采用水培方法研究了不同形态氮素配比对枳橙[Citrus.sinensis(L.)Osb×Poncirus trifoliate(L.)Raf]幼苗生长特性的影响。结果表明,不同氮素形态配比营养液对枳橙幼苗的生长均有一定的促进作用,其中混合态氮素对植株地上部形态特征的影响好于单一态氮素,NO3-∶NH4+=5∶5处理更利于株高、茎粗和叶片数的增加;其次是NO_3~-∶NH_4~+=7∶3处理;单一态氮素形态处理中,全硝培养好于全铵培养。NO_3~-∶NH_4~+=5∶5处理促进了地下部主根的伸长和侧根的增加,却对主根粗度无明显影响。全铵培养对幼苗地上部和地下部生长均有抑制作用,甚至是毒害作用。不同氮素形态配比对枳橙幼苗叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量的影响趋势基本一致,混合态氮素对叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总量的促进好于单一态氮素,且当处理为NO_3~-∶NH_4~+=5∶5时叶绿素含量持续增加,并且更利于其积累;而全铵处理则不利于叶绿素的增加与积累。     

中国海区不同养殖品系海带与长海带之间的遗传关系

对中国海区海带(Laminaria japonica)不同栽培品系(种)及长海带(L.longissirna)的配子体无性繁殖系进行12个酶系统的同工酶检测,获得了31个基因位点,酶谱分析结果说明,来自同一株海带的雌、雄配子体无性繁殖系具有较高的遗传相似性,但“860”品系可能因杂合度大,导致该品系雌、雄配子体无性繁殖之间的遗传距离较远。对它们相应的亲本孢子体进行RAPD分析,30个随机引物共得到185个扩增位点,其中多态性位点76个,占41％。利用UPGMA对同工酶及RAPD所得到的遗传距离进行聚类分析,表明中国海区养殖海带的不同品系或品种之间的遗传相似性较大,而“烟杂1号”与长海带之间具有较近的亲缘关系。基于同工酶和RAPD图谱的结果推测,“烟杂1号”是一个新的杂交种,其母本可能是“荣杂1号”,而父本可能是长海带。     

Is there lipostatic regulation of feed intake in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L.?

High‐energy feeds, with increased fat concentrations, are often used in salmon farming to improve feed:gain ratio. However, fish are thought to regulate ingestion to meet their energy and nutrient intake requirements. Further, feeds with excessive fat content will lead to increased adiposity, which is thought to exert a negative feedback on feed intake via lipostatic regulation mechanisms. A test of the lipostatic model of feed intake regulation was carried out on juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. (c. 165 g) in which body fat content (5.6% and 9.4% body fat) had been manipulated by feeding feeds with different fat concentrations. Thereafter, the fish were offered the high‐ and low‐fat feeds (15.6% and 26.5% dietary fat content) simultaneously, and our hypothesis was that feed preference and intake would reflect the state of fat storage. Thus, we predicted that, when given a choice of feeds, the lean fish would eat more, and that the body fat status of the groups would converge over time. The results indicated a general preference for the leaner feed irrespective of adiposity level, but leaner fish consumed more feed, grew faster and deposited more body fat than their fatter counterparts. Over time, body compositions converged among treatments, and differences in feed intake ablated. These findings seem to provide supportive evidence for a lipostatic regulation of feed intake in fish.     

Effects of acute temperature decreases on turbot fry and juveniles

Turbot fry (10–20 mm) and juveniles (85–110 mm) were transferred directly from 16.0–16.5 C to 1.0 C, 2.5 C, 5.5 C or 8.0 C seawater. The fry were more sensitive to cold water than juveniles. The fry survived for 1 week at 8.0 C but not at 5.5 C, whereas juveniles survived at 5.5 C but not at 2.5 C. Transfer of juveniles to 1.0 C and 2.5 C seawater caused a high mortality, a marked increase in plasma Cl^- concentration, decrease in muscle water content, and hyperglycaemia. Acclimation to 5.5 C (juveniles) or 8.0 C (fry and juveniles) markedly reduced the sensitivity to 1.0 C exposure.     

