Molybdenum reserves of seed,and growth and N2 fixation by Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Summary Plants grown from seed with high (1.5–7.3 g Mo seed^-1) and low (0.07–1.4 g Mo seed^-1) Mo contents were grown in the presence and absence of Mo in growth media (perlite) or in a flowing-solution culture, in a controlled environment. Neither the high (1.5 g Mo seed^-1) nor the low (0.1 g Mo seed^-1) Mo content in seed from a small-seeded genotype (BAT 1297) was able to prevent Mo deficiency (reduced shoot, root and nodule dry weight, N₂ fixation and seed production) in growth media without an external supply of Mo, whereas both the high (7.3 g Mo seed^-1) and the low (0.07 g Mo seed^-1) contents in seed were able to prevent Mo deficiency in a large-seeded genotype (Canadian Wonder). Responses to Mo treatment by the Two genotypes were inconsistent between the growth media and solution culture experiments. Seed with a large Mo content (3.5 g Mo seed^-1) from the Canadian Wonder genotype was unable to prevent Mo deficiency (reduced shoot and nodule dry weight and N₂-fixation) in a solution culture without an external source of Mo, whereas both the large (1.7 g Mo seed^-1) and the small (0.13 g Mo seed^-1) contents in seed prevented a deficiency in BAT 1297. Growing plants from seed with a small Mo content, without additional Mo, reduced the seed Mo content by 83–85% and seed production by up to 38% in both genotypes. Changes in seed size and increases in shoot, root and nodule dry weight occurred, but varied with the genotype and growth conditions. These effects were also observed in some cases where plants were grown with additional Mo, demonstrating that the amount of Mo in the seed sown can influence plant nutrition irrespective of the external Mo supply. Nodule dry weight, total N content of shoots and seed production were improved by using seed with a small Mo content (1.64–3.57 g Mo seed^-1) on acid tropical soils in Northern Zambia. Plants of both the large- and small-seeded genotypes grown from seed with a small Mo content (<1.41 g Mo seed^-1) had a smaller nodule weight, accumulated less N and produced less seed. The viability of seed with a small Mo content was lower (germination up to 50% less) than that of seed with a large Mo content.     

植物种子中微量钼的电化学发光分析法测定研究

[目的]对测定植物种子中微量钼的电化学发光分析法进行研究。[方法]试验所用的仪器由一个电生试剂系统和一个流动注射化学发光检测系统组成,筛选仪器运行所需的最佳电解电位、试液酸度、鲁米诺的浓度和碱度、试液流速,并在此基础上对种子样品中的钼含量进行分析。[结果]在-0.60 V(vs:Ag/AgCl)下恒电位电解还原钼(VI)为钼(III),钼(III)与鲁米诺在碱性条件下产生化学发光,发光强度与钼(VI)的浓度呈线性正相关,从而建立了钼的流动注射电化学发光分析法。该方法的线性范围为5.0×10-10～5.0×10-7g/ml,检出限为5×10-11 g/ml钼(VI),对1.0×10-9 g/ml钼(VI)进行11次测定,得到相对标准偏差为2.6%。将该方法用于植物种子中微量钼的测定,效果较好。[结论]该方法与以前测定钼的化学发光分析法相比,不仅提高了方法的灵敏度,而且在一定程度上提高了方法的选择性,且避免了有毒试剂汞的使用。     

施钼量对烤烟化学成分和经济性状的影响

[目的]研究不同施钼量对烤烟化学成分含量和经济性状的影响。[方法]采用大区对比试验,对云烟87进行不同施钼量处理。[结果]施钼量80 ml/株烟叶产量、产值、上等烟比例最高,且有利于提高烟叶总糖、还原糖含量;施钼量40 ml/株有利于提高烟叶钾含量,降低烟叶总氮、烟碱、氯含量,并协调烟叶糖碱比、氮碱比和钾氯比。[结论]施钼量宜选择40～80 ml/株。     

配施硼肥·钼肥对花生产量的影响

[目的]为了探讨硼肥、钼肥及施肥方法对花生产量的影响。[方法]以赣花8号为材料,在等量复合肥作为底肥施用的条件下,设硼肥、钼肥作为底肥施用和作为叶面肥喷施等7个处理,研究复合肥配施硼肥、锌肥对花生产量的影响。[结果]硼肥、钼肥主要通过增加花生的双仁果数、饱果数、百果重等增加产量;硼肥、钼肥作为叶面肥喷施的增产效果比作为底肥施用的效果好。无论是作为底肥施用还是作为叶面肥喷施,硼肥、钼肥混合施用的效果都比单独施用的增产效果好。[结论]在生产上,最好将硼肥、钼肥作为叶面肥混合喷施。     