冬种紫云英与稻草还田对双季水稻产量和土壤性状的互作效应

通过2年田间试验,旨在明确冬种紫云英和稻草还田对双季水稻产量和土壤性状的互作效应。结果表明:稻草还田和冬种紫云英对2013年早晚稻产量均无显著影响,二者亦无显著的互作效应。稻草还田对2014年早晚稻产量无显著影响。稻草还田和冬种紫云英对2014年早稻产量的互作效应接近达到显著水平(P=0.090)。冬种紫云英显著提高了2014年早稻的产量和生物量,但是对晚稻影响不显著。冬种紫云英显著增加了2014年早稻的有效穗数和每穗粒数,对2014年晚稻有效穗数的影响接近达到显著水平(P=0.055)。试验进行2年后,冬种紫云英显著降低了土壤容重,提高了土壤总孔隙度。稻草还田显著提高了土壤pH,而冬种紫云英降低了稻草还田对土壤pH的提升效应。冬种紫云英和稻草还田对土壤有机碳、总氮和碱解氮含量均无显著影响。稻草还田显著增加了土壤速效磷和速效钾的含量,提高了土壤纤维素酶、蔗糖酶、蛋白酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性,但冬种紫云英无显著影响。冬种紫云英和稻草还田对土壤速效磷含量和纤维素酶活性具有显著的协同促进效应。     

结球菊苣品种比较试验

以3个结球菊苣品种为试验材料,进行品种比较试验,结果表明,红叶菊苣叶球形态呈长椭圆形,单株重、单位面积产量最高,抗逆性和抗病性最强,抽薹率低,适合吉林地区栽培,可作为结球菊苣推广品种在吉林地区推广.     

新疆大叶紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa.L)子叶、下胚轴、根的植株再生

随着植物抗逆性研究和植物转基因技术的发展,通过异源目的基因转化培育耐盐碱苜蓿品种的研究已引起人们的关注,植物受体高频再生体系的建立是异源转化高效的基础。选取新疆大叶紫花苜蓿种子萌发5～7d无菌苗的子叶、下胚轴及根为外植体,诱导愈伤培养基为MS 2,4-D0.1～3.0mg/L(8种不同水平)或MS 2,4-D2.0mg/L KT0.01～0.5mg/L(10种不同水平),诱导芽培养基为MS 6-BA0.5mg/L NAA0.05mg/L,生根培养基为MS。结果表明,外植体在MS 2,4-D2.0mg/L KT0.2mg/L培养基中能够产生状态较好可再分化的愈伤组织,子叶、下胚轴、根的平均出愈率分别为93.1%、100%、100%。愈伤组织在MS 6-BA0.5mg/L NAA0.05mg/L培养基中培养40～80d中均可分化芽,子叶、下胚轴、根的芽平均分化率为50%、78%、50%,将2cm以上的芽转入MS培养基中诱导生根,14d后,生根的小植株炼苗移入花土中,成活率达90%以上。子叶、下胚轴、根在该体系中均能获得再生植株,根也是一种较好的植株再生材料,以根为外植体进行植株再生的研究报道还较少。     

利用SSR﹑EST-SSR、SNP标记对鲤食物转化率、体厚、体质量3种性状的分析

利用Windows Map Manager2.0的标记回归法对鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)F2群体进行单标记定位分析.用91个SSR标记、33个EST标记、364个SNP标记对鲤进行全基因组扫描,结果得到与食物转化率、体厚、体质量3个性状显著相关(P＜0.05)的标记,分别为27、35、27个,其中与食物转化率相关的标记SNP0041、SNP0044,其相关性达到极显著水平(P＜0.001),贡献率分别达到15%、16%.这些标记可作为分子标记辅助育种的参考标记.将得到的与食物转化率显著相关的EST座位HLJEl4、HLJE253和与体质量显著相关的HLJE253座位在NCBI上进行BLAST比对,结果显示HLJE253与斑马鱼上编码ORF2结构蛋白的基因相关,相关程度达61%.将得到的与3种性状相关的SNP标记在NCBI上进行序列查找,通过Blast比对找到相关的基因,并对可能的功能作了注释.