河南省洛阳市小麦籽粒中元素富集特征研究

为了解洛阳市小麦籽粒元素富集特征基于土壤元素含量的关系,对洛阳市土壤硒高背景区种植的小麦和土壤进行了系统采集,测定了土壤25项全量指标、6种元素的有效态指标、7种元素的形态指标及小麦籽粒12种微量元素含量,分析了土壤和小麦籽粒中有益元素和重金属元素的含量特征、富集规律以及小麦籽粒微量元素与土壤元素的相关性。结果表明,研究区土壤富集硒和钼,小麦籽粒中钼、锌、硒、铜的富集系数均大于15%,富硒小麦的比例为69.11%,籽粒镉、砷、铅、汞、铬含量均低于全国平均值。小麦籽粒中硒、钼、砷含量与土壤pH值均呈显著正相关,镉、铬、镍含量与土壤pH值均呈显著负相关,锗含量与土壤pH值呈正相关,铜、锌含量与土壤pH值呈负相关,汞、铅、氟含量与土壤pH值均无相关性。研究区小麦籽粒具有有益元素丰富、有害元素含量低的特征,因而该地区是富硒富钼同时锌铜丰富的特色小麦有利地区。     

钼对玉米吸收氮磷钾、子粒产量和品质及苗期生化指标的影响

适量施Mo(施H2MoO4:0.33 kg/hm2),可以促进玉米对NPK的吸收,提高NPK肥料利用率(分别增加23.38%、26.52%和65.21%),增加单产(增产4.35%)及改变子粒品质;过量施用有抑制NPK在植株体内积累的趋势,与产量无益.玉米苗期营养体内全糖、可溶性糖和纤维素含量与施Mo水平呈正相关,蛋白N及叶片叶绿素含量呈负相关。     

磷钼营养对烤烟色素和中性香味物质的影响

研究了叶面喷施磷和钼对烤烟叶片发育过程中色素及中性香味物质的影响。结果表明:叶面喷施磷和钼可以有效地提高叶片发育过程中叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的积累量,促进成熟期内叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的降解,有效地增加中性香味物质的含量,提高烟叶中新植二烯的含量,对烟叶品质的提高有着良好的效应;不同处理相比,以叶面同时喷施1%过磷酸钙和0.1%钼酸铵效果最好,其次为单独喷施磷,单独喷施钼效果较差。     

Determination of molybdenum in plant tissue by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS)

Abstract

The analysis of molybdenum in plant tissue using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS) is described. The method involved wet digestion using a mixture of sulphuric, nitric and perchloric acids followed by a solvent extraction procedure. Molybdenum was extracted into di‐iso butyl ketone (DIBK) as the iron‐thiocyanate complex. The extract was then analysed for molybdenum by GFAAS.

The results of analyses of the reference plant materials (orchard leaves and citrus leaves) of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) compared very well with the certified values. Other types of plant tissue were also analysed and the results correlated well with those obtained by an alternative method.     

家畜钼中毒研究简史浅述

较系统地阐述了有关家钼中毒的研究。１９３８年最早报道英国流行该病,此后、美国、新西兰、瑞典、加拿大、日本等国相灵报道了有关钼中毒病的流行及研究状况。国内１９８１年报道过赣南流行“钼镉中毒综合症”。陕西省１９８８年开始对南洛河钼矿污染区流行的该病进行研究。先后进行了发病调查,运行内外环境钼含量和毒源成分分析测定以及综合防治,采用天然高钼饮水复制钼中毒试验,并进行中毒超微结构病理学及超氧化物歧化酶（Ｓ     

大豆钼素研究

本文报导了我国黄淮及长江中下游大豆产区土壤有效钼低于０．１５ｐｐｍ的点次达９８％，在缺钼条件下，钼主要分布于大豆根和叶，不缺钼则主要存在于根和茎中，后期钼主要贮于种子中；大豆有富集钼功能；缺钼大豆的光合作用和固氮酶性降低。硝酸还原酶活性及叶绿素含量，在水培介质为０．０５－０．１ｐｐｍ范围内，与钼浓度正相关，大豆各器官及全株干重变化亦有类似趋势，施钼提高了除胱氨酸和异亮氨酸外的其它１５种氨基酸含量，